Pre-Calculus

9 - 12
Oct. 19 – Nov. 20,2020
Lesson 3: Ellipse
Lesson 4: Hyperbola
I. Introduction
Ellipse concepts are found in astronomy. Planets move in elliptical orbits. The concept of
ellipse is also used in engineering designs such as elliptical roads; in architectural designs
such as ceilings of churches and galleries; in arts such as logo designs; and in medicine such
as medical equipment. An example of a medical equipment is the lithotripter, a device used
to treat kidney and gall stones without open surgery.
Models of hyperbola occur in science, business and economics. For example, some comets
orbit in hyperbolic path, pass through the solar system once and never return; reflexive
properties of hyperbola are used in photo instrument designs such as the Hubble Space
Telescope which uses hyperbolic mirror.
II. Learning Competencies/Objectives
The learner will be able to:
1. Define an ellipse and a hyperbola;
2. Determine the standard from of equation of an ellipse and hyperbola; and
3. Graph an ellipse and a hyperbola in a rectangular coordinate system;
III. Pre-Assessment
Tell whether the given equation is an ellipse or hyperbola.
1. 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 − 13 = 0
2. 64𝑥 2 − 36𝑦 2 − 128𝑥 − 36𝑦 + 631 = 0
𝑥2 𝑦2
3. + =1
16 9
4. 9𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 + 18𝑥 − 8𝑦 − 131 = 0
5. 49𝑥 2 + 25𝑦 2 − 1225 = 0
6. 4𝑥 2 + 9𝑦 2 − 24𝑥 − 72𝑦 + 144 = 0
7. 5𝑥 2 − 3𝑦 2 − 20 = 0
8. 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 − 13 = 0
9. 𝑥 2 − 4𝑦 2 − 12 = 0
10. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 − 13 = 0
IV. Activities
Activity 1: Find the coordinates of the foci and vertices, the endpoints of the major axis,
minor axis and the latus rectum for each ellipse. Draw the ellipse, its foci, vertices and
directrices.

Activity 2: Write the equation of the ellipse with the center at the origin that satisfies the
given conditions. Draw the ellipse, its foci and directrices.
1. The foci have the coordinates (0,4) and (0, -4), and a vertex at (0, -5)
4
2. An endpoint of latus rectum is (5, √5) and the vertices have coordinates (0,3) and
(0,-3).
3. The endpoints of the major axis are (0,-4) and (0,4) and the endpoints of the minor
axis are (-1,0) and (1,0).

MODULE IN PRE-CALCULUS 2
 Activity 3: Find the coordinates of the foci and vertices, the endpoints of the transverse axis,
conjugate axis, and latus rectum for each hyperbola, whose center is at the origin. Draw the
hyperbola and its directrices.

Activity 4: Write the equation of the hyperbola in standard form that satisfies the given
conditions. Then draw the hyperbola.
1. The center is at (2,4) a vertex is at (-11,4) and the length of the minor axis is 24.
2. The center is at (0,2), a vertex is at (0,6) and a focus is at (0,10).
3. The foci are at (-3,-1) and (7,-1) the length of conjugate axis is 6.
Activity 5
Instructions:
1. Take a 3-minute video of yourself solving the following equation of an ellipse, center
is at the origin.

2. Choose only one equation.

a. You must wear semi formal attire.
b. Use whiteboard and marker to show how you solve your chosen equation.
c. You must introduce yourself first.
d. At least half of the body can be seen in the video.
e. Speaking in English is required.
f. Create your own procedure/steps in doing the tasks.
Rubrics:
Explanation: 20
Physical Attire: 10
Accuracy: 10
Presentation: 10
Total - 50
V. Summary
• Ellipse is a set of all coplanar points such that the sum of its distances from two fixed
points is constant.
• Eccentricity measure the degree of flatness of an ellipse. The eccentricity of an ellipse
should be less than 1.
• Focal chord is any chord of the ellipse passing through the focus.
• Major axis is the segment cut by the ellipse on the line containing the foci a segment
joining the vertices of an ellipse
• Vertices are the endpoints of the major axis and denoted by 2a.
• Latus rectum or latera recta in plural form is the segment cut by the ellipse passing
through the foci and perpendicular to the major axis. Each of the latus rectum can be
determined by: LR = 2b2/a

MODULE IN PRE-CALCULUS 3
 • Hyperbola is a set of all coplanar points such that difference of its distances from two
fixed points is constant.
• Transverse axis are the endpoints of a segment of vertices.
• Focal axis or principal axis is the axis that contains the foci, the center, and the vertices
of the hyperbola.
• Conjugate axis is another axis that plays an important role in defining the hyperbola.
• Asymptotes is a pair of lines that is closely related to but also not part of the hyperbola.

VI. Summative Assessment

A. Identification: Identify the following statements being described and write your answer on
the space provided before each number.
________ 1. It is a pair of lines that is closely related to but also not part of the hyperbola.
________ 2. It is the longer axis in the ellipse.
________ 3. A segment passing through a focus of the ellipse that is perpendicular to its axis.
________ 4. It is the intersection of the two axes.
________ 5. It is a set of all coplanar points such that difference of its distances from two fixed
points is constant.
________ 6. It is the axis that contains the foci, the center, and the vertices of hyperbola.
________ 7. These are the endpoints denoted by 2a.
________ 8. It is the equivalence of the eccentricity of the ellipse.
________ 9. It is the standard form of hyperbola.
________ 10. It is the equivalence of the eccentricity of the hyperbola.
B. For each of the equation of the hyperbola, find the center, foci, vertices, endpoints of
conjugate axis, and endpoints of latera recta. Determine the equation of directrices and
asymptotes and then draw the hyperbola.
1. 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 − 13 = 0
2. 64𝑥 2 − 36𝑦 2 − 128𝑥 − 36𝑦 + 631 = 0
C. Reduce each of the following equations of ellipses in standard form and determine the
center, foci vertices, endpoints of minor axis, and endpoints of latera recta.
𝑥2 𝑦2
1. + =1
16 9
2. 9𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 + 18𝑥 − 8𝑦 − 131 = 0
VII. References
Orines, F.B. (2016). Next Century Mathematics – Precalculus.
Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
Love, C.E. and Rainville, E.D.(1955).Analytic Geometry Fifth Edition.
Macmillian Publishing Co., Inc.
Prepared by:
Shiela Mae C. Gatchalian, LPT

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MODULE IN PRE-CALCULUS 5