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3. Kawagarh Formation
1. Chichali Formation
Chichali term was introduced by Danichik 1961 and Danilchik et
al 1967 For;
Beleminites beds of Spatt 1939 and Gee 1945 in Surghar Range
Spiti Shale of Middlemiss 1896 and Cotter 1933 in Kalachitta
Range
Type Locality
Chichali Pass, Surghar Range (lat. 330 00’ 00’’ N and 700 25’
00’’ E)
Lithology
Sandstone+Shale
Over all formation having dark green, greenish grey, sandy silty,
weather rusty brown glauconitic sandstone and shale interbeds
Shale and sandstone have phosphatic nodules and pyrite, shale
may be carbonaceous at places.
Thickness/Distribution
Well distributed in Trans Indus Ranges, Kala Chitta Range, Hazara and Kohat
areas.
At type locality, thickness varies 55-70m
In western Kohat (Samana Range) 15-20m
In Kala Chitta Ranges 12-27m
Hazara area 33m
Fossils
Abundant beleminites, in sandstone, bivalves and ammonites are also
present.
Age
Early-Cretaceous
Contact
Lower: conformable with Samana Suk Formation
Upper: Gradational with Lumshiwal Formation
Environment of Deposition
Shallow Marine (Shelfal)
2. Lumshiwal Formation
Gee 1945 proposed the name Lumshiwal Sandstone
then Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan Formalized
the name Lumshiwal Formation for the;
Giumal Sanstone of Middlemiss 1896 and Cotter 1933
Mari Sanstone series of Davies 1930 at Hazara Kala
Chitta and Kohat area.
Type Locality/Section
Name derived from Lumshiwal Nala (lat. 320 05’ 00’’ N
and long. 710 09’ 00’’ E)
The type section lies 1km from Lumshiwal Nala by
Fatmi 1977.
Lithology
Shale+Sandstone+Limestone
At type locality
Shale: silty and sandy, glauconitic shale at the base
Sandstone: thick bedded, light grey, current bedded
sandstone, sandstone is feldspathic, ferruginous and
contains carbonaceous material in upper part
Samana, Hazara, Kala Chitta Ranges
Sandstone have interclation of Limestone; rusty brown and
sandty with abundant fossils of echinoderm and forams etc.
Thickness/Distribution
Trans Indus Ranges, Kala Chitta, Kohat, Hazara
Thickness at type locality 80-120m
Chichali pass 38m
Samana Range 194m
SE Hazara 50m
Fossils
Beleminites, ammonites, gastropods,
echinoderms, brachiopods etc.
Age
Middle Cretaceous
Contact
Lower: gradationla Chichali Formation
Environment of Deposition
Shallow Marine
3. Kawagarh Formation
The name was introduced by Day A. as Kawagarh Marl
Stratigarphic Committee of Pakistan approves it to be Kawagarh
Formation
Before that various workers has given various name at various
places as;
Sub-lithographic limestone in Samana Range by Davies 1930
Darsamand Limestone in W. Kohat by Fatmi and Khan 1966
Dunbar Limestone by Khan and Ahmad 1966; Sattu Limestone
by Calkins and Martin 1968; Chanali Limestone by Latif 1970, in
Hazara area.
Type Locality
After Kawagarh Hills, North of main Kala Chitta Range in Attock
district (lat 330 45’ 30’’ N and long. 700 28’ 30’’ E)
Lithology
At type locality
Consists of dark marl with calcareous shales weathers into
light grey, brownish grey and argillaceous limestone.
In Western Kohat
Formation is divisible into two member
Upper: Tsukail Tsuk Limestone
Named after Tsukail Tsuk Peak, North of Darsamand (lat. 330 28’ 33’’
N, long. 700 38’ 09’’ E)
A grey, sub-lithographic, thick bedded, escarpment forming,
limestone with common smaller forams.
Lower: Chalor Silli Member
Named after Chalor Silli Village, Samana range (lat. 330 26’ 25’’ N,
700 38’ 16’’ E)
A light grey, olive grey, lithographic to sub-lithographic, thin-medium
bedded limestone with subordinate calcareous shale and marl
interclation with smaller forams and rare ammonites.
In Eastern Kohat
Dolomitic limestone occurs at lower part
Hazara area
The formation is typically a thin to thick bedded limestone similar to W. Kohat but there is
another member;
Nara Sandstone Member:
Named after the village Nara, SE Hazara (lat. 350 59’ 00’’ N, long. 730 13’ 30’’ E)
Member having grey, brownish grey to dark grey, thick bedded, calcareous with some
limestone interbeds.
Thickness/Distribution
In eastern Kohat 70-90m
In western Kohat 110m
In Kala Chitta (type locality) 40-70m
Hazara varies 45-200m
Fossils
Small forams, corals, poorly preserved ammonoids
Age
Late Cretaceous
Contact
Lower: conformable with Lumshiwal Formation
Upper: disconformable with Hangu Formation
Environment of Deposition
Marine (Open)
Makarwal Group
As done in the Salt Range
--------------------------------------------
Eocene Stratigraphy of Kohat Area
(Cherat Group )
Includes the following formation
Kohat Formation
Kuldana Formation
Type Locality
Bahadhurkhel salt quarry (lat. 330 09’ 54’’ N, long. 700 59’ 53’’ E)
Lithology
Salt: white with black stringers at places
At other places: dark grey to black
Thickness/Distribution
Outcrop at Bahadhurkhel is about 12km in length and half km wide.
