General Physics 2

QUARTER 3, WEEK 5
Some circuit symbols
Lesson 1
RESISTORS IN SERIES AND PARALLEL
Resistors
IN SERIES
• When the flow of charge
(current) must flow through
devices sequentially.
Resistors
IN PARALLEL
• Resistors are in parallel when
each resistor is connected
directly to the voltage source
by connecting wires having
negligible resistance
 Resistors
IN COMBINATION
• More complex connection of
resistors are sometimes just
combinations of series and
parallel connections.
 Sample Problem
Suppose a voltage output of the battery in the figure is 12V and the resistances are R1= 1 R2= 6, R3= 1
 
a. Total resistance

b. Current

c. Voltage drop in each of the resistor, and show these add to the equal voltage output of the source

d. Calculate the power dissipated by each resistor

e. Find the power output of the source, and show that it equals the total power dissipated by the resistors
 Sample Problem
Let the voltage output of the battery and resistances in the parallel connection.

a. Total resistance

b. Current

c. Calculate the currents in each of the resistor, and show how these add to equal to the current output of the source

d. Calculate the power dissipated by each of the resistor

e. Find the power output of the source, and show that it equals the total power dissipated by the resistors.
Check your understanding
• Find the equivalent resistance of the circuit shown: A potential difference of 20V is applied to the circuit. Find the
current through each resistor and the current through the entire circuit.
Lesson 2
ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE
Electromotive Force
• Emf is not a force at all; it is a special type of potential difference. To
be precise, emf is the potential difference of a source when no
current is flowing.
• The unit of emf is volts.
• Emf is directly related to the source of potential difference
Lesson 3
KIRCHHOFF’S RULES
Kirchhoff’s Rules
• Other complex circuits such as in the figure, cannot be analyzed
with series parallel techniques.
• However, there are two-circuit analysis rules that can be used to
analyze any circuit.
• The rules are known as Kirchhoff’s rules, named after Gustav
Kirchhoff.
Kirchhoff’s Rules
• Kirchhoff’s loop rule: The total change in the electric potential
around any closed circuit path must be zero.
• Kirchhoff’s junction rule: The current entering a circuit junction
must equal the current leaving the junction.
• Watch the Supplemental Video no.4 for the thorough explanation of
Kirchhoff’s Rules
Kirchhoff’s Rules

• Here are some rules to follow when using the Kirchhoff’s Rules:
• 1. Label the nodes
• 2. Assign the current and the direction of the current
• 3. Indicate the direction you will be going around each loop when
applying the voltage rule.
• 4. Apply the current rule at each junction that gives a unique
equation.
• 5. Go around each loop and apply the voltage rule, use V=IR for each
resistor.
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THANK YOU!
One more lap to go! You can do it !
Believe in yourself.