PAPILLOMAVIRUSES

HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS
Family: PAPILLOMAVIRIDAE

zur HAUSEN
2008 Nobel prize
clarification of the
HPV in pathogenesis
of Ca cervix uteri
 HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUSES

FAMILY: PAPOVAVIRIDAE
GENUS: PAPILLOMAVIRUS

CHARACTERISTICS

Circular ds DNA, genom 8 kb, size 55 nm

icosaedral structure, no envelope

170 types HPV,

of them 40 with capability to infect urogenital tract
LIFE CYCLE OF PAPILOMAVIRUSES
 HPV - CLINICAL SYNDROMES

1. Warts
(HPV types 1-4, 7, 10, 26-28)
 HPV - CLINICAL SYNDROMES

2. Epidermodysplasia verruciformis
(HPV types 5, 8, 9, 12, 14, 15, 17, 19-25)

cca 30% with possible

progress to malignancy
 HPV – CLINICAL SYNDROMES

3. Ca cervix uteri, Ca vulvy, penile Ca

- 70 % HPV 16 and 18
- 18 % HPV 31, 33, 35, 45, 52, 58

- Highest risk genotypes 16, 18, 31, 45,

- Other high risk genotypes 33, 35, 39, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59

- Probably high risk genotypes HPV 26, 53, 66, 68, 73, 82

Munoz et al., Vaccine, 2006

 HPV - CLINICAL SYNDROMES

4. HPV+ oropharyngeal cancer

Ca (squamous cell Ca) of the throat caused by
the HPV type 16 virus (HPV16)
 HPV - CLINICAL SYNDROMES

5. Anal Ca
6. Lung cancer
Clinical syndromes vs HPV types
 Ca HPV - risk factors

 Abuse of smoking
 Long-term p.o. use of contraceptives
 HIV Coinfection
 HPV - EPIDEMIOLOGY

Ca cervix uteri = 250 000 ✞/ year

500 000 new case of Ca cervix uteri/year
 HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUSES
MICROBIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF HPV INFECTION

1. Imunocytochemical methods
- detection of group-specific capsid protein
2. Detection of DNA
- PCR - typing of HPV DNA
- posibility to diferentiate oncogenic and other HPV
Cervista™, signal amplification (the qualitative detection of HPV DNA)
Cobas™ HPV test, real-time PCR
APTIMA™ HPV RNA test
3. Electron microscopy
 PREVENTION
Gardasil (Merck) (vaccine – HPV 6, 11, 16, 18)
100% against persist. infection
- since 2006
Gardasil 9 (vaccine – HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and
58)
nearly 100% effective in preventing cervical, vulvar, and
vaginal disease
- since 2014
Cervarix (GlaxoSmithKline) (vaccine - HPV 16, 18)
– since 2007
 HPV Prevention
HPV vaccines are used to prevent HPV infection and therefore cervical cancer

Gardasil
Cervarix

It is estimated the vaccines may prevent 70% of cervical cancer,

80% of anal cancer, 60% of vaginal cancer, 40% of vulvar
cancer, and possibly some mouth cancer
CDC recommends two doses in those less than 15 and
three doses in those over 15.