The global eradication of

Poliomyelitis
Progress and Problems
OBJECTIVES:

By the end of this session participants will be able to;

● Describe how and when the polio eradication campaign started?
● Explain how polio virus works and effect the people’s life
● List actions taken to make the program successful.
● Define problems and difficulties in implementing the program.
● Describe outcomes of the program.
● List post eradication strategies.
 TEACHING PLAN
SNO DATE TIME OBJECTIVES CONTENT METHODOLOGIES EVALUATION

1 3rd NOV, 1200 ● Describe how and ● Explaining that what ● Presentation ● Question
2021 - when the polio is poliovirus and ● Discussion and
1230 eradication campaign how it affects the and sharing answer
started? human body. experiences ● Feedback
● Explain how polio ● Describing that how ● Using board form
virus works and effect the polio eradication and marker. ● Evaluation
the people’s life campaign started form
● List actions taken to and what were the
make the program main features of the
successful. campaign.
● Define problems and ● Discussing the
difficulties in problems faced by
implementing the the campaign and
program. what were its
● Describe outcomes outcomes.
of the program. ● Suggesting some
● List post eradication post eradication
strategies. strategies.
WHAT IS POLIO VIRUS?

● Polio virus is a non capsulated, single stranded, positive RNA genome.

● It cause human infection due to three enteroviruses, polio virus type 1, 2 and 3.
● It is transmitted through fecal oral route.
● The infections are asymptomatic.
● The virus invades the central nervous system and selectively describe the motor
neurons within the spinal cord and brain cells, resulting in flaccid paralysis of
skeletal muscles that can cause fatal or permanent disability (especially in legs )
HOW DID POLIO ERADICATION CAMPAIGN STARTED ?

Polio vaccine start after the success of smallpox

eradication.
The campaign was started by WHO in the year
1998 with the target to achieve polio free world
by the year 2000.
FEATURES OF THE CAMPAIGN:

● The campaign was conducted on the immunization days throughout the countries.
● International network of 145 reference virology laboratories were set to perform
virological diagnosis of the stool of infected person.
● Two trivalent vaccine were available :
● IPV; injectable, very well tolerated, used in most industrialized countries.
● OPV; take orally, very cheap but thermosensitive, used in developing countries
PROBLEMS AND DIFFICULTIES:

● The campaign was effected by political and health system disturbance.

● Due to difficulties in transferring the stool sample the virological reports were not
confirmed.
● As the infection do not have any symptom it can circulate in a number of people
without being control.
● The outbreak of vaccine derived polio virus. (due to OPV)
● The program also faced some financial problems as the program needs a large
number of economic resource.
The people were not ready to be vaccinated due to religious problems as they think they
think that vaccine was meant to sterilize women and inoculate HIV to children. This
thinking also led to a disastrous incident occurred in Northern Nigeria in 2002 . In which
along with Nigeria other 21 countries developed a large number of polio cases.
This problem was overcome through health education campaigns. And most of the
countries become polio free again.
OUTCOMES:

The campaign led to dramatic reduction of polio virus cases worldwide, from estimated
350000 cases in 1988 to 483 in 2001. and till 2007 only 4 countries were endemic to polio
virus (including Pakistan, India, Nigeria and Afghanistan).
POST ERADICATION PROBLEMS

There are some problems which are still unanswered:

● How long the vaccination and surveillance activities need to be maintained???
● Which type of polio eradication we want to target ? AFP cases or complete poliovirus
eradication … but practically it is very difficult as most of the poliovirus cases are
asymptomatic.
● And what will be the post eradication policies.
CONCLUSION

● The global polio eradication program proved to be a blessing for mankind as it

reduced 99% of the polio incidents around the world.
● It eliminates poliomyelitis from most of the countries and millions of disabilities is
been avoided.
 FEEDBACK FORM
Excellent satisfactory Average Poor

1. The objectives of the presentation were clearly

stated.

2. All the objectives were covered during the session.

3. The content of the presentation was appropriate.

4. The language used by the presenter was easy to

understand.

5. All the questions were answered appropriately

6. The examples shared were applicable to the real

life.

7. The session improved your knowledge regarding

the topic.
THANK YOU