Lungs

Lesson 3
Parts of the Lungs
Ribcage

the bony frame formed by the ribs

around the chest.
Cover and protect the lungs
 Pleura

The pleura consists of a two-

layered membrane that covers
each lung.
 Diaphragm
 The diaphragm is the primary
muscle used in respiration,
which is the process of
breathing.
 This dome-shaped muscle is
located just below the lungs
and heart.
 It contracts continually as you
breathe in and out.
 Diseases that affect the Lungs
Asthma
Chronic and long-lasting
Occurs regularly and requires continuous treatment
Characterizes by shortness of breath, wheezing, and coughing.
It is triggered by a substance that is eaten or breathed in.
It results in a narrowing or spasm of the smooth muscle in the bronchial tubes.
A swelling of the mucous membrane also occurs.
Taking prescribed drugs that relax the bronchial muscles and open up air
passages relieve asthma attacks.
 Diseases that affect the Lungs
Bronchitis
 This is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bronchi caused by bacteria,
viruses, or irritants.
 Those who are at risk in contracting bronchitis are the smokers and those exposed to
harmful substances in the air.
 Bronchitis may develop during severe cold and flu. Fluid gathers in the bronchi,
resulting in a thick mucus bulld-up. It starts out like a cold. Coughing and hoarseness
are the common signs of bronchitis. It may last only a few days to a week. A person
afflicted with bronchitis has fever and cough.
 Antibiotics are used to treat bronchitis.
 Infection of bronchitis can severely weaken the body and lower one's resistance to other
infections.
- Once the infection is developed, bronchitis is very difficult to treat
 Diseases that affect the Lungs
Pneumonia.
 This is an acute inflammation of the lungs caused by bacterial infection.
 a highly communicable disease that mostly develops as a complication of
other respiratory infections such as flu.
 Fluid collects in the lungs, making breathing difficult
 Symptoms of pneumonia
-Fever, chilling
-difficulty in breathing
-chest pains
 Prevention or treatment depends on the type of infection present.
-drinking plenty of fluids,
-taking prescribed antibiotics, and
-having enough rest.
 Diseases that affect the Lungs
Tuberculosis (TB)
 a common lung disease cause by tubercle bacilli. These germs get into the
lungs and may also affect other parts of the body such as kidneys, bones, and
brain. It can easily be transferred either by direct contact or by airborne
viruses and bacteria.
 Symptoms: Dry and sometimes severe coughing, palpitation, loss of appetite
and weight, fatigue, sweating in the evening, fever in the afternoon or
evening, chest pains, and in severe cases, having blood in the sputum are
some symptoms of TB.
 Treatment: Plenty of rest, good diet, plenty of fresh air and sunlight, and
regular medical check-up are effective preventions or treatments for
contracting TB. it may now be properly treated with the discovery of
vaccines and the development of more effective drugs. Treatment lasts for at
least six months.
 Diseases that affect the Lungs
Emphysema.
 This is a serious lung disease characterized by the destruction of the walls
of the air sacs and a serious shortness of breath.
 a chronic lung disease more common in middle-aged or older people.
 A person afflicted with emphysema experiences difficulty in exhaling.The
air sacs of the lungs are stretched thin and gradually destroyed, causing
the lung tissue to lose its elasticity. The exchange of gases is hampered.
 Smoking is the main cause of emphysema.
 Symptoms: general weakness, shortness of breath, and decline in body
efficiency are experienced by a person afflicted with emphysema.
 Treatment of emphysema is very limited because of permanent lung
damage.
 Disability and death may be the results of this disease.
 Diseases that affect the Lungs
Lung Cancer
 This is a deadly disease in which cells grow wildly and lumps are
developed.
 Smoking is also the main cause of lung cancer.
The sticky tar containing carcinogens accumulates in the air passages,
making the cilia and the mucous membrane paralyzed and unable to do
their normal functions.
 Preventions or treatments of lung cancer includes regular check-up and
taking in prescribed medicines
Proper Care for the Lungs
You should make sure your lungs are working well because
it takes care of your breathing. If you take good care of your
lungs, common colds and other lung diseases can be avoided.
Below are some healthy practices to maintain the smooth
functioning of the lungs.
1. Avoid going to crowded areas and places with polluted air
where you may contract lung diseases.
2. Always cover your mouth and nose when passing by dusty
and polluted areas. You may also wear a mask so as not to
inhale dirt and dust.
Proper Care for the Lungs
3. Using clean, soft cloth or tissue paper regularly clean your
nose.
4. Stay away from smokers. You may inhale carbon monoxide
of their cigarettes.
5. Avoid direct contact with people afflicted with lung diseases.
You may get infected, too. Boil utensils of afflicted persons.
6. Always keep your surroundings clean and pollution-free.
Dispose of garbage properly.
7. Exercise deep breathing once in a while to allow all the
carbon dioxide in the body to be breathed out.
Proper Care for the Lungs
8. Change wet clothes after work or play so as not to catch
lung diseases.
9. Eat a well-balanced diet with plenty of fruits and vegetables
rich in vitamins A and C to build up body resistance against
lung diseases.
10. Have enough rest and sleep. All bodily voluntary activities
are suspended by rest and sleep. This gives your body the time
to repair damaged and worn-out tissues.
Proper Care for the Lungs
11. Drink plenty of water and fruit juice for the smooth
functioning of the lungs and prevention against catching colds.
Inhale and exhale properly.
12. Use drugs and medications only upon proper
recommendations from the doctor. Taking them may lead to
further and serious lung complications,
13. Have a regular physical check-up. Consult a doctor right
away at the first sign of lung infection.