What is Magmatic deposits ????

 Magmatic deposits are accumulation of

magmatic minerals
 They are form due to various process associated
with magmatic activity called ‘primary mineral
deposit’.
 The formation temperature of different
magmatic deposits varies from 1500 degree C to
300 degree C
 They are related to intermediate or deep seated
igneous intrusions .
 They may be whole igneous body or just a part
of it.
 Magmatic Process

Early Magmatic Late magmatic

Crystallisation crystallisation
 Early magmatic crystallisation
 Here the ore deposit formed in early stage of magmatic period
 Ore deposit crystallize before the host rock
 Also called as orthotectic & orthomagmatic

They are result I. Dissemination

of three process II. Segregation
III. Injection
 Magmatic Dissemination

 There is simple crystallisation without

concentration.
 Simple crystallisation where early form crystals are
found disseminant throughout host rock.
 It may be whole rock mass or only phenocryst in it .
 Example :- Diamond pipe of South Africa where
diamond are phenocryst .
Disseminant corundum in nepheline syenite in
Ontario.
 Magmatic Segregation
 This type of magmatic concentration is due to
gravitative crystallisation of early formed heavy
minerals / crystals.
 Crystals sink to lower part of magma chamber.
 Deposits are lenticular , pod shaped lenses
stringers , bunches & are smaller in size.
 Examples:- Bushveld chromite deposit ,South
Africa
Chromite deposit of Keoanjhar , Orissa
 Magmatic Injection

 In this case , the metallic concentrate

instead of remaining at place of their
original accumulation get injected into
adjacent solid rock masses it occurs at
residual magmatic stages .
 Examples:- Titaniferous magnetite dike of
Cumberland
Magnetite deposit of kiruna , Sweden
 Late magmatic Crystallisation
 Ore mineral crystallise after formation of host rock .
 Form towards the close of magmatic period .
 They are the consolidated part of igneous fraction that remain after
crystallisation of early form mineral.
 They are always associated with mafic igneous rock.

I. Residual liquid segregation

It involves II. Residual liquid injection
four process III. Immiscible liquid segregation
IV. Immiscible liquid injection
 Residual liquid segregation

 Basic magma undergoing differentiation may

sometimes become enrich in iron & titanium .
 This heavy residual liquid may segregate &
crystallize within the parent igneous rock.
 Such ore body commonly occurs in form of
parallel bands.
 The host rocks are usually anorthosite , gabbro
norite .
 Example :- Titaniferous magnetite bands of
Bushveld complex , South Africa
Platinum deposit , iron mountains , Wyo
 Residual liquid injection

 In this case Residual liquid may be

squeezed out towards place of less
pressure in neighbouring rock mass
forming late magmatic injection.
 Example :- Titaniferous magnetite deposit
associated with igneous rocks , Adirondack
region, New York.
 Immiscible liquid segregation

 Sometimes magma ore & silicate composition

break down during cooling into two immiscible
fractions which accumulate to form liquid
segregate deposit .
 The deposit from in this manner consist of
Pyrrhotite- chalcopyrite- pentlandite nickel
copper ores.
 Example :- Nickel copper sulfide deposit ,
Insizwa type , South Africa .
Nickel sulphide deposit of Norway.
 Immiscible liquid injection

 The immiscible liquid accumulation before

consolidation when subjection to disturbance ,
get injected in surrounding rocks such as
brecciated areas , forming immiscible liquid
injection.
 Example :- Vlackfontein mine of South Africa
Norway Nickel deposit
Nickeliferous sulphide deposit of Sudbury U.S.A
 Pegmatite Deposits

 These are formed towards the very end of consolidation of magma, in

which the residual fraction is highly enriched with volatile constituent.
 Pegmatitic liquid may be squeezed to fill in cracks & fissure in the
parent igneous body or the adjoining country rocks & forms pegmatite
veins or dykes .
 These are usually formed between 500 degree C to 800 degree C.
 Deposit of mica , feldspar , beryl , lithium minerals, gemstone & tin
minerals like cassiterite are included in the pegmatite deposits.
Occurrence of pegmatite deposit in India
A. Bisundi mine , Rajasthan – uraninite occur in pocket with
cleavelanite feldspar.
B. The suryamalai granitic batholith , Salem district
C. Radioactive patches Gradual, mehboobnagar , Andhra
Pradesh
D. The syenite outcrops near samalapti & Kumandapati ,
Salem District
 Multi color tourmaline
crystal in Himalaya
pegmatite

Mica Pegmatite
 Reference

Books:
I. Umeshwar prasad(2008)
Economic Geology
Published by CBS Publishers & Distributors
Page No. 11-12
2. Alan M. Bateman (1959)
Economic Mineral Deposit
Published by Eighth printing
Page No. 68
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