Kohistan Island Arc

By
Zubair Ahmed
Roll no. 10th

Presentation
To
Sir Mukhtar Akhundzada
 Contents…..
• Tectonic history of Kohistan Island arc
• Tectonic Model
Two stages model for KIA
 Stage A
 Stage B
• Components of KIA
 Jijal complex
 Southern amphibolite
 Chilas complex
 Kohistan batholith
 Kalam group
 Dir group
 Rakaposhi volcanic complex
 Yasin group
 Main Karakorum thrust
Tectonic history of Kohistan Island arc

1. Snow flacks and evolution of Plate tectonics

2. Supper continent and supper ocean (335 Ma)
3. Pangea break up (175 Ma)
4. Gondwana and Laurasian domains
5. Sevens major tectonic
6. Jurassic separation of Indian plate
7. Cretaceous to Eocene northward drifting of Indian plate
8. Early cretaceous intra oceanic subduction in Tethys ocean
9. Late Cretaceous MKT formation followed by closing Paleo-Tethys
10. Late Eocene MMT formation followed by closing Neo-Tethys
Tectonic Model
Stage (A) Initial building
Tectonic Model
Stage (B)

arc rifting
Components of KIA
(South to north trend)

1. Jijal complex
2. Amphibolite Belt
3. Chilas complex
4. Kohistan batholith
5. Kalam group
6. Dir group
7. Rakaposhi volcanic complex
8. Yasin group
9. Main Karakorum thrust
 Components of KIA
Jijal complex: 1. Jijal complex
200sq.km Indus river section B/w pattan and 2. Amphibolite belt
Jijal, Allai kohsitan. 3. Chilas complex
Soutern Jijal complex : 4. Kohistan batholith
5. Kalam group
At South lie with Indo-Pakistan shield without
6. Dir group
interfacing MMT due to intense shearing
( sliced off). 7. Rakaposhi volcanic
complex
Mostly ultramafics. 8. Yasin group
Northern Jijal complex: 9. Main Karakorum
thrust
At north it has faulted contact with southern
amphibolite.
Mostly garnet granulates

Chromite lenses and serpentinites alteration.

 Components of KIA
1. Jijal complex
Amphibolite belt:
2. Amphibolite belt
• Entering from eastern 3. Chilas complex
Afghanistan to area of southern
Dir and bifurcates into southern 4. Kohistan batholith
and northern amphibolites 5. Kalam group
enveloping the Chilas complex. 6. Dir group
• Southern amphibolites: 7. Rakaposhi volcanic
Intermediate to ultramafics with complex
25% amphibolites. 8. Yasin group
• Norther Amphibolites: 9. Main Karakorum thrust
It is classified into epidote
amphibolite, plagioclase and garnet
amphibolites.
• Origin
Base on Numulitics and Assilina
fossils its origin is described as the
metamorphism of calcareous rocks.
 Components of KIA 1. Jijal complex
2. Southern amphibolite
Chilas complex 3. Chilas complex
4. Kohistan batholith
5. Kalam group
• Present b/w Nanga Parbat 6. Dir group
and dir. 7. Rakaposhi volcanic
complex
8. Yasin group
• Considered as root of KIA 9. Main Karakorum thrust
and its deepest part is
exposed in diamir.

• Mafic and Ulta-mafic

complex.
 Components of KIA 1. Jijal complex
2. Amphibolite belt
Kohistan batholith 3. Chilas complex
4. Kohistan batholith
Trans Himalayas plutonic 5. Kalam group
complex situated at north 6. Dir group
of MMT and spread 2700 7. Rakaposhi volcanic complex
8. Yasin group
sq.km area b/w eastern 9. Main Karakorum thrust
Afghanistan and Burma.
It is part of THPC is
extended 270 km b/w
eastern Afghanistan and
nanga parbat.
 Components of KIA 1. Jijal complex
2. Amphibolite belt
Kohistan batholith 3. Chilas complex
Kohistan batholith give 2-fold 4. Kohistan batholith
division of its body and minor 5. Kalam group
6. Dir group
intrusions.
7. Rakaposhi volcanic complex
Two-fold division: 8. Yasin group
9. Main Karakorum thrust
1) Early deformed pluton
2) Late Undeformed pluton
that cut the deformed
pluton.
Three Intrusions:
• To Hunza formation.
• To Ghizar formation
• To Jaglot group
 Components of KIA 1. Jijal complex
2. Amphibolite belt
Kalam group 3. Chilas complex
4. Kohistan batholith

Metasedimentary sequences that 5. Kalam group

represent remnants of crust. 6. Dir group
7. Rakaposhi volcanic
complex
It type section is exposed near 8. Yasin group
kalam and upper Swat comprises 9. Main Karakorum thrust
of quartzite, limestone and slates.

At its type section it is divided into

three groups:
1. Upper unit: Shou Quartzite
2. Middle unit: Deshan Banda
limestone
3. Lower unit: Karandoki slate
 Components of KIA 1. Jijal complex
2. Amphibolite belt
Dir group 3. Chilas complex
4. Kohistan batholith
The volcanic sedimentary 5. Kalam group
rocks enters from eastern 6. Dir group
Afghanistan to Bajaur, Dir 7. Rakaposhi volcanic
and upper swat are. complex
8. Yasin group
It has two units:
9. Main Karakorum thrust
1. Baraul banda slate
2. Utror volcanics
 Components of KIA 1. Jijal complex
2. Amphibolite belt
3. Chilas complex
Rakaposhi volcanic 4. Kohistan batholith
complex: 5. Kalam group
6. Dir group
It continues from eastern
Afghanistan and extend upto 7. Rakaposhi volcanic
Gilgit. complex
8. Yasin group
9. Main Karakorum thrust
It is thick oceanic crust about 3 to
4 km wide at Kohistan, ishkuman,
yasin vallys and hunza area.

It forms the highest outcrop of

ophiolite in the world (7800m).

The volcanic complex consist of

felsic to mafic rocks.
 Components of KIA 1. Jijal complex
2. Amphibolite belt
Yasin group 3. Chilas complex
4. Kohistan batholith
5. Kalam group
Youngest remnants of Tethys 6. Dir group
on northern edge of KIA. 7. Rakaposhi volcanic
complex
8. Yasin group
It has southern contact with 9. Main Karakorum thrust
Rakaposhi volcanic complex
and consist of felsic to mafic
igneous body.

Its westward extension at At

drosh and chatral area consist
of metamorphic rocks.
 Components of KIA 1. Jijal complex
Main Karakorum thrust
2. Amphibolite belt
3. Chilas complex
4. Kohistan batholith
5. Kalam group
6. Dir group
7. Rakaposhi volcanic complex
8. Yasin group
9. Main Karakorum
thrust
Thanks
Any Question ?