Characteristic Of

A Text

By: Jhon Isaac S. Alegre

STEM 11-B
Synchronous
English 11
Formal or Informal

▪ A formal text used for the business, legal,

academic or professional purpose. On the other
hand, informal text is one which is used for
personal or casual purpose.
▪ Ex:
▪ Formal: Good morning! How are you?
▪ Informal: Hey how's it going?
Explicit or Implicit

▪ A text used for academic and professional

purposes make use of explicit or observable, clear
and precise facts or objetcs rather than implicit,
unclear, unspecified facts.
Explicit is an adjective. It means stated
plainly or made clear. Something that is explicit has
been laid out in no uncertain detail and is easy to
understand.
The word implicit is also an adjective. It is related to
the verb imply. Implicit means something that is
implied or not stated plainly.
Explicit or Implicit Examples

Explicit

The new top 40 hit was an explicit call from the singer to her ex-
boyfriend to rekindle their lost love.

Ashley’s favorite comedy was rated R for explicit language and mature
content.
Implicit
▪ Implicit in Brian’s letter was his unhappiness at having to be away
from home for so long.
▪ The doctor was optimistic, but the implicit meaning of her diagnosis
was that Peggy was seriously ill and might not have much longer to
live.
Complex or Simple

▪ A text used for academic and professional

purposes is simplified to be able to reach or
connect its target audience or readers.
▪ Complex: Complex are composed of an
independent clause and a dependent clause.
Dependent clauses are not completed thoughts.
▪ Simple: it has one independent clause, that is, it
has a subject, it has a verb, and it is a completed
thought.
Complex or Simple Examples

Complex: When he won the award, everyone

cheered.
“everyone cheered” is the independent clause
because it has one subject and one verb and it’s a
completed thought. “When he won the award” is the
dependent clause, because even though it has a
subject and a verb, it’s not a completed thought.
Simple: Grace opened the door.
It has a one subject and that is “Grace” and one verb
“opened”
Objective or Subjective

▪ Objective: Objective is a busy word and that's a fact. An objective is a

goal, but to be objective is to be unbiased. If you're objective about
something, you have no personal feelings about it. In grammar
land, objective relates to the object of a sentence. Anyway, people
often try to be objective, but it's easier for robots.
▪ Subjective: on the other hand, has feelings. Anything subjective is
subject to interpretation. In grammar land, this word relates to the
subject of the sentence. Usually, subjective means influenced by
emotions or opinions. Humans are a subjective bunch and we like it
that way!
Example
Objective: It is raining
Subjective: I love the rain.
Specific or Holistic

▪ An academic text could be written using either of

the two approaches, parts to whole approach
(specific) or whole to parts approach (holistic).
Common Text
Structures
By: Jhon Isaac S. Alegre
STEM 11-B
Synchronous
English 11
Chronological Order

▪ It is also known as time order. This structure is

organized from one point in time to another.
▪ Chronological order is the order in which the
events occurred, from first to last. This is the
easiest pattern to write and to follow.
▪ Example: Example: It seemed like an ordinary day
when she got up that morning, but Lynda was
about to embark on the worst day of her life.
Sequence

▪ Steps described in the order they occur. It does not

take place in a specific point in time. A sequence is
a word meaning "a set of related events,
movements or items that follow each other in a
particular order". Sequence is a specific order in
which things occur. An example of a sequence is a
TV show with a beginning, middle and end. A
following of one thing after another; succession.
 Cause-Effect

▪ This structure shows how one or more causes led to one or more
effects. Many texts do not include just one cause leading to one
effect– instead, there may be several causes and several effects.
Cause and effect is a common way to organize information in
a text. Paragraphs structured as cause and effect explain
reasons why something happened or the effects of
something. ... The cause and effect text structure is used so
commonly that you have probably written a paragraph using it
and not noticed.
▪ Example:Many people think that they can get sick by going into
cold weather improperly dressed; however, illnesses are not
caused by temperature- they are caused by germs. So while
shivering outside in the cold probably won’t strengthen your
immune system, you’re more likely to contract an illness indoors
because you will have a greater exposure to germs.
Problem-Solution

