Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION III – CENTRAL LUZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PAMPANGA

Designing with

Circles
Pre-Calculus Module 2

JONALYN B. CORREA
SPECIAL SCIENCE TEACHER I
WRITER

JANE P. VALENCIA, ED.D.

EPS I-MATHEMATICS
Topic: Circles

Learning Competencies:
• Define a Circle [STEM_PC11AG-Ia-2]

• Determine the Standard Form of Equation of a Circle [STEM_PC11AG-Ia-3]

• Graph a circle in a rectangular coordinate system [STEM_PC11AG-Ia-4]

Subtasks:

• Determine the center and radius of a Circle

• Identify the radius from a given Diameter using Midpoint Theorem

• Solve for the distance between two given points

Hi! I’m Aylin. I’m fond of designs. Join me

in studying more about Circles.

In this journey, you need to have pen

and papers with you. We will be
dealing with a lot of solving.

For us to have insights, I’ve asked my

friend, Arc, to give us some lectures that
we probably need.

Come!
 Guide Card Hello. I am Arc and I will
teach you about the
Let’s Start Here...
Circle, its Standard
Equation, and how to
The conic section formed when a cone is
cut by a plane parallel to its base (with this graph it. Are you ready?
plane not passing through the cone’s vertex),
is a circle. We can define a circle analytically:

A Circle is the set of all points having the same distance

(the radius) from a given point (the center).

Developing Standard Equation of a Circle

 Guide Card Now, let us have some
examples.
Determine the equation of a circle
with center C (3,2) and radius r = 5.
Answer:
(x - h)2 + (y - k)2 = r2
Substitute the values of h and k from C(3, 2);
(x - 3)2 + (y - 2)2 = 52
(x - 3)2 + (y - 2)2 = 25

Determine the equation of a circle with center

C (-5, 2) and passing through the point P (-8, 7).
Answer:
(x - h)2 + (y - k)2 = r2
Substitute the values of h and k from C(-5, 2):
(x - (-5))2 + (y - 2)2 = r2
(x + 5)2 + (y - 2)2 = r2
Use the point P(-8, 7) to find the value of r2:
(x + 5)2 + (y - 2)2 = r2
(-8 + 5)2 + (7 - 2)2 = r2
(-3)2 + (5)2 = r2
9 + 25 = r2
34 = r2
Therefore, the equation of the circle in standard form is
(x + 5)2 + (y - 2)2 = 34

By looking on the graph, express the equation of the circle in standard form.
Answer:
Since the radius of this circle is 1, and its cen-
ter is (1, 0), this circle’s equation is:

(x - 1)2 + (y - 0)2 = 12
(x - 1)2 + y2 = 1
 Guide Card
What is the standard form of the equation of a
circle with endpoints of a diameter at the points
(7,8) and (-5,6)? Remember:
Answer:
Center of the circle is the midpoint of the diameter,

Again, the diameter is the distance between the

points (7,8) and (−5,6):
The standard form of
the circle equation is in
so the radius is √37. the format (x – h)2 + (y –
k)2 = r2, with the center
Thus the standard form of the circles equation being at the point (h,
is (x−1)2 + (y−7)2 = 37 k) and the radius being
"r". This form of the
Find the center and radius of the circle having the equation is helpful,
since you can easily
equation: (x - 5)2 + (y - 8)2 = 81
find the center and the
Answer: radius.
(x - h)2 + (y - k)2 = r2
But circle equations are
Using this form, center is the point (h, k) and radius is “r” often given in the gen-
h = 5, k = 8, r = 9 eral format
of ax2 + by2 + cx + dy +
Therefore, the center is point (5, 8) and the radius is 9. e = 0, When you
are given this general
Find the center and radius of the circle having form of equation and
the equation: 4x + 4y – 16x – 24y + 51 = 0
2 2
told to find the center
Answer: and radius of a circle,
you will have to
"complete the square"
to convert the equa-
tion to center-radius
form. This lesson ex-
plains how to make
that conversion.
 Guide Card Now, let’s
learn how to
Let’s Continue... graph a circle.
Graphing a Circle in the Coordinate Plane
The equation of a circle appears as (x - h)2 + (y - k)2 = r2. This is
called the standard form (or the center-radius form). The h and k represent
the center of the circle at point (h, k), and r names the radius. Specifically,
h represents the horizontal displacement — how far to the left or to the
right the center of the circle falls from the y-axis. The variable k represents
the vertical displacement — how far above or below the center falls from
the x-axis. We can count from the center r units (the radius) horizontally in
both directions and vertically in both directions. This will give you four dif-
ferent points, all equidistant from the center. Connect these four points
with the best curve that you can sketch to get the graph of the circle.
Example A. Center at the Origin
Graph the circle: x2 + y2 = 16
Follow these steps:
1. Realize that the circle is centered at the
origin (no h and k) and place this point there.
2. Calculate the radius by solving for r.
Set r-squared = 16. In this case, you get r = 4.
3. Plot the radius points on the coordinate plane.
You count out 4 in every direction from the
center (0, 0): left, right, up, and down.
4. Connect the dots to graph the circle using a
smooth, round curve.

