Glimpse of Hybrid Rice

Commercialization
Program in the Philippines:
Status, Opportunities and
Challenges
HYBRID RICE
Hybrid rice is the product of crossing two rice
genotypes with superior qualities. Qualities of both
parents are passed on to the first filial generation (F1)
taking advantage of the hybrid vigor or heterosis that is
translated to higher yields. The advantage of hybrid
rice is its capability to have a higher yield potential
than conventional varieties under the same production
conditions.

F1
x

F1 Seed
Male parent Female parent
HYBRID RICE
 The start of hybrid rice technology in the Philippines in
1998 was inspired by its spectacular gains in China.
(Leocadio S. Sebastian, Former Executive Director of PhilRice)

 Chinese scientist bred the world’s first hybrid rice in 1974.

(www.fao.org)

 Hybrid rice varieties yield about 15-20% more than even

the best of the improved or high yielding bred varieties
do. (www.fao.org)

 Hybrid rice has particularly good potential to improve the

food security of poor countries , where arable land is
scarce, population is expanding and labour is cheap.
(www.fao.org)
HYBRID RICE
 Hybrid rice technology has provided farmers with high
yields, saved land for agricultural diversification and
created rural employment opportunities. (www.fao.org)

 Hybrid rice technology is the key approach for increasing

rice productivity in the Philippines. By 2020, rice
production volume must be 40 to 50% higher than the
current level to satisfy the needs of the Philippine
population.
(Redoña and Gaspar, 2001)

 Hybrid rice commercialization program was launched on

2002, this aims to promote the widespread use of hybrid
seeds in the country to enhance farmers' productivity and
income and to generate employment in rural areas.
(Redoña et al., 2001)
 History

• Hybrid rice was launched as a national program in January

1998
• Hybrid rice was launched as a flagship program of Pres.
Gloria Arroyo in March 2002
History
• China is the pioneer of hybrid
rice technology
• IRRI started research on
hybrid rice in 1979;
PhilRice in 1989
• PhilRice entered into
hybrid rice R&D
collaborations with
Chinese institutions
starting in 1993
History
• Individual farmers in Regions 2 and 11 and one
private company in Isabela (HyRice) were the first
to accept hybrid rice
• PhilRice San Mateo was converted into a Hybrid
Rice Center in 1998
• Private seed companies
have become active in
hybrid rice technology
(Monsanto, HyRice,
Aventis, AgroSeed, SL
Agritech)
History

Cagayan Bohol Maguindanao

Isabela Iloilo Lanao del Norte
Nueva Ecija Davao Oriental Davao del Sur
Camarines Sur Davao del Norte

• Promo started in 11 provinces with high yields in

rice; large irrigated or potentially irrigable areas;
favorable growing environments; trained
manpower
• It was offered to all provinces in 2002 and 37
provinces were identified to be suited to hybrid
rice this year
 History of hybrid rice development

Hybrid rice research and development for Philippine conditions was started by IRRI after hybrid
1970s rice technology was introduced in China.

Hybrid rice combinations were brought into the Philippines from Yunnan
1980s
PhilRice built collaborations with Yunnan Agricultural University, Jiangxi Academy of
Agricultural Sciences and Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences focused on germplasm
exchange and evaluation, development of varieties and companion technologies, and
exchange of technical information

1990s Developed hybrid parents suited to tropical conditions at IRRI

First testcrosses were generated in a breeding nursery and Chinese hybrids were
evaluated in an observational nursery at PhilRice.
F1 seed production technologies were studied at PhilRice

1994 Magat (PSB Rc26H), the first hybrid rice variety in the Philippines was developed by IRRI

Mestizo 1 (PSB Rc72H) was jointly developed by IRRI and PhilRice, and was
1997 approved for commercial release by the Philippine Seed Board

Hybrid rice was formally presented to the Philippine public under

1998 the “Gintong Ani Hybrid Rice Program”

Source: Gaspar et al. 2007. The pains of success in Hybrid Rice Commercialization in the Philippines
 History of hybrid rice development

2000 Mestizo 1 and three Chinese hybrids performed well in yield trials at PhilRice Isabela, the designated
Hybrid Rice Center of the Philippines

2002 Hybrid rice commercialization program (HRCP) was launched designating PhilRice as the lead implementing
agency mandated to intensify its research and extension activities on hybrid rice to increase yield by at least
15%.

Research initiatives included development of:

Superior hybrids
Integrated crop management practices for hybrids
Pest management strategies in hybrid rice cultivation and seed production
Improved hybrid rice seed production technologies
Machines for hybrid rice seed production and cultivation
Policy on hybrid rice and socio-economic related matters

2005 Seed subsidies were strengthened and pushed further by the government to
encourage widespread hybrid rice cultivation and adoption of new and high-
yielding hybrids.

2011 Commercialization program for the first two line hybrids NSIC Rc202H (Mestiso 19)
and NSIC Rc204H (Mestiso 20). This is the second wave of public hybrid rice
commercialization focused on the two-line hybrids.

2013 As of 2013, 53 hybrids have been released for commercial cultivation by the National Seed
Industry Council developed solely and/or jointly by public and private breeding entities
alike.

