PRE-CALCULUS

1-2
AUG. 28-SEPT 4, 2020

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Lesson 1: CIRCLES
I. Introduction:
Conic section was an interesting subject among ancient Greek
mathematicians. Its practical applications can be observed not only in daily activities
in which we encounter circular motions and their uses but also in the universal
movements of planetary objects that follow elliptical revolutions. Its concepts are also
present not only on mega parabolic structures like bridges but also in atomic particles
that follow hyperbolic path.

II. Learning Competencies/Objectives:

The learner will be able to:

1. Illustrate the different types of conic sections – parabola, ellipse, circle,

hyperbola, and degenerate case;
2. Define circle;
3. Determine the standard form of equation of a circle; and
4. Graph a circle in a rectangular coordinate system.

III. Pre-Assessment

A. Determine the type conic section shown below.

1. ____________ 2. ____________

3. ____________ 4. ____________

B. Identify the concept or term base on the given definition. Write your
answer on the space provided before each number.

_____________1. A line that intersects a circle in two points

_____________2. A line that intersects a circle in exactly one point.

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_____________3. Two or more circles that have the same center, but different
radii.
_____________4. The distance from the center of the circle to its outer rim.
_____________5. A geometrical shape where the set of all points in the plane
that are the same distance away from a specific point, called
the center.
_____________6. A line segment whose endpoints are on a circle.
_____________7. Two or more circles that intersect at one point.
_____________8. Two or more circles with the same radius, but different
centers.
_____________9. The point where a tangent line touches the circle.
_____________10. A chord that passes through the center of the circle. The
length of a diameter is two times the length of a radius.

IV. Activities

A. Determine whether each equation represents a circle, a point circle, or has

no graph.

__________1. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 8𝑥 + 15 = 0
__________2. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 87𝑥 + 5𝑦 + 16 = 0
__________3. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 − 6𝑦 + 12 = 0
__________4. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 + 12𝑦 − 40 = 0
__________5. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 − 5 = 0

B. Write the equation of a circle in general form given its center and radius.
Then, draw its graph on a separate paper.

1. Center (-3, -2), radius = 4

2. Center (-4, 6), radius = 5
3. Center (2, -4), radius = 5
4. Center (-1, 2), radius = 3
5. Center (-2, -4), radius = 4
6. Center (1, 2), radius = radius = 2
5
7. Center (1, -2), radius =
2
1
8. Center (− , 4), radius = 2√2
2
9. Center (-2, -4), radius = 2√10
√441
10. Center (1, 0), radius =
5

C. Determine the center and radius of each circle in general form. Then draw
its graph on a separate paper.

1. 𝑥2 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 4 = 0
2. 𝑥2 + 𝑦 2 − 10𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 0
3. 𝑥2 + 𝑦 2 + 4𝑥 − 6𝑦 − 12 = 0
4. 𝑥2 + 𝑦 2 − 10𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 0
5. 𝑥2 + 𝑦 2 + 12𝑥 − 12𝑦 + 36 = 0
6. 𝑥2 + 𝑦 2 − 10𝑥 − 12𝑦 − 3 = 0
7. 𝑥2 + 𝑦 2 − 14𝑥 − 12𝑦 + 59 = 0

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 8. 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 − 17𝑥 = 0
9. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 32 = 0
10. 8𝑥 2 + 8𝑦 2 − 20𝑥 + 64𝑦 − 371 = 0

V. Summary

Conic section (or simply conic) is a curve formed by the intersection of a plane
and a double right circular cone. A conic is a set of points whose distances from
a fixed point is in constant ratio to their distances from a fixed line that is not
passing through the fixed point.

Three Types of Conics:

1. Parabola – the curve is parabola if the cutting plane is parallel to one and
only generator.
2. Ellipse – the curve is an ellipse if the cutting plane is not parallel to any
generator.
3. Hyperbola – the curve is a hyperbola if the cutting plane is parallel to two
generators.

Elements of Conic Section:

i. Focus (F) – the fixed point of the conic
ii. Directrix (d) – the fixed line “d” corresponding to the focus
iii. Principal Axis (a) – the line that passes through the focus and
perpendicular to the directrix. Every conic is symmetric with respect
to its principal axis.
iv. Vertex (V) – the point of intersection of the conic and its principal
axis.
v. Eccentricity (e) - the constant ratio.

𝐹𝑃
𝑒=| |
𝑄𝑂

A circle is a set of all coplanar points such that the distance from a fixed point
is constant. The fixed point is called the center of the circle and the constant
distance from the center is called the radius of the circle.
The standard form of the equation of a circle, whose center is at origin with
radius r, is 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑟 2.

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VI. Summative Assessment

A. Determine the standard form of equation of the circle, given its center and
radius. Draw its graph.

1. Center (3, -2), radius = 4

2. Center (6, 5), radius = 8
3. Center (-12, -7), radius = 11
5 2
4. Center (− 7, ), radius = 5
7
5. Center (6, 3), radius = √20

B. Find the equation of the circle determined by the given conditions.

1. The center of the circle is at (-3, 7) and goes through the origin.
2. The center of the circle is at (7, 4) and goes through the point (4, 8).
3. The circle passes through the origin, and contains the points (0, 5) and
(3, 3).
4. A triangle whose sides lie on the lines 3x + 4y = −8, 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 32, and
x − 8 = 0 inscribed the circle.
5. The circle passes through the points of intersection of the circles
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 5 = 0 and 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 4 = 0.

C. Solve the following problems.

1. Determine whether the points (13, 3), (9, 10), (2, 13), and (-4, -5) are
inside the circle, on the circle, or outside the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 + 6𝑦 +
3 = 0.
2. The center of a circle is in the second quadrant of the Cartesian plane
and is tangent to both the x- and y-axis. Its radius is 2. Find the equation
of the circle in general form.

VII. References

Greenberg, D., Jordan, L., Gloag, A., et. al. (2019). Parts of Circles. c-K12,
retrieved from https://www.ck12.org/geometry/parts-of-
circles/lesson/Parts-of-Circles-BSC-GEOM/

Orines, F.B. (2016). Next Century Mathematics – Precalculus.

Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

University of Cambridge. (2016). Conic sections in real life. Underground

Mathematics, retrieved from https://undergroundmathematics.org/
circles/conic-sections-in-real-life

Prepared by:
Engr. HLBFerrer

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