The Nature

of Variables
Dazzle P. Muli, LPT
 OBJECTIVES
• Differentiates kinds of
variables and their uses
(CS_RS12-Ia-c-3)
 01
Activity
 4PICS
1WORD
Direction:
Identify the word
in each item using the
four pictures shown
as clues.
I N D E P E N D E N T
D E P E N D E N T
C O N T R O L
 02
The Nature of
Variables
What is a VARIABLE?

A variable is any factor or property

that a researcher measures, controls,
and/or manipulates.
 Classification of Variables

Variables
Quantitative Qualitative
Experimental Non-Experimental
(Numeric) (Categorical)

Continuous Ordinal Independent Predictor

Discrete Nominal Dependent Criterion

Dichotomous Extraneous (Confounding)

Polychotomous
 QUANTITATIVE VARIABLES

CONTINUOUS DISCRETE
“measurable” “countable”
 QUALITATIVE VARIABLES

ORDINAL NOMINAL
- rank/order
- Without
order/rank
 EXPERIMENTAL VARIABLES

Independent Extraneous
(Confounding)

Extraneous
Dependent
(Confounding)
Independent

Extraneous
Independent (Confounding)
 NON-EXPERIMENTAL VARIABLES

Predictor Criterion
School facilities

Administrators

Parents School effectiveness

     Classification of
  Type of Variable Variable
Data (Qualitative/ (Discrete, continuous,
Quantitative) ordinal, nominal)

1. Number of Covid-19 positive cases

2. Temperature in Fahrenheit
3. Honor rolls
4. Length
5. Spiritual practices
6. Level of addiction
7. Population of teachers
8. Online seller satisfaction rating
(1-5 stars)
9. Number of passengers in a PUJ