COMPUTED

TOMOGRAPHY

Saibal Kumar Kar

3rd Year , B.M.E
Netaji Subhash Engineering College
 CONTENTENTS

 What is CT
 Basic Principle
 Generation of CT
 Image Reconstruction Techniques
 CT Detectors
 Artifacts in CT
 Application of CT
 Summary
 Referance
 What is CT
 CT is a digital imaging technique ,produces several axial or slice
or cross-sectional images of different parts of our body such as
bone ,mussels , heart, human brain, etc..It is normally a
backproecting image construction procedure.

 Tomography is a Greek word which comes from , ‘ tomos’

means slice and ‘graphia’ means describing.

 CT was first invented by Dr. G.N.Hounsfield at the Central

Research Laboratories of EMI Ltd , UK, in 1967 & was first
publicly announced in 1972.
 Basic Principle

CT produces cross-sectional images by measuring

the narrow beam of X-Ray f0r different and
direction.
The main principle of CT depends on Beer’s-
Lambert’s law-
 I=Io.e
 Generation of CT:
1st Generation : One source coupled with one or two
detectors . It takes 4-5 minutes to construct an image.
2nd Generation: One source multidetector (at least 30
detectors)system.18-20 seconds required for one image.
3rd Generation: One source multidetector(100-300
detectors)system. Here source &the detectors are
coupled. It takes 7-12 seconds.
4th Generation: One source coupled with 2000 fixed
detectors.Now-a-days this generation is mostly used.
5th Generation of CT has also been developed now.
IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION

There are 3 processes,

 Simple Back Projection,
 Interative Method,
 Analytical Method.

 Now-a-days analytical method is mostly

used.
 The main detectors, used in CT, are as follows,

1.Scintilation crystal with PMT,

2.Inert Gas ionisation detector,

3.Scintilation crystal with Photodiode.

Artifacts of CT:
 CT scan is normally recommended to:
 Diagnose muscle and bone disorders, such as bone
tumors and fractures.
 Pinpoint the location of a tumour, infection or blood clot.
 Guide procedures such as surgery, biopsy and radiation
therapy.
 Detect and monitor diseases such as cancer or heart
disease.
 Detect internal injuries and internal bleeding.
 CT scanning is useful to get a very detailed 3-D image of
certain parts of the body, such as soft tissues, the pelvis,
blood vessels, the lungs, the brain, abdomen, and bones.
 SUMMARY
 CT image reconstruction technique have been
continuously developed over the years to match
the advancement in new acquisition hardware
and new acquisition technique.

 Image explosion from new CT scanners,

advanced visualization are needed to improve
the productivity of radiologists.Faster & better
tools are constantly developed.
 REFERANCES
 by
 1.’Biomedical Instrumentation’
 by R.S.Khandpur.

 2.Reference taken from
 Dr.Sukumar Roy(HOD-B.M.E),
 Mr.Samir Ghosh(FACULTY-B.M.E),

 3.www.google.com

