BONES

- Bones support the body.

 BONES
- Bones is a living tissue made up of
hard material called MATRIX.

Matrix is composed of two main

parts.
1. Collagen – is the protein substance
that provide flexibility to the bone.

2. Mineral Salts – mainly calcium

phosphate, give strength to the bone
 n e c o n t a i n s
Bo o ne
a c t iv e b
m an y d
ce l ls c a ll e
o s t e o c y t e s
 c y t e s a r e
Osteo o
n e c t e d t
con
h o th e r b y
eac i e s
o f a s e r
m e an s e s
of t in y p o r
c a n a l ic u li
called
 B o ne s a r e
e d w i t h a n
cover n g
r c o v e r i
oute
called
P e r i o s te u m
Bones are composed of
two kinds of tissue.

Compact Bone

Spongy Bone
Compact Bone
(Hard)  is dense
and solid in
appearance
  It provides 
protection and
strength to
bones.
Spongy Bone is
ideal for making
and storing
 bone marrow 
Bone marrow is a
spongy substance
found in the center
of the bones.
 It manufactures
bone marrow
 stem cells and other
substances, which in
turn produce blood
cells.
Two Kinds of Bone
Marrows

Red Marrow produces

red blood cells

Yellow Marrow
stores fat
Classification
of
Bones
 Long Bones
- Bones of the thigh,
legs, arms and
forearms
 Long Bones
- Bones of the thigh, s is
phy
legs, arms and i a
D
forearms
- A long bone has two
parts. The diaphysis
(central shaft)
 Long Bones
- Bones of the thigh, s is
phy
legs, arms and i a
D
forearms
- A long bone has two
s is
parts. The diaphysis phy
Epi
(central shaft)
- Epiphysis the two ends. Their
end articulate or join with one
or more bones
 Short Bones

-Carpal Bones (wrist)

Tarsal bones (ankles)
 Irregular Bones

-are like those of

the vertebrae
 Flat Bones

Include the ribs and

the bone of the skull
 How are
bones formed?
During your teen years,
the osteoblast (bone-
forming cells) dived
rapidly forming more
bones.
When you will be 20 -25
years old, your skeleton will
be completely formed.
By then, you would have
206 bones.
 • The human genome gives
For your instruction to all parts of the body on
memory how to develop each part and make
bank all parts work.
• The human body is made up of 50
million cells.
• Osteology is the study of bones
• The skeleton is mainly for support
and this support structure can be
found either inside or outside of the
body.
• A skeleton inside the body is called
endoskeleton while the skeleton
outside the body is called
exoskeleton.
 • The human skeleton is an
For your endoskeleton.
memory • The shell of crabs, snails and
bank shrimps are exoskeletons.
• The bone tissue is made up of hard
material called matrix which
contains many active bone cells
called osteocytes.
• Collagen is a protein substance
which provides flexibility to the
bones.
• Mineral salts mainly calcium
phosphate, give strength to the
body.
 • All the materials of the bone are
For your arranged in concentric circles called
memory lamellae.
bank • Lacunae are flattened spaces where
osteocytes are formed.
• Canaliculi are tiny pores that
connect osteocytes to each other.
• The Haversian System is made up
of the lamellae, the lacunae, the
osteocytes, and canaliculi.
• All bones are composed of two
kinds of bone tissue – the compact
bone and the spongy bone.
 • The marrow is a soft tissue at the
For your central cavity of the bone.
memory • A long bone has two parts. – the
bank epiphysis and diaphysis.
• The two ends of a long bone are
called epiphysis.
• The central shaft between two end is
called diaphysis.
• Osteoblast are bone-forming cells.