Vanadium Removal from Drinking Water

Preliminary investigations for the development

of a treatment technology

Study Project
Maham Azam

February, 2019
Background
Introduction

 Carcinogenic ,
Mutagenic
 Found: 20 – 30 μg/L
 Guide value : 4 μg/L

2
 Background
Literature review

Adsorption onto Granulated iron hydroxide (GEH)

Adsorption onto anion exchangers

Flocculation filtration / sedimentation

3
Background
Scope
Sorption
performance of Pre-treatment
IEX and GEH

Design Sorption
experiments Isotherms

Prediction of
operating times
of sorption
columns
4
Theory
Ion Exchange

Vanadium (V) exists as vanadate anions H2VO4- and HVO42- in aqueous solutions in neutral pH range

5
Theory
Equilibrium

Isotherms

6
Methodology
Selection of Ion exchangers and their properties
S106 MP62 IRA67
WBA

Epoxy Polystyrene Acrylic gel

Hexavalent chromium Demineralisation and Organic matter
ions removal NOM removal

A33E
Polystyrene DW630
impregnated with iron Polystyrene
oxide
SBA

Uranium and NOM

Arsenic removal

A600E
Gel polystyrene
Demineralisation and
silica removal
Purolite Lanxess Dow
7
Methodology
Pre-treatment

• To eliminate production related impurities

• To convert to required ionic form
• To move trace leachables from new resin
• To allow for swelling
• Alternative washing with HCl and NaOH
• Intermittent rinsing with water until pH
neutralized
• 3 swell-shrink cycles

SBA WBA A33E & GEH

Cl- OH- Allowed to swell in
form form demin water only

8
Methodology
Pre-treatment

Changes in bed volume and colour observed with alternating rinses

9
Methodology
Pre-treatment

Pre-treated and centrifuged ion exchangers

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 Methodology 100
Experiment design 90
80
70
    model chosen 60
qmax 90 800

q
[µg/g] 50
40
KL [l/µg] 0.1 0.08 30
c0 [µg/L] 1000 100 20
10
L [L] 4 0.25 0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
c

m [g] 0.05,0.1,0.16 0.05,0.15,0.3,

,0.25,0.4,1 0.5,1,2 800

700

600

500
q 400

300

200

100

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
c

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Methodology
Experiment design – first trial
Isotherm - IRA 67
120

qeq [µg/g]
mIEX [g] pHeq 100

0.0504 7.59
80
0.1007 7.35
60
0.3003 7.46
0.5000 7.57 40
1.0015 7.77
20
2.0085 8.01
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
c [µg/l]

 Further experiments were conducted with 20 [mmol/L] Imidazol/HCl buffer.

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 Methodology
Buffer addition

8.0 IRA 67 pH comparison

7.9
7.8
7.7
pH

7.6 pH comparison after buffer addition

7.5
8.0
7.4
7.3 with buffer
7.9
7.2 without buffer
7.1 7.8
7.0 MP62
7.7 DW630
pH

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2

m [g] A600E
7.6
S106
7.5 A33E
IRA67
7.4

7.3

7.2

7.1

7.0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
m [g]

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 Results
Isotherms Comparison
1600

1400
qeq [µg/g]

A600
1200 E
A33E
DW63
1000
0
IRA67
800 MP62
S106
600 GEH

400

200

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
ceq [µg/l]

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 Results
Isotherms
IRA 67 MP 62 S106
100 30 500
80 25
400
20
60 300
15
40 200
10
20 5 100
0 0 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
DW 630 A33E
140 700 A600E
600 100
120
100 500 80
80 400
300 60
60
200 40
40
100
20 0 20
0
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
qeq [μg/g] vs ceq [μg/L] 15
Results
Isotherms

DW 630 A33E
140 700
120 600
100 500
80 400
60 300
40 200
100
20
0
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
A600E 700
GEH
100
600
80 500
60 400
300
40 200
20 100
0
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90100

qeq [μg/g] vs ceq [μg/L] 16

 Results
Isotherms

S106 (2) A33E (2) GEH (2)

600
500
800 400
800 300
200
400 400
100
0 0
1 1 2 2 3 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00

qeq [μg/g] vs ceq [μg/L] 17

 Results
Residual Concentrations
residual concentration [μg/L]

100.0

90.0

80.0

70.0

60.0

50.0

40.0

30.0

20.0

10.0

0.0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

A33E GEH S106 IRA67 DW630 A600E MP62

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Outlook
Further Experimentation and Calculations

S106 IRA67
ceq [μg/L] 30 30
qeq [μg/g] 1460 55
ρ [g/L] 700 700
BV - 34067 1283
Q [BV/h] 20 20
tb [days] 71 3

 Repeat experiments for S106, A33E and GEH with greater V/m ratio
 Investigation of sorption influencing parameters like pH, concentration of
sulfates, phosphates
 Column experiments

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Thank you

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