The hybrid rice varieties include Magat, Panay, Mestizo 1 and Mestiso 2 to Mestiso 51,

Source: Gaspar et al. 2007. The pains of success in Hybrid Rice Commercialization in the Philippines
RICE INDUSTRY
9,000,000 8,308,512

8,000,000
Area Planted (ha)
7,000,000 Volume Produced (mt)
6,000,000

5,000,000

4,000,000

3,000,000
2,166,180 2,075,473
1,949,107
2,000,000

1,000,000 363,470 361,408

179,532 164,993

0
Trad var FGS Inbred Hybrid

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority. 2015

 Average Yield (mt/ha)

5.74
6

5
4.26

4 3.42

3
2.02

0
Trad var FGS Inbred Hybrid
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority. 2015
Region I
HYB Area: 71,763 ha
Volume of production: 387,847 mt
Average yield: 5.40 mt/ha
Region II
HYB Area: 74,439 ha
Volume of production: 399,746mt
Region III Average yield: 5.37 mt
HYB Area: 86,770 ha
Volume of production:
625,033 mt
Average yield: 7.20 mt
Policies concerning hybrid rice and hybrid rice seed production

RA 7308- National Seed Industry Council, Provision on Seed Industry Development Program, National Seed Quality Control
Services, and Restrictions, Sanctions and Penalties (Art. 42, Sec. 1 – prohibit importation of seed varieties which are easy to
grow locally under ordinary condition; Art. 42, Sec. 5 – prohibit exportation of rare and indigenous species, varieties, lines, and
strains of seeds and planting material, except for scientific of international germplasm exchange purposes)

EO 76 Series of 2002 – PhilRice as the primary government agency responsible for Hybrid Rice Commercialization Program
and promoting the utilization of hybrid rice technology

DA- Administrative Order No. 4 Series of 2009 – Guidelines on testing and analysis of imported hybrid rice and corn seed

DA- Administrative Order No. 4 Series of 2010 – Seed and Field Standards for the Production of Two-line hybrids

DA- Administrative Order No. 8 Series of 2012 – Revised Seed and Field Standards for the Production of Two-line hybrid

DA- Administrative Order No. 9 Series of 2012 – Revised criteria for accreditation of hybrid rice seed growers/producers

DA- Administrative Order No. 20 Series of 2006 – Revised seed and field standards for the production of hybrid (F1) seeds
and hybrid rice parental seeds (A or CMS line; B or maintainer line; and R or restorer line)

DA- Administrative Order No. 18 Series of 2007 – Revised seed and field standards for the production of hybrid (F1) seeds
and hybrid rice parental seeds (A or CMS line; B or maintainer line; and R or restorer line)

DA- Administrative Order No. 21 Series of 2007 – Revised guidelines on rice seed certification

DA- Administrative Order No. 29 Series of 2008 – Revising the prescribed buying and selling price of hybrid rice seed (PhP
195/ kg for F1)
Hybrid Rice Policies on Pricing
DA-AO No. 29 s. 2008 - Revising AO No. 15 Series of 2008 Prescribing the buying and selling price of hybrid rice seeds
 
F1 and parentals Buying /kilo (P)
F1 Hybrid Rice Seeds 195
A - Line  
Breeder 1125
Foundation 750
Registered 375
B - Line  
Breeder 187
Foundation 100
Registered 50
R - Line  
Breeder 187.50
Foundation 100
Registered 50

AO No. 05 s. 2014 - Revising AO No. 29 Series of 2008 Prescribing the buying and selling price of public hybrid rice seeds

F1 Hybrid Rice Seeds 212

A - Line  
Breeder 1,125
Foundation 750
Registered 375
B - Line  
Breeder 187
Foundation 100
Registered 50
R - Line  
Breeder 187
Foundation 80
Registered 40
Prevailing prices of hybrid seeds (2016)
Company Price per kg Price per bag*
(PhP) (PhP)
A 317 5,700
B 280 5,040
C 280 5,040
D 267 4,800
PhilRice 212 3,800
* One bag seed plants 1 hectare
 No. of Hybrid Seed growers
120

103
100

80

60
48
40
40 33

20
8 11

0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Note: HSG = CMS + TGMS

Source- BPI-NSQCS
 Area (ha) planted by Accredited HSG
1400 1322
1260
1197
1200

992 981.45
1000

800

600

400
244
200

0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Source- BPI-NSQCS
 Importation of Hybrid Rice Seeds

Year Volume

Kilogram (kg) Bags (18 kg/bag)

2015 (Jan – Dec) 10,447,276 580,404

2016 (Jan – May) 516,986 195,388

Source: BPI-PQSD as of June 8, 2016
RELEASED HYBRIDS (2006 -2016)
Beidahuang 1
Pioneer 2
Hyrice 2
DevGen 3
Methahelix 3
Seedworks 3
Advanta 3
Longping 3
BIOSEED 3
Bayer 7
Syngenta 11
Philscat 3
PhilRice 10
IRRI 11
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
 Yield of released varieties (2011-2016)

