ADP and ATP

What Is ATP?
Adenosine Triphosphate - the
compound used by living
things to get cellular work
done.
What is ADP?
Adenosine Diphosphate
What do you mean by ‘cellular work’?

1) Cell Movement

2) Protein synthesis

3) Active Transport

(Low to high concentration across membrane)

Chemical Structure of ATP

Adenine Base

3 Phosphates Ribose Sugar

 ATP
JOB
ene --- stor
rg y e&
re leas
e
Adenosine triphosphate

+
P

ribose
-

adenine
 ADP
JOB
--
stor - energ
e y
Pho d by ad can be
s d
ATP phate.. ing ano
Adenosine diphosphate and t
beco her
min
g

+
P

ribose
-

adenine
ATP-ADP Cycle
 + +
Releasing energy

Storing energy

- -

ATP
ADP
P
Releasing energy
P P

P Storing energy P

ribose ribose

adenine adenine
 How Do We Get Energy From ATP?

By breaking
the high-
energy
bonds
between
the last
two
phosphates
in ATP
What is the name of the process by
which water is added to ATP to break off
a phosphate group and release energy?

HYDROLYSIS !
(To break apart by adding water)
Is anything else required for
hydrolysis other than water?
Yes…An Enzyme!
 How is ATP Re-Made?
Dehydration Synthesis
(To build by removing water.)

Another Enzyme!

ATP Synthase
The ATP – ADP Cycle
 A Reversible Chemical Reaction
Process: Hydrolysis

ATP ADP + Pi
Enzyme = ATPase

Process: Dehydration Synthesis

ADP + Pi ATP
Enzyme = ATP Synthase
 Where does the energy come from to
make ATP in animals? ___________
Your body is constantly gleaning
chemical energy from food
molecules and transferring the
energy to ATP by a process called…
_______________
All living things perform this
process in some form.
Where does the energy come from to
make ATP in plants? ____________
Plants are working during daylight hours
to convert the light energy of the Sun
into the chemical energy of ATP. This
process is called…
______________
Only photoautotrophs perform this
process.
Some organisms are autotrophs and others are heterotrophs.

Autotrophs Heterotrophs

Make their own food Cannot make their own food

• with light – photoautotrophs They get their energy by the foods
• with chemicals -- chemoautotrophs they eat
• Carbohydrates
– most commonly broken down to make
ATP.
– not stored in large amounts
– up to 36 ATP from one glucose molecule

• Lipids
– store the most energy.
– 80% of energy in your body
– About 146 ATP from a triglyceride

• Proteins
– least likely to be broken down to make ATP.
– amino acids not usually needed for energy
– about the same amount of energy as a carb.
DO NOW!

Is photosynthesis an 
endergonic or exergonic 
reaction? 
 
Defend and explain the 
rationale of your answer.