Thickness at type locality is 480m
Fossils
Only plant leaves
Age
Early Eocene (Superposition)
Contact
Lower: conformable with Patala Formation
Upper: conformable with Jatta Gypsum
Environment of Deposition
Evaporitic
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2. Jatta Gypsum
Jatta Gypsum by Meisner 1968
For upper part of Kohat series of Gee 1945
Type Locality
Jatta Gypsum quarry (lat. 330 18’ 00’’ N and long. 710 17’ 00’’
E)
Lithology
Gypsum: greenish, white in colour, massive bedded, hard
having interclation of clay of red, green at different intervals
Thickness/Distribution
Jatta Gypsum covers an area in southern kohat
about 130km long and 15-30km wide
Thickness ranges form 25-40m
Fossils
No fossil have been reported
Age
Early Eocene (due to superposition)
Environment of Deposition
Evaporitic
3. Panoba Shale
Term introduced by Eames 1952
Green clay by Wynne 1879
Green shale by Pascoe 1926
Green clay and sandstone by Gee 1934
Type Locality/Section
The section is exposed south of Panoba village (lat. 330 37’ 00’’
N and long. 710 35’ 00’’ E)
Lithology
Shale with subordinate sandstone
Shale: colour is olive green, greenish grey and calcareous towards base
Thickness/Distribution
Only confined to Kohat area
Thickness at type locality 100m, Tarkhobi 40m and Uch Bazar 160m
Fossils
Microfossils like ostracodes, forams, mollusks
Age
Early Eocene
Contact
Lower: conformable with Patala Formation
Upper: conformable with Sheikhan Formation
(Panoba Section)
unconformable with Kohat Formation
at Utch Bazar
Environment of Deposition
Shallow Marine
4. Sheikhan Formation
Sheikhan Limestone by Davies 1926
Gypsiferous beds of Eames 1952
Formalized by Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan as Sheikhan
Formation
Type Locality
The section is exposed in Sheikhan Nala (lat. 330 35’ 00’’ N and
long. 710 30’ 00’’ E)
Lithology
At type locality
Limestone with subordinate shale
Limestone is yellowish grey, thin bedded, nodular
Shale is gypsiferous at the top of the formation
At Panoba Section
Limestone with subordinate shale at lower part
While argillaceous limestone interclated with dusky brown shale with
gypsum beds near at top
Fossils
Forams, mollusks, echinoids, and corals
Age
Early Eocene
Contact
Lower: conformable with Panoba Shale
Environment of Deposition
Shallow Marine
5. Kuldana Formation
Kuldana beds by Wynne 1874
Kuldana series by Middlemiss 1896
Varigated shale by Pinfold 1918
Lower cherat by Eames 1952
Mamikhel Clay by Meisner 1968
Kuldana beds by Latif 1970
Formalized by Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan as Kuldana Formation
Type Locality
Village Kuldana at lat. 330 56’ N and long. 730 27’ E, north of Murree Hill
Station
Lithology
Shale; with crimson red, purple, brown buff, pale yellow in colour and marl;
with brown buff with few beds of gypsum and occasional beds of sandstone,
limesotne conglomerate with little dolomite
Hazara area
Formation is mainly composed of Shale and Marl
Kala Chitta
Mainly shale
Kohat Area
Predominantly limestone, sandstone, dolomite
Thickness/Distribution
Hazara, Kala Chitta, Kohat area; 150m
Fossils
Forams, gastropods, bivalves, vertebrate fossils
Age
Early to Middle Eocene
Contact
Lower: conformable with Sheikhan Formation
Upper: conformable with Kohat Limestone
Environment of Deposition
Shallow Marine
6. Kohat Formation
Eames 1952 named this formation as Kohat Shales and divided
it into three units as’
Nummulitic Shales
Kohat Limestone
Sirki Shales
Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan approved this formation to
be Kohat Formation with three subdivision of Meisner as;
Kaladandh Member
Sadkal Member
Habib Rahi Member
Type Locality
Kohat-Khushalgarh Highway at lat. 330 27’ N and long. 710 35’
E.
Lithology
Subordinatng Limestone and shale
b. Sadkal Member
Middle one, having shale greenish grey, calcareous with subordinate
limestone.
Thickness/Distribution
130m at Utch Bazar, 50m Mamikhel, 170m at Chilli Bagh.
Fossils
Forams abundant, mollusks
Age
Early to middle Eocence
Contact
Lower: conformable with Kuldana Formation
Environment of Deposition
Shallow Marine (Shelfal)
Rawalpindi Group of Miocene age, Siwalik Group
of Pliocene age and Lei conglomerate has
already been discuss in detail
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