GRADE

CHAPTER 2

CONIC
SECTIONS
ELLIPSE
CRIS JAYEL P. MALAGUIT
BSED MATHEMATICS – 2D
 OBJECTIVES
• Define what is Ellipse

• Define what are the important characteristics of an Ellipse

• To know how to write the equation of Ellipse

• Graph Ellipses

• Calculate the eccentricity

INTRODUCTION
 INTRODUCTION

An ellipse if we speak in terms of locus, it is the

set of all points on an XY-plane, whose distance from
two fixed points (known as foci) adds up to a
constant value.

The ellipse is one of the conic sections, that is

produced, when a plane cuts the cone at an angle
with the base. If the cone is intersected by the plane,
parallel to the base, then it forms a circle. 
 V4

F1 C F2
V1 a a
V3

V2
PARTS OF AN ELLIPSE
 Characteristics of an ELLIPSE
1 3 5

The foci are within the ellipse The distance between the c² = a² - b²
foci is 2c

2 4 6

The major axis always The center is the midpoint

The distance between
contains the foci and is of the foci and the
vertex are 2a and 2b
determined by which midpoint of the vertices,
denominator is larger
Characteristics of an Ellipse
Standard equation of an Ellipse
Centered at the Origin
Depending on which
denominator is larger the
ellipse could be elongated
along the x-axis or the y-
axis. If a and b are equal,
the ellipse becomes a
circle.
Example 1
Write the following ellipse in standard form. Then graph and label the foci, the
vertices and the major and minor axes.
Example 1
Example 2
Find the equation of an ellipse with vertices at ( and foci at (,0). Then sketch its
graph using the intercepts
Example 3
Example 3
Standard equation of an Ellipse Centered
(h,k)
Example 1
Example 1
Example 1
Example 1
Example 2
Identify the parts of the given specific conditions, standard
form and general form.

144 + 100 - 1152x – 400y – 11696 = 0

144 + 100 - 1152x – 400y – 11696 + 11696 = 0 + 11696

144 - 1152x + 100 - 400y = 11696 +

144 ( - 8x) + 100 ( - 4y) = 11696

144 ( - 8x + 16) + 100 ( - 4y + 4) = 11696 + 16(144) + 4(100)

144+ 100 = 11696 + 2304 + 400

+=
Example 2
= 144 = 12 = 100 = 10

=-
= 144 - 100
= 44
= 44 = 2
Example 2
Center Vertices Co-vertices Foci
(4, 2+2)

(4,2) (h,k+a) (h+b,k) :(h,k+c)

(4,2+12) (4+10,2) :(4,2+2)
(4,14) (14,2) (4, 2+2))

(h,k-a) (h-b,k) (h,k-c)

(4,2-12) (4-10,2) (4,2-2)
(4,-10) (-6,2) (4, 2-2)
)

(4,)
 GRADE

Eccentricity of
Ellipse
WHAT IS ECCENTRICITY OF AN ELLIPSE?

The eccentricity of ellipse is less than 1. The eccentricity of a ellipse

helps us to understand how circular it is with reference to a circle.
Eccentricity also measures the ovalness of the ellipse and eccentricity close
to one refers to high degree of ovalness.

Eccentricity is basically the ratio of the distances of a point on the

ellipse from the focus, and from the directrix. Let us learn more about the
definition, formula, and the derivation of the eccentricity of the ellipse.
WHAT IS ECCENTRICITY OF AN ELLIPSE?

The two important terms to refer to before we talk about eccentricity is the focus
and the directrix of the ellipse. For a conic section, the locus of any point on it is such
that its ratio of the distance from the fixed point - focus, and its distance from the
fixed line - directrix is a constant value is called the eccentricity.

Eccentricity: (e < 1). The ratio of the distance of the focus from the center of
the ellipse, and the distance of one end of the ellipse from the center of the ellipse. If
the distance of the focus from the center of the ellipse is 'c' and the distance of the end
of the ellipse from the center is 'a', then eccentricity e = c/a.
FORMULA FOR ECCENTRICITY OF ELLIPSE
The eccentricity of an ellipse is always less than 1. e < 1. The
eccentricity of an ellipse can be taken as the ratio of its
distance from the focus and the distance from the directrix.

Eccentricity = Distance from Focus/Distance from

Directrix

e = c/a

Substituting the value of c we have the following value of

eccentricity.

e=

Here a is the length of the semi-major axis and b is the

length of the semi-minor axis.
Example
Find the eccentricity of the ellipse having the equation + = 1.
Solution:
The given equation of the ellipse is + = 1. Comparing this with the equation of the ellipse + = 1, we have
a  = 25, and b2 = 16.
2

e=
e=
e=
e=

Therefore the eccentricity of the ellipse is 0.6.

References:

https://www.mathwarehouse.com/ellipse/equation-of-ellipse.php

https://math.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Algebra/Map%3A_College_Algebra_(OpenStax)/08%3A_

Analytic_Geometry/8.02%3A_The_Ellipse

https://www.ck12.org/book/ck-12-algebra-ii-with-trigonometry/section/10.2/

https://www.ck12.org/c/calculus/conic-sections/lesson/Conic-Sections-GEOM-HNRS/

https://fcit.usf.edu/math/downloads/Conic_Sections_Hyperbolas%20FCIT%20compat.ppt

https://fcit.usf.edu/math/downloads/Conic%20Sections%20Parabolas%20FCIT%20compat.ppt

https://teachers.henrico.k12.va.us/math/hcpsalgebra2/Documents/2-2/2006_2_2.ppt