CARDIOVASCULA

R
DISEASES
 Presented by:

 Rameen Ismail
 Mehnaz Hurmat
 Sunaina Jamshed
 Ayesha Aman Wattoo
 Table of contents

1 2 3
Types of diseases
Introduction Causes assosiated with
CVD

4 5 6
Risk Factors Health Models Diagnosis and
Treatment
 Introduction

The cardiovascular,
or circulatory system
provides the body
with blood. It
involves heart and
blood vessels.
 01
ABOUT THE DISEASE
 CVD includes coronary artery diseases (CAD) such as angina and
myocardial infarction (commonly known as a heart attack).
 Other CVDs include stroke, heart failure, hypertensive heart disease.
 It is usually corelated with a build-up of fatty residues inside the arteries
(atherosclerosis) and an increased risk of blood clots.
 It can also be linked with damage to arteries in organs such as the brain,
heart, kidneys, and eyes.
 Symptoms of the Disease

A B
Chest
Numb
Pain,
Breathlessness, legs,
Fast or slow heartbeat. Swollen limbs,
Feeling dizzy.
 Causes of the disease

High High Diabetes Genetics

blood Cholesterol
pressure
 Types of the disease

Coronary Heart
Stroke Heart Failure Cardiac Arrest
Disease

Heart failure is also It is a sudden loss of

Coronary heart disease A stroke (the most known as congestive blood flow resulting
arises when your heart common type of heart failure, it means from the failure of
muscle's blood supply stroke) occur when a the heart isn’t the heart to pump
is interrupted by a blood vessel that feeds pumping blood as well effectively. Signs
build-up of fatty the brain gets blocked, as it should. Heart include loss of
substances in the usually from a blood failure does not mean consciousness and
coronary arteries. clot. that the heart stops abnormal or absent
pumping. breathing.
 BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL

• Biological Influence on Health:

• Social Influence on Health:

• Psychological Influence on Health:

 ● First conceptualised by George Engel in 1977.
States that,
● "Health and illness are determined by a dynamic interaction between
biological, psychological, and social factors”.

The biopsychosocial model views health and illness behaviors as products of

biological characteristics (such as genes), behavioral factors (such as
lifestyle, stress, and health beliefs), and social conditions (such as cultural
influences, family relationships, and social support).
 How Cardiovascular Diseases Affects Health
o Mood Disorders : Affects both psychological and mental well-being.

o Anxiety Disorders : Anxiety disorders include generalized anxiety, social anxiety,

panic disorders, and phobias.

o Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders :After undergoing a traumatic life experience,

such as war, natural disaster, or any other serious incident.
o Chronic Stress :
Continuous stress can cause chronic depression in some people.

o Depression :
Depression is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
 Psychophysiological Reactivity Model

It refers to cardiovascular and biological responses to

situations that are perceived as stressful, threatening, and
physically harmful.
 Risk Factors of the Disease
Two types of risk factors are considered:

• Modifiable risk factors

• Non-Modifiable risk factors

 Modifiable Risk Factors

• Use of Alcohol
• Use of Tobacco and Smoking
• Circulation Problem
• Atrial fibrillation
• Physical inactivity
• Obesity
 Non-Modifiable Risk Factors

• Age
• Gender
• Family History
• Ethnicity
 Diagnosis

ECG Stress Chest X-

Test Ray

Echocardiography Cardiac Cardiac

computerized magnetic
tomography resonance
(CT) scan imaging (MRI) :
 Treatment

CARDIAC CARDIAC
MEDICATIONS SURGERIES
 Cardiac Medications

• Nitroglycerine: It increases the blood supply to the heart and stabilizes the heart
electrically.
• Beta-Blockers and Calcium-Channel Blockers: They lower the blood
pressure and reduce the pumping demands placed on the heart.
• Vasodilators: Expands narrow blood vessels.
• Anticoagulants: They help to prevent the formation of blood clots.
• Thrombolytic Agent: Intravenous infusion of a thrombolytic agent is given to
dissolve any blood clots quickly.
 Cardiac Surgeries
• Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery:
Bypass surgery is typically recommended when blockages are severe and when the patient
has not responded to other forms of treatment.

• Coronary Angioplasty:
Percutaneous coronary intervention is a procedure used to treat narrowing of the coronary
arteries of the heart found in coronary artery disease.
 Prevention

1 2 3 4

Regular Lower Healthy Manage

Excercise Cholestrol Lifestye Stress
Level
 “With a healthy
HEART…The beat
goes ON.”
 THAT’S ALL FOLKS 
THANKYOU SO MUCH !!!
ANY QUESTIONS? :D