BRICKS

 Rustication occurs when heavier stones or areas

project from the normal face of the surrounding wall
or of the joint themselves.
 BRICKS
Bricks are structural units of clay or shale formed while
plastic and subsequently fired. The manufacture of bricks
consists essentially of screening, grinding, or working the
clay to the desired consistency for molding, whether by
hand or machine. After molding, the bricks are dried and
then burned in kilns for many hours at high
temperatures, approximately 2000°F. These processes
tend to purity the raw products, make it uniform and
homogeneous, burn out all combustible matter and result
in a product. which is both stable ang physically
permanent. Standard size of brick is 3-3/4”x 2-1/4 x 8”.
Types of bricks most frequently used in architecture are:
a) Common or building brick. used for all purpose,
including facing.
b) Facing brick. specially processed to give certain
specific surface characteristics. Used for exposed
masonry surface.2x4x8.
c) Glazed brick. These have a smooth outer surface with
a dull satin or high gloss finish. They are load
bearing, fire resisting, and impervious. They are
usually formed with vertical hollow cores through the
body with scoring on the back.
d) Fire (refractory) brick. These are ordinarily made
from a mixture of flint clay, and are used for the
lining of furnaces, fireplaces,ang chimneys.
Common/Building Brick Facing Brick

Glazed Brick
 BRICKWORK
The usual methods of laying brick are as follows:
a) Common Bond. Consists of five stretcher courses and
then a header course. It is generally begun with a row
of headers at the bottom course.
b) English Bond. Consists of alternate course of
stretchers ang headers.
c) Flemish Bond. Consists of alternate headers and
stretchers in each course.
d) Herring-bone. The bricks are laid diagonally to form
a herring-bone pattern.
Common Bond English Bond

Flemish Bond
Joints between brick course are usually from 4.5mm
(3/16”) to 12mm (1/2”).

Flush joint Weathered joint

Recessed joint Weathered

pointing

Weathered joint Raked out joint

 CONCRETE BLOCK
Concrete block is a hollow masonry unit, with two or
three cells or cores, made of the following ingredients:
water, Portland cement, and various types of aggregate
such as sand, gravel, and crushed stone. ASTM C331
defines the aggregates as cinders, expanded slag,
expanded shale or clay. Expanded blast furnace slag rates
the highest in fire resistance, and due to its cellular
structure, has high sound and thermal insulation quality.
These are manufactured by machine-mixing the
ingredients, pouring the mix into molds, and curing the
block by air drying. A steam-and-pressure curing process
is also used which can concrete block in a few hours.
Standard block sizes are from thickness af 100mm
(4”),150mm(6”) and 200mm(8”) x 200mm(8”) height x
400mm (16”) length. Blocks of 100mm (4”) thickness
should be used only for interior partition walls where
weather-tightness is not required.

The different of concrete block include:

a)Stretchers
b)Headers
c)corner blocks
d)jamb blocks
e)beam or lintel blocks
Concrete hollow blocks should be laid on a full bed of
mortar. Horizontal and vertical joints should be 10mm
(3/8”) thick. Reinforcement for 100mm (4”) and 150mm
(6”) wall should be10mm (3/8”) Ø vertical bars at 600mm
(24”) on centers and 3/8 Ø horizontal bars every third
course. For 8” walls, reinforcement shall be ½ theta
vertical bars at 24” on centers and ½” Ø horizontal bars
every third course. All horizontal reinforcement shall be
tied to the vertical reinforcement at their intersections.
Dowel bars should be placed into the piers, column, slabs,
leaving 20 bar diameters exposed to splice with the
reinforcement of the hollow blocks. Blocks cells with
reinforcement are filled with cement mortar. Concrete
blocks walls should have a reinforced concrete lintel or
beam block course.
 SPECIFICATIONS:
A. Masonry Units
1. 100mm x 200mm x 400 (4”x8”x16”) Non-load Bearing
Concrete Hollow Blocks Units of standard
manufacture, machine vibrated with even texture and
well defined edges, conforming to PNS16 with a
minimum compressive strength of 500 PSI.
2. 150mm x 200mm x 400mm (6” x 8”x16”) Non-Load
Bearing Concrete Hollow Blocks Units of standard
manufacture, machine vibrated with even texture and
well defined edges, conforming to PNS16 with a
minimum compressive strength of 500 PSI.
3. 150mmx200mmx400mm (6”x8”16”)Load Bearing
Concrete Hollow Blocks Units, steam cured, with
minimum compressive strength of 750 PSI.
4. 150mmx200mmx400mm (6”x8”x 16”)Louver Block,
steam cured with minimum compressive strength of
500PSI.
B. Mortar (See 1.1 CEMENT MORTAR)
C. Reinforcement. Structural grade bars conforming to
ASTM Specification A615/PNS49 of size shown in
the plans.
“DURISOL” block is lightweight block made from fiber
and cement. “DURISOL” block units are two-core,100mm
(4”) or 150mm (6”)x87mm(7-1/2”)x600mm(24”).

Reinforcement shall be 10mm (3/8”) Ø vertical bars at

720mm(36”) on center and at every 4th course. Every 4th
course should be a beam block course. Cores shall be
solidly filled with cement mortar.
 PLASTER BLOCK
Plaster block, also known as gypsum partition blocks, are
usually made of gypsum, asbestos or vegetable fibers as
binders, and reinforcing. It is used for lightweight. Fire-
resistant interior partitions. A solid plaster block is also
manufactured and is used furring and fireproofing
columns.
Gypsum hollow blocks are manufactured in units 75mm
(3”),100mm (4”) or 150mm (6”) x 700mm (30”) x
300mm (12”). Solid gypsum block is manufactured only
with a 50mm (2”) thickness.
 STRUCTURAL CLAY TILE
Structural clay tile are hollow masonry units, open at two
ends with interior webs or partitions 19mm (3/4”) to
25mm (1”) dividing the block into longitudinal cells. In
its manufacture, the various shapes of clay tile are formed
through special dies and then wire-cut into the required
lengths. It may have a smooth or scored (grooved)
surface. Structural clay tile is classified into:
a. Load-bearing well tile.300mmx300mmx300mm (12”x
12”x12”)
b. Non-load bearing fireproofing, partition, and furring
tile.100mm (4”) or 125mm (5”) x 200mmx300mm
(8”x12”)
 ROOFING STRUCTU- DOORS and EXTERIOR INTERIOR
/FLASHING RAL WINDOWS PARTITION
ALUMINUN ALUM ALUM ALUM ALUM
COPPER CARBON STAINLESS STAINLESS STAINLESS
STEEL STEEL STEEL STEEL
ALLOY STEEL BRASS

FENCING/ PIPES FITTINGS FIXTURES RAILINGS STAIRS GRATING MACHINE

SCREENING
ALUM ALUM ALUM CAST IR ALUM CAST I. CAST I. CAST I.

WROUGHT CAST I. CAST I. WROUGHT CAST I.

WROUGHT WROUGHT

STAINLESS

BARS AIRCON HEATING FURNI- GRILLES BOLT/ CABLE

TURE SCREW
ALUM WROUGHT ALUM BRASS HIGH’ S
ALLOY
WROUGHT