EAS

Ma’ruf Bintang Dwi Cahyo

02211940000190
APD Q
Problems
Due to its hydrophilic tendencies, the modification of cellulose nanocrystals
(CNCs) is needed for applying as a hydrophobic drug carrier. Natural
surfactants, such as rarasaponins (RSs), are suitable to avoid human health and
environmental issues. In this work, RSs were attached onto CNCs from bamboo
shoots (BSs) to enhance their hydrophobicity. The initial RSs concentration
(ppm) and the operating temperature (ᵒC) were studied to obtain the best
condition of the modification process, which had significances (p-value < 5%)
toward the amount of RSs-linked on the CNCs (mg/g) as the response.
 Data
The amount of RSs-linked on the CNCs(mg/g)

Temperature(C°) Conc RSs(ppm) Run 1 Run 2 Run 3

30 1000 157.17 159,84 157,75

30 2000 202,91 203,82 205,1

30 3000 189,98 190,73 192,45

45 1000 149,42 146,89 146,25

45 2000 196,27 197,92 197,23

45 3000 178,49 180,95 181,18

60 1000 118,69 119,89 122,97

60 2000 180,72 180,74 182,81

60 3000 162,02 163,72 165,91

A.Recognize and State The Problem
• A.Which is the best temperature in order to get the best modification?
• B.Which is the best RSs Concentration in order to get the best modification?
• C.The best condition for the factors to go well with human health
B. Choose The Factor,Level,and Range
• The factor in this problem is temperature,RSs concentration.
• There are 3 level for the amount of RSs linked to the CNCs which is run 1,run
2,run 3.
• There are 3 level for the temperature which is 30,45,60
• There are 3 level for the RSs concentration which is 1000,2000,3000
• From the data after the experiment we can know Range is
R = Xmax – Xmin
R = 205,1 – 118,69 = 86,41
C. Select the response
• From the data after the experiment we can know that the from the variable we
can know the average and the standard deviation,so we can know that which
temperature and RSs concentration for the best modification.
D. Choose the experimental design
• Experimenting using each RSs concentration and each temperature to know
the best modification that is goes well with human health
E. Analyze the data by statistical Analysis, if
the results (battery life in days) as follows
• Make a descriptive analysis of your data. Please explain! Construct a 95%
confidence interval on the difference in mean battery life measurements for
three temperaute
• First, open the Data Analysis, and then open descriptive statistics. Select the
range input and output, check the coloumn, summary statistcs, and confidence
level of mean. Click OK.
 Run 1   Run 2   Run 3  

Mean 170,63 Mean 171,61 Mean 172,4056

Standard Standard Standard
Error 8,850886 Error 8,94166 Error 8,864072
Median 178,49 Median 180,74 Median 181,18
Mode #N/A Mode #N/A Mode #N/A
Standard Standard Standard
Deviation 26,55266 Deviation 26,82498 Deviation 26,59222
Sample Sample Sample
Variance 705,0437 Variance 719,5796 Variance 707,146
Kurtosis 0,38115 Kurtosis 0,222624 Kurtosis -0,18447
Skewness -0,8026 Skewness -0,79202 Skewness -0,70106
Range 84,22 Range 84,02 Range 82,13
Minimum 118,69 Minimum 119,89 Minimum 122,97
Maximum 202,91 Maximum 203,91 Maximum 205,1
Sum 1535,67 Sum 1544,49 Sum 1551,65
Count 9 Count 9 Count 9
Confidenc Confidenc
Confidence e e
Level(95,0% Level(95, Level(95,
) 20,41018 0%) 20,61951 0%) 20,44059
E.2 Make a descriptive analysis of your data. Please explain!
Construct a 95% confidence interval on the difference in mean
battery life measurements for three Temperature studied.
Run 1   Run 2   Run 3  

Mean 170,63 Mean 171,61 Mean 172,4056

Standard Standard Standard
Error 8,850886 Error 8,94166 Error 8,864072
Median 178,49 Median 180,74 Median 181,18
Mode #N/A Mode #N/A Mode #N/A
Standard Standard Standard
Deviation 26,55266 Deviation 26,82498 Deviation 26,59222
Sample Sample Sample
Variance 705,0437 Variance 719,5796 Variance 707,146
Kurtosis 0,38115 Kurtosis 0,222624 Kurtosis -0,18447
Skewness -0,8026 Skewness -0,79202 Skewness -0,70106
Range 84,22 Range 84,02 Range 82,13
Minimum 118,69 Minimum 119,89 Minimum 122,97
Maximum 202,91 Maximum 203,91 Maximum 205,1
Sum 1535,67 Sum 1544,49 Sum 1551,65
Count 9 Count 9 Count 9
Confidenc Confidenc
Confidence e e
Level(95,0% Level(95, Level(95,
) 20,41018 0%) 20,61951 0%) 20,44059
F.Please make a conclusion and
recommendation (The optimal conditions)
• We can know the mean of the data by using the “descriptive analysis”on the
data analysis on excel.
E.3 Make a chart to show your data (average
and standard deviation). Please explain

Mean Standard Deviation

170,63 26,55266
171,61 26,82498
172,4056 26,59222
• Select the data,and then click insert,then choose the chart
• The chart will be appeared like this depend on the model of the chart that you
want.
Standard Deviation VS Avarage
26.85
26.8
26.75
26.7
26.65
26.6
26.55
26.5
26.45
26.4
170.4 170.6 170.8 171 171.2 171.4 171.6 171.8 172 172.2 172.4 172.6
E.4 Construct normal probability plots.
Please explain
Normal Probability Plot
250

200

150
Y

100

50

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Sample Percentile
• We can use data analysis and then “regression” then check the normal probility
plot,and then click ok,the data will show you graphic in the slide 12.
E.5 Find the P-value. Please explain!
• Open data analysis, select anova two factor with replication, select the input
range,fill the row per sample,then click OK.the data will be shown like that.

ANOVA
Source of
Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
Sample 3980,02 2 1990,01 2,741887 0,091315 3,554557
Columns 14,23772 2 7,118859 0,009809 0,990245 3,554557
Interactio
n 10,06859 4 2,517148 0,003468 0,999973 2,927744
Within 13064,06 18 725,7814

Total 17068,39 26        
E.6 Find the model equation. Please
explain!
• From the chart click the (+) icon then choose trendline,the more options in the
arrow,and choose any line,check the display equation.

Standard Deviation VS Avarage

26.85
26.8
26.75
26.7
26.65 f(x) = 0.03 x + 21.16
R² = 0.04
26.6
26.55
26.5
26.45
26.4
170.4 170.6 170.8 171 171.2 171.4 171.6 171.8 172 172.2 172.4 172.6
F. Please make a conclusion and
recommendation (The optimal conditions)
• The conclusion is that from the all data that we got,the best temperature to run
the best modification 60.and the best RNs coonccentration to run the best
modification is 2000