▪ The text structure presents a problem, and shows

how it can be (or has been) solved. The key
difference between cause-effect and problem-
solution is that the latter always present a solution
while the former does not. Problem and Solution is
a pattern of organization where information in a
passage is expressed as a dilemma or concerning
issue (a problem) and something that was, can be,
or should be done to remedy this issue (solution or
attempted solution).
Example: It seems like there has been a surge in teen
pregnancies these days. Teen pregnancies make it
very difficult for young mothers to pursue their
dreams and meet the demands of an infant.
Fortunately, most teen pregnancies can be easily
prevented by using birth control; however, even birth
control is not 100% effective. The most effective way
to prevent teen pregnancies is abstinence, which is
100% effective.
Compare-Contrast

▪ Compare and Contrast is a text structure or

pattern of organization where the similarities and
differences of two or more things are explored. It is
important to remember that with the compare and
contrast text structure the text should be
discussing similarities and differences. If the text
only discusses similarities, it is only comparing.
Likewise, if it only discusses ways that the things
are different, it is only contrasting. The text must
do both to be considered compare and contrast.
Example: Apples and oranges are both fruits, which means
that they have seeds inside of them. Each has a skin, but
orange skins are thick and easy to peel. Apple skins are
thinner and do not peel easily. Oranges also contain more
acid than apples, but both fruits are delicious.
Exemplification/
Classification

▪ Exemplification: Exemplification is one of the most

common and effective ways to show or explain an idea or
point (e.g., observation, opinion, belief). In this pattern of
development, the main idea is explained by giving an
extended example or a series of detailed examples.
▪ Classification: Classification refers to sorting or arranging
subjects (e.g., persons, places, things, ideas) into groups
or categories according to their common or shared
characteristic. The subjects can be grouped in many
different ways depending on your purpose. With a
purpose in mind, you can determine how to group the
subjects in your list. The group or category should have a
single basis of classification.
Example(Exem.): Today, men and women of all ages
undergo surgery to feel good about themselves. Three of
the most popular surgical procedures are liposuction,
facelifts, and hair transplants. First, liposuction is a quick fix
for those who find good diet and exercise ineffective and
time consuming. Next, surgical facelifts promise men and
women a younger and fresher look. Lastly, hair transplants
are now possible, especially for balding men. Thanks to
medical advances, men can now avoid the harsh reality of
losing their hair by undergoing a long-lasting hair
transplant procedure. This paragraph expounds on the
main idea, which is stated in the first sentence, through
specific examples. The examples, which are the surgical
procedures and their purpose, support the main idea.
Example(Classification):The genre of rock music encompasses
many distinct styles under the same umbrella, including
electronic, acoustic, heavy metal, folk, punk, and glam. The
origins of rock music can be traced back to other genres such as
jazz, gospel, the blues, and African-American music, among
various other influences. While the genre began with guitar and
piano-driven popular songs, today there are hundreds of
variations. Electronic rock contains elements of computer-
generated or synthesized instruments, including drum machines
and electronic guitars, in addition to some of the elements from
the original movement. Heavy metal is characterized by heavy
guitars and big, distorted sound, while folk-rock typically has a
much more acoustic sound with instruments like banjos and
harmonicas. Glam rock and punk rock emerged in the late 1970s
and share a stripped-down sound with an emphasis on
aesthetics, while punk rock tends to be more aggressive and
glam tends to be more theatrical. In recent years, rock music
tends to share a distinctive beat with electric or acoustic guitars.
Persuasion

▪ The purpose of persuasive writing is to persuade a

reader to a point of view on an issue. Persuasive
writing may express an opinion, discuss, analyse
and evaluate an issue. ... The main structural
components of the persuasive text are the
introduction, development of argument (body)
and conclusion.
▪ Example: A teenager attempting to convince her
parents that she needs to be able to stay out
until 11pm instead of 10pm.