INVERSION AND

SUBJUNCTIVES
Member of
Group
Aulyayu Nurmareta Etha Marselia Vindia Susilowati
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Siti Samrotul Janah Firda Putri Zakiyyah

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PART ONE
 Part One
The definition of Inversion

The definition of Inversion

What is inversion?
In English, inversion is an action of inverting something or the state of being inverted. In other words,
In English, inversion is an action of inverting something or the state of
inversion is a sentence subject or actor and the verb or verb can be reversed or changed with a specific
beingprovided
purpose, inverted. Ininversion
that the other words, inversion
of the sentence is achange
does not sentence subject
the meaning or actor
or initial meanigand
of
the verb or verb can be reversed or changed
the The definition with a specific purpose,
of Inversion
What is inversion?
provided that the inversion of the sentence does not change the meaning or
In English, inversion is an action of inverting something or the state of being inverted. In other words,
initialismeaning
inversion of theorsentence.
a sentence subject actor and the verb or verb can be reversed or changed with a specific
purpose, provided that the inversion of the sentence does not change the meaning or initial meaning of
the sentence..
Inversion in English also has 2 general types, namely:

A. Subject-Verb Inversion
With the formula: Main/Auxiliary verb + subject
Example: • There is your best friend here

•Down came the rain in this city

B. Subject-Operator Inversion
With the formula: Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Main verb
Example: •Is the weather is good?
•Is that your hobby?
 Part One
Inversion Sentence Patterns

The inversion sentence has certain patterns that must be met grammatically. Although
basically the form is "P + S", but The the definition
predicate ofis Inversion
in the form of a verb and some is in the
form of an auxiliary. Inverted sentence orissentence
What inversion has several patterns, including:
inversion?
1. In
Pattern 1 inversion
English, inversion issentence
an action of inverting something or the state of being inverted. In other
owords,
Negative wordis+a AUX
inversion sentence+ Ssubject or actor and the verb or verb can be reversed or changed with
ao specific purpose,
Preposition + noprovided
+ AUXthat + Sthe inversion of the sentence does not change the meaning or initial
o So + adjective/adverb + that meanig of the+The
+ AUX S definition of Inversion
o Only + preposition/conjunction/adverb What+isAUX
inversion?
+S
In English, inversion is an action of inverting something or the state of being inverted. In other
2. Pattern 2 inversion sentence
words, inversion is a sentence subject or actor and the verb or verb can be reversed or changed with
o Adverbpurpose,
a specific of placeprovided
+ P + Sthat the inversion of the sentence does not change the meaning or initial
a specific purpose, provided that the inversion of the sentence does not change the meaning or initial
meaning of the sentence..
 Part One
Inversion Sentence Terms and Keywords

Inversion sentences or direct sentences have several provisions and some keywords
that indicate the presence/use of an inversion sentence in that sentence. Among
them are: The definition of Inversion
1. For inversion sentence pattern (negative What is inversion?
word + AUX + S)
In
TheEnglish, inversion is
first provision is an
theaction of inverting
existence something
of negative or the state
sentences. Forofinversion
being inverted. In other words,
sentences,
inversion is aissentence
this pattern markedsubject
by theorpresence
actor andoftheaverb or verb
negative can be reversed
meaningful wordorinchanged with a specific
a sentence
purpose, provided that the inversion of the sentence does not change the meaning or initial meanig of
and the negative word at the beginning of the sentence. Negative words include:
the The definition of Inversion
o Never - Little What is-inversion?
Hardly
o Rarely
In - No/Not
English, inversion is an action of inverting something or the state of being inverted. In other words,
o Barely is a sentence subject
inversion - Few
or actor and the verb or verb can be reversed or changed with a specific
o Scarcely
purpose, - Seldomof the sentence does not change the meaning or initial meaning of
provided that the inversion
the sentence..
In addition, auxilriaries are also used, which for all inverted sentence
patterns use the same auxiliaries. The following is a change in the form of
auxiliaries in an inversion sentence.
o Is/Am/Are​ ​: Is/Am/Are
o Was/ Were. ​ : Was/ Were
o V1​​ ​ : Do/Does
o V2​ ​: Did
o Has/Have + V3. : Has/Have
o Had + V3​ ​: Had
o Modals​ ​: Modals
2. For inversion sentence pattern (preposition + no + AUX + S)
The second provision is an inversion sentence with a preposition marker. For
inversion sentences, this pattern is marked with a preposition or preposition
followed by "no" and is at the beginning of the sentence. Some examples of
prepositions, namely:

o For - Before - On
o From - By - Of
o About - In - etc
o Around - At
3. For inversion sentence pattern (so + adjective/adverb + AUX + S)
The third condition is for inversion sentences with the word "so" as a marker. For
inversion sentences, this pattern is marked by the use of the word "so" followed by
an adjective/adverb and at the beginning of the sentence.

4. For inversion sentence pattern (only + preposition/adverb + AUX + S)

The fourth pattern is an inversion sentence with the word marker "only". For
inversion sentences, this pattern is marked by the word "only" followed by a
preposition/conjunction/adverb and at the beginning of the sentence.
5. For the inversion sentence pattern (adverb of place + P + S)
The last provision is for an inverted sentence with a placeholder marker. For
inversion sentences, this pattern is marked by the presence of an adverb of
place or an explanation of the place at the beginning of the sentence.
Inversion Sentence Example
1. Example of an inverted sentence pattern (negative word + AUX + S)
o No sooner did he say something bad than his friend burst into tears.
o Never had I worked hard because of my mistake.
o Hardly ever does she know what have she done.

