Manner

of
articulatio
n
Group 2
 Definition
obstructed
How Consonant
Place of Manner of Air stream
articulation ≠ articulation
Con
sounds

Where
c

How
ern

degree of
ed

Sounds stricture in
to

are the vocal

produced tract
 classify

5 manners of articulation
Plosive(stop)

Fricative

Approximant and Lateral approximant

Affricate

Nasal
 1. Plosive
Created by: Blocking the airstream completely
and then releasing it in a burst of air.

Eg: /b/, /p/,/t/,/d/,/k/,...

.
 4 stages in the production

• The articulators move to form

Closing phase
the stricture for the plosive

• Compressed air is stopped from

Compression phase
escaping

• The articulators used to form

Release phase the stricture are moved so as to
allow air to escape.

• Happens immediately release

Post release phase
phase
 Oral sounds

- Are the sounds which are produced with the

air-stream being stopped in the oral cavity.

- The soft palate is raised blocking off the

nasal cavity.

- The two articulators come apart quickly and

the air escapes through the oral tract.
 3 pairs of oral stop

Voiceless Voiced

Bilabial [p] [b]

Alveolar [t] [d]

Velar [k] [g]

 Bilabial:
/p/ and /b/

/p/: pay, happy, tap /b/: bay, tab, abbey

 Alveolar:
/t/ and /d/

/t/: top, acted, bet /d/: days, bed, abandon

 Velar:
/k/ and /g/

/k/: cat, faking, attack /g/: gear, tag, soggy

 2. Fricatives
Created by: Oral Air Friction
cavity passes sound

Position The parts

of the created Different
narrow the narrow sounds
split split
 /θ/:
think, thank, three, mouth
 /ð/:
those , without , father , together
 /ʃ/:
sharp , pressure , motion , chef
 /ʒ/:
beige , Asia, pleasure
3. Affricate
Sounds that have a
combination of a plosive and a
fricative.

Eg: /tʃ/, /dʒ/

3. Affricate
Put behind
The tip the top teeth
Air is captured
of
in mouth
tongue

Moved to
behind the
Tongue alveolar ridge Air is
back released
 /tʃ/:
choose , beach , change , chops , China …
 /dʒ/:
joy , siege , John , orange
 4. Approximant and
Lateral approximant:
Approximant: They are produced with little
constriction in the vocal tract => air passage is
not restricted.

Eg: /w/, /r/,/j/

Created: by slight narrowing => not enough to

cause friction.
 Biabial /w/:
win, week, where, weather
 Post alveolar/r/:
rabbit, run, rose, rich, rain
 Palatal /j/:
young, yesterday, university
 4. Approximant and
Lateral approximant:
Lateral approximant: Lateral is “side”, and
the label indicates that the flow air is around
the sides of the tongue.

Created: by the airstream + the sides of the

tongue. The soft palate is raised.
 /l/:
tell, collect, difficult, already
5. Nasal
The basic characteristic
of a nasal consonant is
that the air escapes
through the nose .
5. Nasal
Created: by a stricture
of complete oral sound.

- The soft palate is

lowered.

Eg: /m/, /n/, /ŋ/

 Alveolar nasal /n/:
nice, know, behind, expensive
 Bilabial nasal /m/:
milk, empty, tomorrow
 Velar nasal/ŋ/:
sing, long, bank, morning
 Fortis and Lenis

Voiceless consonants are called Fortis :

/p/; /t/; /k/;…

Voiced consonants are called Lenis:

/b/; /g/; /d/;…

 Compare
Fotis Lenis
Voicing Unvoiced Often voiced
Length Longer shorter
Strength stronger weaker
Aspiration may be not aspirated
aspirated
Glottalization may be not glottalized
glottalized
 Thank you
for listening