CONNECTIVE TISSUE

DR.NEHA PT
SB COLLEGE OF ALLIED HEALTH SCIENCE
MPT NEUROLOGY
INTRODUCTION
CARTILAGE:-IT is a specialized dense connective tissue.it is hard but not rigid like bone.
It can be bent and brought into original form when bending force is drawn.
Cartilage forms skeletal basis of some parts of the body auricle of the ear , external nose.
Ossification cartilage converted into bone
General features
They are rigid structures provide protection and support the organs.
They are present in the body where elasticity and rigidity is required.
Repair of cartilage is slow.
Three types of cartilages :hyaline ,elastic fibrocartilage.
Cartilage consist of cells called chondrocytes ,fibers and ground substance.
Hyaline Cartilage
It appears like transparent glass in fresh condition.
It is covered by a vascular fibrous membrane called perichondrium.
Perichondrium has a fibrous layer and an inner cellular layer.
The cellular layer consists of the chondroblast.
The fiber cannot be seen under the light microscope because the refractive index of the fibers
and ground substance is the same and it is homogenous.
Cont.
1. Costal cartilage of ribs
2. Cartilage covers the articulating surface of the bones.
3. The cartilage of the larynx thyroid and cricoid cartilage.
4. The tracheal rings.
Elastic cartilage
Structurally the elastic cartilage is mainly made up of elastic fibers and the chondrocytes. the
surface of the elastic cartilage is covered by perichondrium .
It is more flexible than hyaline cartilage .
Distribution: pinna of external ear.
Epiglottis ,corniculate and cuneiform, cartilage of the larynx.
Medial part of the auditory tube.
fibrocartilage
Structurally the white fibrocartilage contains a mainly thick bundle of collagen fibers type 1 and
few chondrocytes.
It has no perichondrium
It is very tough and strong but resilient.
It has great tensile strength and considerable elasticity.
Distribution: an articular disc of the temporomandibular joint and vernacular joint.
Glenoid labrum of shoulder joint.
Acetabular labrum of hip joint.
Menisci of knee joint.
Growth of the cartilages
Cartilages grow by two mechanisms:
Oppositional growth
Interstitial growth
Bone
Bone is the highly vascular living connective tissue in which the matrix is calcified by the
deposition of calcium phosphate.
The human skeleton consists of 206 bones.
Function of bone
Bone provides a supporting framework and shape for the body.
It protect vital organs of the body.
They help in the transmission of body weight .
It is the storehouse of calcium salts.
Classification of bone:
ACCORDING TO THEIR position: Axial e.g. skull appendicular: bone of limbs
According to shape: long. short, flat, irregular
According to gross structure: compact, spongy, diploic bone. (occupied by bone marrow)
According to the development
Special types of bones:
Pneumatic bones
Sesamoid bones : they ossify after birth.
Cartilage
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