14.0

12.0

10.0

8.0

6.0
Ave. Yield (t/ha)
4.0 Max.Yield (t/ha)

2.0

0.0
 Hybrid rice varieties released by PhilRice
Recommendation
Hybrid Released as Breeder Domain Year released
Mestiso 16 NSIC Rc196H PhilRice 2009
Mestiso 17 NSIC Rc198H PhilRice 2009
Mestiso 19 NSIC Rc202H PhilRice&UPLB National 2009
Mestiso 20 NSIC Rc204H PhilRice&UPLB National 2009
Mestiso 29 NSIC Rc244H PhilRice National, DS & WS 2011
PhilRice
Mestiso 38 NSIC Rc262H &PhilScat National, DS 2011
Mindanao &
Mestiso 47 NSIC Rc316H PhilRice Visayas 2013
Mestiso 48 NSIC Rc318H PhilRice National, DS & WS 2013
Mestiso 49 NSIC Rc320H PhilRice Visayas 2013
Mestiso 55 NSIC Rc368H PhilRice National, DS 2014
Mestizo 1
(PSB Rc72H)
Year released : 1997
Maturity: 123 days
Average Yield : 5.4 t/ha
Maximum Yield : 9.9 t/ha
 Mestiso 19
Two-line hybrid by PhilRice-UPLB
Released: 2009
Ave yield: 6.7 Mt/ha
Max yield: 10.7 Mt/ha
Maturity: 110 DAS
Height: 108 cm
Blast: I
BLB: S
Tungro induced: S
Tungro modified: I
GLH: MR
Mestiso 19 (two-line hybrid)

Yield – 10.3 t/ha

Davao del Sur
 Mestiso 20
Two-line hybrid by PhilRice-UPLB
Released: 2009
Ave yield: 6.4 Mt/ha
Max yield: 11.7 Mt/ha
Maturity: 111 DAS
Height: 112 cm
Blast: I
BLB: S
Tungro induced: S
Tungro modified: S
GLH: MR
 Mestiso 29
Three-line hybrid by PhilRice
Released: 2011
Ave yield: 7.0 Mt/ha
Max yield: 11.2 Mt/ha
Maturity: 110 DAS
Height: 104 cm
Blast: S-I
BLB: S-I
Tungro induced: S
Tungro modified: S
GLH: I
 Mestiso 38
Three-line hybrid by PhilRice-PhilSCAT
Released: 2011
Ave yield: 6.4 Mt/ha
Max yield: 10.4 Mt/ha
Maturity: 114 DAS
Height: 113 cm
Blast: I-R
BLB: S-I
Tungro induced: S
Tungro modified: S
GLH: MR
Mestiso 47
PR36444H

Ave Yield: 5.78 t ha-1

Max Yield: 10.74 t ha-1

• Recommended for Visayas

• Very early maturing (108 DAS)
• 99 cm
• Tillers: 14 with strong lodging
resistance
• Intermediate to resistant reactions
to major pests and diseases
• Low AC, low to intermediate GT,
• Long and slender grains
Mestiso 48
PR35664H

Ave Yield: 6.21 t ha-1

Max Yield: 12.29 t ha-1

• For national recommendation

• Early maturing (110 DAS)
• 109 cm
• Wide spectrum of resistance to
major pests and diseases
• Intermediate AC, low to
intermediate GT
• Long and slender grains
Mestiso 49 PR36559H

Ave Yield: 5.98 t ha-1

Max Yield: 11.22 t ha-1

• Recommended for Visayas

and Mindanao
• Early maturing (110 DAS)
• 99 cm
• Intermediate to resistant
reaction to major pests and
diseases
• Intermediate AC, low to
intermediate GT
• Long and slender grains
 PR36474H

Mestiso 55 Ave Yield: 5.9 t ha-1

Max Yield: 10.0 t ha-1
• Nationally Recommended for Dry Season
• Early maturing (109 DAS)
• Plant Ht: 108 cm, Tillers: 13
• Intermediate reaction to blast in all test
sites
• Intermediate reaction to bacterial leaf
blight and sheath blight in PhilRice
Midsayap, UPLB and WESVIARC.
• intermediate reaction to bacterial leaf
blight in PhilRice Isabela and sheath blight
in VSU
• Resistant to moderately resistant to
whiteheads (YSB) in BIARC and PhilRice
Isabela.
• Intermediate amylose content (18.9%)
with long (7.3 mm) and slender grain (3.3)
• Premium milling recovery (70.4%), fair
brown rice (77.5%) and grade 1 (52.2%)
headrice recovery
Constraints and gaps in hybrid rice development
1. F1 seed production
2. Hybrid rice cultivation
3. Human resource technical capacity
4. Hybrid rice economics, policy, regulations

Opportunities for hybrid rice development and future outlook

1. Development of new varieties with increased heterosis, expressed as increased
grain yield potential and with resilience to biotic and abiotic stress
2. A revolutionized F1 seed production industry at the national level
3. Human resource with significantly increased technical capacity on hybrid rice
technology
4. Well-rounded policies
5. A well-utilized and well-developed implementation of the hybrid rice technology
across the country in general
Thank
you
PhilRice

36