Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Introduction To Plants
Introduction To Plants
to the Plant
Kingdom
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Early Ancestors
Aquatic to Terrestrial
Life
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Aquatic Ancestor
Closest living
species to a
possible land
plant ancestor
Group of green
algae
Called
Charyophyceans Chara
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Algae & Land Plant
Similarities
Both contain chlorophylls a and b
Have chloroplasts with stacks of
thylakoids
Store starch in plastids
Cellulose in cell walls
Go through Alternation of Generations
life Cycle
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Aquatic Habitat
Terrestrial Habitat
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Living in Aquatic Environments
Plants surrounded by water so
don’t dry out
Sperm swims to egg
Water supports plant
Plants stay in upper surface near
light
Absorb nutrients from the H2O
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Plant Adaptations to Land
Problems: Solutions:
Need minerals Roots absorb H2O &
minerals
Gravity
Lignin & cellulose in cell
Increase in walls
Height for Light Vascular Transport
Adaptations for System
Drier Waxy cuticle &
environment stomata with guard
Reproduction cells
Pollen containing sperm
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How Are Plants
All Alike?
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Plant Characteristics
Multicellular
Autotrophic (photosynthesis)
Chlorophylls a and b in thylakoid
membranes
Surrounded by cell walls containing
cellulose (polysaccharide)
Store reserve food as amylose
(starch)
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Plant Reproduction
Alternation of generations life
cycle
Diploid (2n) sporophyte stage
Haploid (1n) gametophyte stage
Produce multicellular embryo
protected inside multicellular
haploid (gametophyte egg sac)
tissue
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Plant Reproduction
Diploid (2n) sporophyte stage
produces haploid spores by
meiosis
Haploid spores undergo mitosis to
produce gametophyte stage
Gametophyte makes gametes
(eggs and sperm) by meiosis
Zygote (2n) produces the new
sporophyte
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Alternation of Generations
Gametophyte
2n Sporophyte 2n gametophyte 1n pollen
2n seed with
plant embryo
Ovary with
1n ovules
(eggs)
Sporophyte copyright cmassengale 12
Plant
Divisions
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Taxonomy
Plants are divided
into two groups
Based on the
presence or Vascular
absence of an Bundles
internal transport
system for water
and dissolved
materials
Called Vascular
System
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Vascular System
Xylem tissue carries water and
minerals upward from the roots
Phloem tissue carries sugars made
by photosynthesis from the leaves
to where they will be stored or
used
Sap is the fluid carried inside the
xylem or phloem
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Nonvascular Plants
Do not have
vascular tissue Sporophyte stage
for support or
conduction of
materials
Called Bryophytes
Require a
constantly moist Gametophyte
Stage
environment
Moss Gametophytes &
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Nonvascular Plants
Plants can’t grow as tall
Cells must be in direct contact
with moisture
Materials move by diffusion
cell-to-cell
Sperm must swim to egg
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Angiosperms
Division Anthophyta
Subdivided into two groups –
Monocots and Dicots
Monocots have a single seed
cotyledon
Dicots have two seed cotyledons
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Monocots
Parallel
venation in
leaves
Flower parts in
multiples of 3
Vascular tissue
scattered in
cross section
of stem
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Dicots
Net venation in
leaves
Flower parts in
multiples of 4
or 5
Vascular tissue
in rings in
cross section
of stem
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Plant Uses
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Why We Can’t do Without
Plants!
Produce oxygen for the
atmosphere
Produce lumber for building
Provide homes and food for many
organisms
Prevent erosion
Used for food
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More Reasons We Can’t do
Without Plants!
Produce wood pulp for paper
products
Source of many medicines
Ornamental and shade for yards
Fibers such as cotton for fabric
Dyes
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