Business Mathematics

Evaluation criteria
• Mid Term (15th November , 2021) = 30 marks
• Final Term (24th of January, 2022) = 50 marks

• 20 Marks assessment:
a) Quizzes (15 marks)
• 1st Quiz (5 marks) : 10th – 16th Oct, 2021
• 2nd Quiz (5 marks) : 07th – 13th Nov, 2021
• 3rd Quiz (5 marks) : 05th – 11th Dec, 2021
b) Class participation (5 marks)
Real numbers
• Real numbers are any numbers that are on number line.
Integers
• All positive and negative whole numbers are integers.
Athematic vocabulary
Result of addition
SUM
Result of subtraction
DIFFERENCE
Result of multiplication
PRODUCT
Result of Division
QUOTIENT
Some additional vocabulary
Properties of Real numbers
• Commutative Property

• Associative Property
Properties of Real numbers (continued)
• Distributive Property

• Property of 1 & 0
Sign Rules
• Sign Rule of Multiplication

• Sign Rule of Division

Absolute Value
• The Absolute value of a number gives the distance of the number
from the origin.
Order of Operations
• Mathematical grouping :

i. Parentheses ( ).

ii. Straight brackets [ ].

iii. Square root sign.

iv. Long fraction Bar.

v. Exponent slot.
Orders of Operations
• GEMDAS

• G = Grouping symbols.

• E = Exponents.

• Multiplication & Divisions.

• Addition & Subtraction.

Fractions
• A fraction represents part of a whole.
Properties of fractions
1. Fractions with a denominator of 1:

2. Fractions involving zero:

Properties of fractions (continued)
3. Fraction of the form n/n:

4. Reciprocals:
Properties of fractions (continued)
4a. The product of any fraction with its reciprocal equals 1:

4b. The reciprocal of any positive integer is simply 1 divided by that

integer:
Properties of fractions (continued)
4c. One divided by any fraction equals the reciprocal of that fraction

4d. If a number is bigger than 1, then its reciprocal is smaller, i.e.,

between 0 & 1
AND
If a number is between 0 & 1, then it’s reciprocal is larger than 1.
Properties of fractions (continued)
5. Always cancel before you multiple, i.e., Always make the number
smaller before you make it bigger:

6. Multiplying a fraction by its denominator:

Properties of fractions (continued)
7. Addition or subtraction in the numerators or denominators:

7a. We can separate a fraction into two fractions by addition or

subtraction in the numerator.

7b. We can not separate a fraction into two fraction by addition or

subtraction in the denominator.
Properties of fractions (continued)
7c. If we have addition or subtraction in both the numerator and
denominator, we can split up the numerator, but the denominator must
stay unchanged.
Percentage
• Implication of multiplier of percentage.

• Rules of percentage calculation via multiplier.

Types of percentage calculations
• Simple percentage or unknown value calculation:
• Percentage increase:
• Percentage decrease:
• Finding percentage:
• Sequential percentage change calculation .
Simple percentage or unknown value calculation:

• What is 80 % of 200?

• 240 is 30 % of which number?

• 56 is what percentage of 800?

Simple percentage or unknown value calculation:
(continued)
• What is 60 % of 60?

• 52 is 40 % of which number?

• 18 is what percentage of 45?

• What is 50% of 128?

Percentage increase:

• Multiplier calculation for percentage increase is ;

1+ (% in decimal) = multiplier of increase

Percentage increase:
(continued)
• An item costs Rs. 800. The price is increased by 20 %. What is the
new price?

• After a 30 % increase, the price of an item is Rs. 78. What was the
initial price?
Percentage decrease
• Multiplier calculation for percentage decrease is ;

1 - (% in decimal) = multiplier of decrease

Percentage decrease
(continued)
• A Rs. 170 item is discounted 30 %, what is the new price?

• After an item was discounted 80%, the new price is Rs. 150. What was
the original price?
Finding percentage
• The price of an item increased from Rs. 60 to Rs. 102. What was the
percentage increase?

• The price of an item decreased from Rs. 250 to Rs. 200. What was the
percentage decrease?
Finding percentage
(continued)
• The price of an item increase from Rs. 200 to Rs. 800. What was the
percentage increase?
Sequential percentage increase
• An item initially costed Rs. 100. At the beginning of the year, the price
increased 30 %. After increase, an employee purchased it with 30 %
discount . What price did the employee pay?
Sequential percentage increase
(continued)
• At the beginning of the year the price of an item increased 30 %.
After the increase, an employee purchased it with a 40 % discount.
The price the employee paid was what percentage below the original
price?
Sequential percentage increase
(continued)
• The price of stock increased 20% in January , dropped 50 % in
February and increased 40 % in March. Find the percentage change
for the three-month period.