Heart Diseases

Table of Contents

01 03
02
The Diseases Prevention
• Heart failure Symptoms You could describe the
• Congenital heart topic of the section here
disease.
• Heart attack.
04 05
Pathology Treatment
You could describe the You could describe the
topic of the section here topic of the section here
 Introduction
Cardiovascular disease
is defined as any serious,
abnormal condition of the heart
or blood vessels(arteries,
veins). Cardiovascular disease
includes coronary heart
disease, stroke, peripheral
vascular disease, congenital
heart disease, endocarditis, and
many other conditions.
 01
About the Disease
 About the Disease

Congenital heart Heart Attack

Heart Failure disease.
is a condition  also called a
is a general term myocardial
that develops when
for a range of infarction, happens
your heart doesn't
birth defects that when a part of the
pump enough blood
affect the normal heart muscle doesn't
for your body's
way the heart get enough blood. 
needs.
works.
 Heart failure is a long-
term condition, but
people with can live
01 long and full lives with
it.

Heart failure often

Heart Failure develops after other
conditions have
damaged or weakened
02 the heart. However,
heart failure can also
occur if the heart
becomes too stiff.

Over time, the heart can

03 no longer keep up with
the typical demands
placed on it to pump
blood to the rest of the
body .
Congenital heart
disease.
Congenital heart disease is one of the most common
types of birth defect, affecting up to 8 in every 1,000
babies born in the UK.

Congenital means that you're born with the defect. Congenital

heart disease, also called congenital heart defect, can change the
way blood flows through your heart. Some congenital heart defects
might not cause any problems. Complex defects, however, can
cause life-threatening complications.
 Heart Attack
"Myo" means muscle, "cardial" refers to the heart,
and "infarction" means death of tissue because of
a lack of blood supply. 
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the main cause of
heart attack. A less common cause is a severe spasm,
or sudden contraction, of a coronary artery that can
stop blood flow to the heart muscle.
Coronary artery disease is caused by plaque buildup
in the wall of the arteries that supply blood to the
heart (called coronary arteries). Plaque is made up of
cholesterol deposits. 
 02
Symptoms
 Heart Failure

• Shortness of breath during daily activities

• Having trouble breathing when lying down
• Weight gain with swelling in the feet, legs, ankles,
or stomach
• Generally feeling tired or weak
Congenital heart disease.
Congenital heart disease can have a number of symptoms, particularly in babies
and children, including:

* rapid heartbeat
* rapid breathing
* swelling of the legs, tummy or around the eyes
* extreme tiredness and fatigue
* a blue tinge to the skin (cyanosis)
* tiredness and rapid breathing when a baby is feeding
■ Chest pain or discomfort.
 Most heart attacks involve discomfort in the center or left side of the chest that lasts
for more than a few minutes or that goes away and comes back..
■ Feeling weak, light-headed, or faint. You may also break out into a cold sweat.
■ Pain or discomfort in the jaw, neck, or back.
■ Pain or discomfort in one or both arms or shoulders.
■ Shortness of breath. This often comes along with chest discomfort, but shortness
of breath also can happen before chest discomfort.

HEART
ATTACK
 03
PREVENTION
 PREVENTION
Heart Failure
Regular physical activity (exercising ≥5 d/wk)
and maintaining a health body weight are key
ingredients to preventing heart failure. Other
healthy behaviors also lower the risk of
developing heart failure: not smoking, eating
fruits and vegetables (4 servings/d), and
moderate alcohol intake (1 drink/d).
Congenital Heart Disease
Avoid drinking alcohol or taking
medication. Take 400 micrograms of
folic acid supplement a day during
the first trimester (first 12 weeks) of
your pregnancy – this lowers your
risk of giving birth to a child with
congenital heart disease, as well as
several other types of birth defect.
Heart Attack
• Quit smoking. ...
• Eat a heart-healthy diet. ...
• Control your cholesterol. ...
• Exercise regularly. ...
• Stay at a healthy weight. ...
• Control high blood pressure. ...
• Assess your mental health. Take
your medicines as directed.

Heart Failure
Heart failure results from injury to
the myocardium from a variety of
causes including ischemic heart
disease, hypertension, and
diabetes. Less common etiologies
include cardiomyopathies,
valvular disease, myocarditis,
infections, systemic toxins, and
cardiotoxic drugs.
Pathology
Congenital
Heart Disease
Congenital heart disease (CHD) consists of
a wide variety of anomalies and
malformations involving the heart and great
vessels that develop in utero during the
development of the cardiovascular system
and are present at birth even if they are
discovered much later, and thus, are
popularly referred to as birth defects.
Heart Attack
A heart attack occurs when one or more of
your coronary arteries becomes blocked.
Over time, a buildup of fatty deposits,
including cholesterol, form substances
called plaques, which can narrow the
arteries (atherosclerosis). This condition,
called coronary artery disease, causes
most heart attacks.
17,900,000
died from CVDs in 2019, representing 32% of
all global deaths. Of these deaths, 85% were
due to heart attack and stroke.
“Keep a healthy heart so we won’t be
apart.”.”