Mycology

Prepared by: Jocelyn S . Angligen, RMT,DTA

2020
General features
non-communicable
 saprophytic
 humans are generally resistant to infections
 INTRODUCTION: MYCOLOGY
MYCOLOGY

study of fungi, structure, identification and diseases caused

STRUCTURES:
1. Cell Wall- contains 90% carbohydrate: Chitin, Acetyl Glucosamine, Betablockade
2. Cell membrane- rich in sterols types not found in other biological membranes
 PROPERTIES FUNGI BACTERIA

NUCLEUS Yes No

CYTOPLASM Yes No

CYTOPLASMIC MEMBRANE

CELL WALL Chitin Peptidoglycan

CELL TYPE

SIZE Bigger Smaller

DIMORPHISM Yeast and Mould Pleomorphic

Dimorphic
•
TYPES OF FUNGI
• 1. YEASTS
>Unicellular or Single cell
>reproduces by budding , or by blowing out
>grows at 37 degree Celsius
 Types of fungi
2. MOULDS
-Multicellular
-with elongated rectangular filaments
-grows at 18-22 degree Celsius
-composed of hyphae, mycelium, spore and rhizoids
a. Hyphae-filamentous cell of moulds
 SEPTATE- with transverse walls(septum)
 ASEPTATE- no divisions, multinucleated

Moulds: Structures & Components

DEMATIACEOUS/PHAEOID HYPHAE
 HYALINE HYPHAE

Moulds: Structures & Components

 MYCELIUM
- aka THALLUS
Consist of:
1. Aerial/ Reproductive mycelia
2. vegetative mycelia

Moulds: Structures & Components

b.

Moulds: Structures & Components

Types of fungi
3. DIMORPHIC FUNGI
-possess both Yeast and Mould
 reproduction
1. SEXUAL
 Ascospores- formed in sac (Ascus)
 Basidiospores – formed externally at the tip of a pedestal
or stem ( Basidium)
 Zygospores- single large spore with thick walls
2. ASEXUAL reproduction
conidia- asexual spores
 Clamydospores - round and thick-walled
-spores detach to form a new hyphae
 Arthrospores - rectangular
- one compartment detach to form a new hyphae
 Blastospores - buds that arise from yeasts forming a pseudohyphae
 Sporangiospores –spores in a sac (sporangium)
-found at the tip of a stalk (Sporangiophore)
-
A. History- 1941-1973 , United States- reported deaths due to
mycoses increased
B. Modern man
 Increased mobility
 the immunocompromised/ immunosuppressed
c. Immunology of mycoses
-Antibody mediated immunity(B-cell humoral)
- Cellular mediated immunity (T-cell)
IMPORTANCE OF MEDICAL
MYCOLOGY
 Host defenses
• skin barriers
• bacterial normal flora
• respiratory tract
• cell mediated immunity ( T-cells)
1. GRANULOMA PRODUCTION
-tissue reaction to fungi
-caused by cell mediated immune response
Example: systemic fungi
2. ACUTE SUPPURATION
-accumulation of pus

PATHOGENESIS
 PATHOGENESIS
3.FUNGAL TOXINS
A. Amanita mushrooms
Example : Amanita phalloides
Toxins: amanitin and phalloidin
4. ALLERGIES
-Inhalation of spores
-type 1 hypersensitivity
- May cause eosinophilia
- Eosinophilia.
ii. Colonial morphology
A. Age
>Young
>Mature
B. Rate of growth
>RAPID GROWERS
>INTERMEDIATE
> SLOW GROWERS
C. Pigment
>Hyaline
> Dematiaceous
Surface texture

Yeast-like
Surface topography