THE STUDY OF THE EARTH

 Planet Earth
 Scientist claim the earth was formed through a “big
bang” when materials from the universe caused a
gigantic explosion about 5000 million years ago
leading to all planets today.
 The Earth came together in a cloud of gas which
rotated around the sun forming all planets.
 THE STUDY OF THE EARTH

 Planet Earth
 Scientist claim the earth was formed through a “big
bang” when materials from the universe caused a
gigantic explosion about 5000 million years ago
leading to all planets today.
 The Earth came together in a cloud of gas which
rotated around the sun forming all planets.
 The shape of the Earth

 The Earth is round (spherical) though it is a bit flat at

the poles. The first person to prove so was Italian
scientist Galileo who improved the telescope.
 The Solar System

 The sun is at the centre of the solar system and it is just a very hot
star.
 The solar system has 8 planets and the remainder being smaller
objects and smaller solar system bodies and a galaxy of stars.
 All these orbit or revolve around the sun. (the orbit is elliptical)
 The 8 planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn,
Uranus and Neptune.
 These planets move around the sun along a path called an Orbit.
 The planet nearest to the sun moves around it quickly while the
furthest takes longer.
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
 The Movements of the Earth

 The earth rotates from west to east (anti- clockwise)

on its tilted axis( sun appears to be moving from east
to west)
 It rotates once in 24 hours that is why we have day
and night.
 It also revolves around the sun following an orbit for
365 days causing seasons of the year.
  
The Tilting of the Earth

 It is not upright but permanently tilted at 23 and half degrees,

it also moves around the sun at this angle giving seasons.
 The results of movements in a tilted position are:
 There are seasons
 There are differences in day and night.
 The times of the seasons are not the same in the northern and
southern parts of the world.
 # The Earth moves like a wheel around its axle. The earth’s axle
runs from the South to the North Pole and it is called its axis.
The Tilting of the Earth
 Earth’s imaginary lines

 The earth can be divided into two halves, that is:

 Top half- Northern hemisphere
 Bottom half- Southern hemisphere
 An imaginary line called the Equator divides the earth
into two halves.
 There are further imaginary lines these are Tropic of
cancer in the Northern hemisphere and Tropic of
Capricorn in the Southern hemisphere
The movements of the Earth
Solstice and Equinox
Earth’s imaginary lines
 Solstice and Equinox

 Solstice: Either of the two times in a year, summer

solstice and winter solstice when the sun reaches its
highest or lowest point in the sky at noon marked by
the longest and shortest days. Longest: December 21
and Shortest: June 21
 Equinox: The time or date (twice a year) at which the
sun crosses the Equator, when day and night are of
equal length. (September 22 and March 20).