Example B. Center away from the Origin

Graph the equation: (x - 3)2 + (y - 1)2 = 25

Follow these steps:
1. Locate the center of the circle from the equation (h, k)
Place the center of the circle at (3, -1)
2. Calculate the radius by solving for r.
Set r-squared = 25. In this case, you get r = 5.
3. Plot the radius points on the coordinate plane.
Count 5 units left, right, up, and down from the
center at (3, -1). This means that you should
have points at (8, -1), (-2, -1), (3, -6), and (3, 4).
4. Connect the dots to graph the circle using a smooth,
round curve.
 Activity Card
Instructions:

Help Aylin to identify who among Mila,

Mich, and Michael is hiding her Art mate-
Now, it’s your turn to
rials. To find out, answer the following
show me what you’ve
problems and check who among them
got. I prepared this
has all the answers right.
puzzle for you to solve.
 Activity Card
Instructions:

Now that you have the center and radius for each equation,
sketch its graph. Use different colors.
1. (y - 3)2 + (x - 1)2 = 9 4. x2 + y2 - 6x = 7
2. (y - 1)2 + (x - 5)2 = 25 5. x2 + y2 - 14x + 2y = -14
3. (y + 7)2 + (x + 5)2 = 49
 Activity Card What can you say
about my art skills?
Instructions: You may start look-
ing from the small-
Aylin posted her artworks on the wall. It’s your est to the largest.
task now to determine their standard equation.

Instructions:

Determine the standard equation of the following to help Aylin go to her Art Class.
Choose which building has all the correct answers.

1. Center (6, -5), radius 4

2. Diameter with endpoints (-2, -1) and (6,3)
3. Center (2, 1) passing through (-8, 3)

Left Building
1. (x - 6)2 + (y - 5)2 = 16
2. (x - 2)2 + (y - 1)2 = 15
3. (x - 2)2 + (y - 1)2 = 64

Right Building
Main Building
1. (x - 6)2 + (y + 5)2 = 16
1. (x - 6)2 + (y - 5)2 = 16
2. (x - 2)2 + (y - 1)2 = 20
2. (x - 2)2 + (y + 1)2 = 15
3. (x - 2)2 + (y - 1)2 = 104
3. (x + 2)2 + (y - 1)2 = 104
 Assessment Card
Instructions: Identify the center and radius of the circle I have more
with the given equation in each item. Sketch its graph. for you.
1. x2 + y2 = 49
2. x2 + y2 - 12x - 10y = -12

Instructions: Write an equation for a circle.

1. With radius of 3, and centered at the point (−3, 4)

2. centered at (−1,5) passing through the point (4, 4)
3. with radius of 5 and center of (−4, 2)
4. Has a diameter with end points A(-3, 2) and B(7, 4)
 Enrichment Card

Instructions: Find the equations, in standard form, of the circles in

the given figure and identify the center and radius for each.

You made it until here.

Are you confident with your
answers? We’ll be checking
them on the answer card.
Feel free to review them.
Reference Card

Reference Books

1. Pre-calculus by Ian June L. Garces, Richard Eden,

and Debbie Marie Verzosa pp. 15-17
2. Teaching Guide for Senior High School (Pre-calculus) by
CHED pp. 11-23

Online References

1. https://slideplayer.com/slide/756524/
2. https://www.mathwarehouse.com/geometry/circle/equation-of-a-
circle.php
3. https://www.varsitytutors.com/precalculus-help/determine-the-
equation-of-a-circle-in-standard-form
4. https://www.purplemath.com/modules/sqrcircle.htm
5. https://socratic.org/questions/what-is-the-standard-form-of-the-
equation-of-a-circle-with-endpoints-of-a-diamet
6. https://www.dummies.com/education/math/calculus/how-to-graph-
a-circle/
7. https://www.ck12.org/book/ck-12-geometry-concepts/r11/section/9.12/

Image Resources

1. Google images
2. pexels.com
Answer Card
All Glory belongs to our Father God.