Solving Percentiles

Ryza quimanhan 10 arras

What is Percentile?
• Each of the 100 equal groups into which a population can be
divided according to the distribution of values of a particular
variable.
• Each of the 99 intermediate values of a random variable that
divide a frequency distribution into 100 groups.
• Percentiles are a measure of the relative standing of
observation within a data. Percentiles divide a set of
observations into 100 equal parts, and percentile scores are
frequently used to report results from national standardized
tests such as NAT, GAT, etc.
• The pth percentile is the value Y(p) in order statistic such
that p percent of the values are less than the
value Y(p) and (100-p) percent of the values are greater Y(p) . The
5th percentile is denoted by P5P5, the 10th by P10P10 and
95th by P95P95.
Percentiles for the ungrouped data
• To calculate percentiles (a measure of the relative standing of
an observation) for the ungrouped data, adopt the following
procedure
• Order the observation
• For the mth percentile, determine the
product m.n100m.n100. If m.n100m.n100 is not an integer,
round it up and find the corresponding ordered value and
if m.n100m.n100 is an integer, say k, then calculate the mean
of the Kth and (k+1)th ordered observations.
Example:
• For
  the following height data collected from students find
the 10th and 95th percentiles. 91, 89, 88, 87, 89, 91, 87, 92,
90, 98, 95, 97, 96, 100, 101, 96, 98, 99, 98, 100, 102, 99, 101,
105, 103, 107, 105, 106, 107, 112.
• Solution: The ordered observations of the data are 87, 87, 88,
89, 89, 90, 91, 91, 92, 95, 96, 96, 97, 98, 98, 98, 99, 99, 100,
100, 101, 101, 102, 103, 105, 105, 106, 107, 107, 112.

= 28.5
Percentile for the Grouped Data
•• The mth percentile (a
  measure of the relative standing of an observation)
for grouped data is:
= l + ( - c)
• Like median, m.n100m.n100 is used to locate the mth percentile group.
• l     is the lower class boundary of the class containing the mth percentile
h   is the width of the class containing Pm
f    is the frequency of the class containing
n   is the total number of frequencies Pm
c    is the cumulative frequency of the class immediately preceding to the
class containing Pm
• Note that 50th percentile is the median by definition as half of the values
in the data are smaller than the median and half of the values are larger
than the median. Similarly, 25th and 75th percentiles are the lower (Q1)
and upper quartiles (Q3) respectively. The quartiles, deciles,
and percentiles are also called quantiles or fractiles.
Example:
•   For the following grouped data compute P10 , P25 , P50 , and P95 
• Locate the 10th percentile by = = 3 observation
• so, P10 group is 85.5–90.5 containing the 3rd observation

= 85.5 + ( 3 – 0)
= 85.5 + 2.5 = 88
•  Locate the 25th percentile by by = = 7.5 observation
so, P25 group is 90.5–95.5 containing the 7.5th observation

= 90.5 + ( 7.5 – 6)
= 90.5 + 1.875 = 92.375
•  Locate the 50th percentile by = = 15 observation
so, P50 group is 95.5–100.5 containing the 15th observation

= 95.5 + ( 15 – 10)
= 95.5 + 2.5 = 98
•  Locate the 95th percentile by = = 28.5th observation
• so, P95 group is 105.5–110.5 containing the 3rd observation.

= 105.5 + ( 28.5 – 26)

= 105.5 + 4.1667 = 109.6667

The percentiles and quartiles may be read directly from the

graphs of cumulative frequency function.