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Metamorphic rocks are formed by:
• Regional metamorphism
–Involves mostly pressure
• Contact metamorphism
–Involves mostly heat
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Metamorphism by Pressure
What do you think causes enough
pressure to metamorphose miles of
rock?
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Causes flattening of mineral
crystals
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Metamorphism by Pressure
• Pressure often causes realignment
of intergrown mineral crystals
– Called banding
– Or foliation
foliation
banding
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Banding
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Foliation
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Regional Metamorphism
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Large-scale
metamorphism
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Metamorphism by Heat
Known as contact metamorphism
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Contact Metamorphism
• Also known as thermal metamorphism
– Creates baked rock
• ex. hornfels
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Contact Metamorphism
• Igneous intrusion
–Where molten rock is forced
between existing rock
–Tends to bake (metamorphose)
part of the existing rock
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Increasing degrees of metamorphism
Rocks
melt
in
this
range
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Composition of metamorphic rock is
determined by:
• Conditions of metamorphism
• Mineralogy of parent (original)
rock
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Great heat and pressure
limestone marble
(small crystals) (large crystals)
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shale slate
In this example the minerals in shale
actually change into other
minerals during metamorphosis
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• Some metamorphic rocks
can form from several
different parent rocks
–Ex. Gneiss may form from
sandstone, shale or granite
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Where can you find this image?
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When sandstone is subjected to heat and or
pressure it becomes what?
Igneous/metamorphic sedimentary
banding/foliation?
s no
ye
metamorphic igneous
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Rocks
• All rocks are classified on the basis of
how they formed
– Sedimentary rocks form from bits and
pieces of existing rock
– Igneous rocks form from molten minerals
– Metamorphic rocks form from existing
rocks that are changed by heat and/or
pressure
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Rock Cycle
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Rock Cycle
• Nearly all rocks are formed from other
rocks
• Exceptions include
– coal
– Fossil limestone
• Some rocks exist for thousands to
billions of years before undergoing
change
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