Calculus 1

MTH 101
Lecture # 03
PRELIMINARIES
Circle and Parabolas

Zertaisha Nasir
Mathematics Department,
COMSATS university Islamabad, Wah Campus.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1qaNeYl8IsD_3BGeQtZFr8N8Li
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Review Of Previous Lecture:
 Cartesian coordinates in the plane
 Increments and straight lines
 Slope
 Equation of line
 Point slope form of equation
 Slope intercept form of equation
 Parallel and perpendicular lines
Topics To Be Covered:
 Distance in the plane
 Circles in the plane
 Parabolas
 DISTANCE IN THE PLANE:
The distance between points in the plane is calculated with a formula that comes
from the Pythagorean theorem.
Example 4: Calculating Distance

Solution:

𝑑=¿
 
 CIRCLE IN THE PLANE:
a circle of radius a is the set of all points P(x, y) whose distance from some center C(h, k)
equals a.
From the distance formula, P lies on the circle if and only if

Equation (1) is the standard equation of a circle with center (h, k)

and radius a.

 • The circle of radius and centered at the origin is the unit circle
with equation

• The points (x, y) satisfying the inequality

make up the interior region of the circle with center (h, k) and radius a.
• The circle’s exterior consists of the points (x, y) satisfying
Example 5:
(a) The standard equation for the circle of radius 2 centered at (3, 4) is

(b) The circle

Example 6: Finding a Circle’s Center and Radius
Find the center and radius of the circle

Solution: We convert the equation to standard form by completing the squares in x and y:
 PARABOLAS:
 • The graph of the equation is a parabola.
  • The parabola opens upward if
  • The parabola opens downward if

2𝑎
𝑏
 𝑎> 0

𝑥=−
 
 𝑎< 0
vertex

  • The axis of symmetry is the line

 • The vertex of the parabola is the point where the axis and parabola
intersect. Its x-coordinate is , its y-coordinate is found by
substituting in the parabola’s equation.
 • The graph of an equation of the form is a parabola whose
axis (axis of symmetry) is the y-axis.
• The parabola’s vertex (point where the parabola and axis
cross) lies at the origin.
  • The larger the value of the narrower the parabola.
•  The graph of is a shifted and scaled version of the parabola .
Example 4:
:

Solution:
  The y-intercept are where .
Example 5:   Graph the equation

Solution:
 
𝑎=2
  , 𝑏=4 , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 =5

  Since , the parabola opens upward.

  𝑏 4
𝑥=− =− =− 1
2𝑎 2(2)

2
 𝑦=2 (− 1) +4 (− 1 ) +5=3  
 
  The vertex is .

  =0
  no real factors of this equation, the parabola has no .

  The y-intercept are where .

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1jTvNDTPYotRkbyfMgTNzAMFrzd-B6IWH/view?
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