Lesson 1.

3
Animal Reproduction and Development:
Human Reproductive Systems
Instructor: Ma. Christine E. Ibay

Department of Biological Sciences

College of Arts and Sciences
Visayas State University
Visca, Baybay City, Leyte, Philippines
Learning Objectives

1. List the male reproductive structures and their functions.

2. List the female reproductive structures and their functions.

3. Outline the paths or routes the sperm and egg must follow
for fertilization to occur.

4. Differentiate the male and female reproductive systems.

Learning Activity
Instruction: Listed on
the side are different
terms associated with
the human
reproductive system.
Write each word in the
appropriate column to
indicate whether they
are part of the male or
female reproductive
system or both.
Gonads, primary sex organs (e.g. ovaries and testes)

1. It secretes several different sex hormones.

2. To produce sex cells called gametes.

Gametogenesis, the development of haploid cells into

gametes.

Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis are the processes of

formation of male and female gametes.
Human male gonads are
called testes (testicles) –
make and store millions of
tiny sperm cells.
It makes hormones like
testosterone.

Scrotum – pouch of loose

skin.

Repositioning of testes is
essential to keep it at lower
temperature to maximize
sperm production.
 Epididymis – sperms are
temporarily stored while
they continue to
develop.

Vas deferens or sperm

duct.

Along the route, several

glands add secretions to
the developing sperm as
they make their way
through the reproductive
system’s ducts.
https://cdn.citl.illinois.edu/courses/CHLH206/ch3_4_anatomy_lecture/images/objects/obj18-4.jpg
 Seminal vesicle – glands that
secrete mucus and fructose
(energy source).

https://i.stack.imgur.com/YXOoA.jpg
 Seminal vesicle – glands that
secrete mucus and fructose
(energy source).

Prostate gland – secretes a thin,

milky white fluid into the
urethra and contains nutrients.

https://i.stack.imgur.com/YXOoA.jpg
 Seminal vesicle – glands that
secrete mucus and fructose
(energy source).

Prostate gland – secretes a thin,

milky white fluid into the
urethra and contains nutrients.

Bulbourethral glands – secretes

alkaline mucus that neutralizes
any acidic urine present in
urethra and also produces
viscous secretion (pre-ejaculate
Spermatozoa in body temperature -lubricants)
survive for more than 48 hours.
https://teachmeanatomy.info/wp-content/uploads/Anatomical-Position-of-the-Bulbourethral-
Glands.jpg
Sperm and secretions of
various glands make up the
semen (fluid released during
ejaculation).

About 5% of semen consists

of sperm (200 – 500 million
per ejaculation).
The remaining 95% of semen
are secretions from the glands
mentioned.

During ejaculation, semen https://www.plannedparenthood.org/uploads/filer_public_thumbnails/filer_public/95/f9/95f96313-

e0aa-414c-85c5-d59750db6b0b/uncirc_penis.png__800x600_q75_subsampling-2.jpg
https://www.plannedparenthood.org/uploads/filer_public_thumbnails/filer_public/c2/26/c2
266d8f-b604-4f88-ad79-179ae79a9690/circ_penis.png__800x600_q75_subsampling-2.jpg

exits the male body through

the urethra.
 The penis is made up of two chambers called
the corpora cavernosa, which run the length
of an organ and contain a maze of blood
vessels shaped like cavernous spaces
(sponge).

https://www.clevelandclinic.org/healthinfo/ShowImage.ashx?PIC=4060&width=400
https://teachmeanatomy.info/wp-content/uploads/Anatomy-of-the-Vulva-Labia-Clitoris-Mons-Pubis.png
 Vulva (pudendum) – female external
genitalia.

Mons pubis – a subcutaneous fat pad

formed by the fusion of labia majora. labium majus

Labia majora – two hair-bearing external

skin folds
labium minus
Labia minora – two hairless folds of skin
and forms the hood of clitoris

Clitoris – formed of erectile corpora

cavernosa tissue

https://teachmeanatomy.info/wp-content/uploads/Anatomy-of-the-Vulva-Labia-Clitoris-Mons-Pubis.png
 Urethra, only serves as a
passageway for urine from the
bladder.
Women have shorter urethra.

https://img.webmd.com/dtmcms/live/webmd/consumer_assets/site_images/articles/image_article_collections/anatomy_pages/vagina_new.jpg https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/akhassets/Urethral_prolapse_MED_ILL_EN.png?RenditionID=10
 Ovaries, female gonads that produce
gametes and female sex hormones.

The ovaries release an egg into the

fallopian tubes (Ovulation).

The oviducts are not attached to the

ovary directly.

Uterus (womb) – has thick walls and is

composed of some of the most
powerful muscles in the human body.

Endometrium – internal surface lining

where embryo implants and develops.
https://images.everydayhealth.com/images/sexual-health/female-reproductive-system-722x406.jpg?w=1110