Developmental Research

Assessment or Evaluation Studies

Comparative Studies

Prepared by: Rosilyn I. Gorospe

 Developmental Research

 As opposed to simple instructional development, has been defined as the systematic

study of designing, developing, and evaluating instructional programs, processes, and
products that must meet criteria of internal consistency and effectiveness.
 
 Is particularly important in the field of instructional technology. The most common types
of developmental research involve situations in which the product-development process
is analyzed and described, and the final product is evaluated. A second type of
developmental research focuses more on the impact of the product on the learner or the
organization. A third type of study is oriented toward a general analysis of design
development or evaluation processes as a whole or as components.
 The purpose of developmental research

 The purpose of developmental research is to assess changes over an

extended period of time.

 For example, developmental research would be an ideal choice to assess

the differences in academic and social development in low-income versus
high-income neighborhoods.
 Considered type of Developmental Research

 Longitudinal- a correlational research study that involves repeated observations

of the same items over long periods of time.
 Cross sectional- Cross sectional study forms a class of research methods that
involves observation of some subset of a population of items all, at the same
time, in which, groups can be compared at different ages with respect of
independent variables.
 Cross sequential-Cross sequential is a comparison of two separate but
equivalent longitudinal studies, each covering a different period of time It
combines both longitudinal and cross-sectional methods in an attempt to both
shorten the length of the research and minimize developmental assumptions.
 Assessment research method

 Assessment refers to the collection of data to describe or better understand an

issue. Research refers to the use of data for the purpose of describing,
predicting, and controlling as a means toward better understanding the
phenomena under consideration, and evaluation refers to the comparison of
data.

 Research assessment includes the evaluation of research quality and

measurements of research inputs, outputs, and impacts, and embraces
both qualitative and quantitative methodologies, including the application of
bibliometric indicators and mapping, and peer review.
 
 The role of assessment in research

 The role of assessment in teaching research methods: a literature review.

Further the project aimed to use a framework to evaluate
the assessments in terms of their likely effectiveness and provide
parameters for developing new approaches.
 Type of assessment Research

 A traditionally favored type of research design that has influenced

outcomes-based assessment methodology is quantitative assessment.

 Quantitative assessment offers a myriad of data collection tools including

structured interviews, questionnaires, and tests. 
 Comparative Research

 Comparative research, simply put, is the act of comparing two or more things with
a view to discovering something about one or all the things being compared. The
general method of comparing things is the same for comparative research as it is
in our everyday practice of comparison.
The purpose of comparative research

 The major aim of comparative research is to identify similarities and differences

between social entities. Comparative research seeks to compare and contrast
nations, cultures, societies, and institutions.
 Comparative research methods

 Comparative communication research is a combination of substance

(specific objects of investigation studied in different macro‐level contexts)
and method (identification of differences and similarities following
established rules and using equivalent concepts).
Correlationalresearch 
Follow-up study (tracer study)
Trend and Projections studies

Prepared by: Kimberly B. Malana

 Correlational research 
 is a type of nonexperimental research in which the
researcher measures two variables and assesses the
statistical relationship (i.e., the correlation) between them
with little or no effort to control extraneous variables.
 quantifies on how closely one variable is related to another
variable.
 A form of descriptive research because it describes an existing
relationship between variables.
 The aim of correlational research

 is to identify variables that have some sort of

relationship do the extent that a change in one
creates some change in the other. This type
of research is descriptive, unlike
experimental research that relies entirely on scientific
methodology and hypothesis.
  When to use a correlational research design

 Correlational research is a type of descriptive research (as opposed

to experimental research). There are two main situations where you
might choose to do correlational research.
1. You want to find out if there is a relationship between two variables,
but you don’t expect to find a causal relationship between them.
2. You think there is a causal relationship between two variables, but it
is impractical or unethical to conduct experimental research that
manipulates one of the variables.
 Follow-up study (tracer study)

 A tracer study or graduate survey is a survey (in written or oral form) of graduates from education institutions, which
takes place some time after graduation or the end of the training. The subjects of a tracer study can be manifold, but
common topics include questions on study progress, the transition to work, work entrance, job career, use of learned
competencies, current occupation and bonds to the education institution (school, centre, university).
 is another name for a follow-up study. We have used the word 'tracer' because we are
discussing studies that have traced children, their families, the workers, the communities or the
organizations some years after they participated in an early childhood program to find out how they are
faring.

 Graduate tracer studies are one form of empirical study that can appropriately provide valuable

information for evaluating the results of the education and training of a specific institution of higher
education.
 Tracer studies

Similar terms
 Graduate survey
 Alumni research
 Follow up-study

Target Population
 Graduates of an institution of higher education.
 Asked some months/years after graduation.
 Trend studies

 focus on the same population of people use opinion poll surveys to look at their
attitudes over time. While the population is always the same, trend
studies usually select different market research survey samples from that
population.
 Trend studies are used to obtain and analyze social, economical or political
data of identify trends and to predict what is likely to take place in the future.
 Trend studies are undertaken through documentary analysis or survey at
repeated intervals. Some times trend study may combined historical,
documentary and survey techniques.
 The purpose of trend

 The purpose of trend analysis is to spot a prevalent

trend within a user group and/or to determine how a
trend developed/would develop over time.
This exercise helps identify new opportunities and
ideas for concepts or products.
 Projections Study

Can be divided into two main categories:

1. Procedure for projecting the population considering fertility,
morality, and migration, by age and sex (component method)
2. Procedures for projecting the population using mathematical
applied to population figures but not to each of the components
(ration method)