2. Example of an inverted sentence pattern (preposition + no + AUX + S)

o For no reason did she leave me.
o After no reply do lecture give us many works.

3. Example of an inverted sentence pattern (so + adj/adv + AUX + S)

o So difficult is the test that the student can't do it well.
o So beautiful did she dance in front of me.
4. Example of an inverted sentence pattern (only + preposition/adv + AUX + S)
o Only then did they understand their mistakes.
o Only after I graduated from my school can I apply college.
o Only before food is prepared should it be cooked well.

5. Example of an inverted sentence pattern (adv of place + P + S)

o Under the tables lies a cat.
o Beside the mosque is my house.
o Behind this place did the accident occur.
Forms or Uses of Inversion in English
1) Sentence Question (Question)
Example:
o Where is your house?
o Have you finished your lunch?
o Have you taken a bath?
2) Used after an adverb expression of place.
Example:
o Under the tree, there is a lion which looks for a meat.
o In the forest, we can see many animals.
o In that chair, I sat alone.
3) The form of a conditional sentence.
Example:
o We would help you if you need it.
o I will be there if you call me.
o We should arrive there early if we want to follow the event.
4) In the form of comparison or comparison in English.
Example:
o My brother spends more hours in school than me.
o He was very diligent, as were his friends.
5) Words with negative meaning.
Example:
o I never know my heart.
o She never understands me.
o I seldom eat this week.
6) In the form of an application
Example:
o May Allah keep us as always.
o May you remember me and pray for me.
7) In the form of story telling
Example:
o What do you mean? Asked John.
o We miss you! Shout him.
PART TWO
 Part One
Definition of Subjunctive

The subjunctive is a form of verb used to express an unreal situation (it

can be in the form of conditional The definition of Inversion wish, as if, as though,
(presupposition),
What is inversion?
requirement, or suggestion. The subjunctive
In English, inversion is an action of inverting something or consists ofbeing
the state of present andInpast
inverted. other words,
which have
inversion their own
is a sentence usage
subject rules.
or actor Used
and the verb in the can
or verb subjunctive are
be reversed or “wish”,
changed with“as
a specific
if/purpose, provided“would
as though”, that the inversion
rather”,of “if
the sentence
only”. does not change the meaning or initial meanig of
the The definition of Inversion
Example: What is inversion?
●InI English,
wish he were here
inversion to repair
is an action my computer.
of inverting something or the state of being inverted. In other words,
●inversion
If onlyisshea sentence
were subject or actor and the verb or verb can be reversed or changed with a specific
not here.
purpose, provided that the inversion of the sentence does not change the meaning or initial meaning of
the sentence..
 Part One
Subjunctive Function

The definition of Inversion

1. As if/ as though is used to express a situation that is not true or factual.
What is inversion?
In English, inversion is an action of inverting something or the state of being inverted. In other words,
2. Wish, would rather, and if only are used to express a wish or wish.
inversion is a sentence subject or actor and the verb or verb can be reversed or changed with a specific
purpose, provided that the inversion of the sentence does not change the meaning or initial meanig of
the The definition of Inversion
What is inversion?
In English, inversion is an action of inverting something or the state of being inverted. In other words,
inversion is a sentence subject or actor and the verb or verb can be reversed or changed with a specific
purpose, provided that the inversion of the sentence does not change the meaning or initial meaning of
the sentence..
Subjunctive Structure
1. be (present)
In Non-Verbal sentences, all Subjects in the Present Subjunctive use "be", not
use "is'am'are".
● I be
● you be
● he, she, it be
● we be
● you be
● they be
2. be (past)
In non-verbal sentences, all subjects in the past subjunctives use "were".
● I were
● you were
● he, she, it were
● we were
● you were
● they were
3. Other verbs (past & present)
All verbs must be in the form of "Bare Infinitive" i.e. not have any affixes such as "s", "es", "ing",
or "-ed".
● I work
● you work
● he, she, it work
● we work
● you work
● they work
Use of the Subjunctive
The use of subjunctives when we talk about an activity that would not actually happen. We use
the subjunctive when talking about activities that a person wants to happen, hopes to happen,
imagines to happen
Example:
● The President requests that you be present at the meeting.
● It is vital that you be present at the meeting.
● If you were at the meeting, the President would be happy.
The subjunctive usually uses both of the following structures :
Verb: ask, command, demand, insist, propose, recommend, request, suggest + that
Expression: it is desirable, essential, important, necessary, vital + that
Example:
● The manager insists that the car park be locked at night. (Not: The…car park is locked).
● The board of directors recommended that he join the company. (Not: The….that he could
join).
Subjunctive Usage Formula
1. Present Subjunctive
The Present Subjunctive is used as a conditional sentence that refers to the present, so the fact is also in the Simple
Present Tense.
● Wish
Subject (1) + wish + Subject (2) + Verb 2 / were
Example: I wish you visited me.
(The facts: You don’t visit me.)
● As if /As though
Subject (1) + Verb 1 + as if + Subject (2) + Verb2 / were
Example: The girl dresses as if it were summer now.
(The facts: it is not summer now.)
● Would rather
Subject (1) + would rather + Subject (2) + Verb 2 / were
Example: Shana would rather he told the truth.
(The facts: He doesn’t tell the truth.)
● If only
If only + Subject + Verb 2
Example: If only she knew.
(The facts: She doesn’t know.)
2. Past Subjunctive
The Past Subjunctive is used as a conditional sentence that refers to the past, so the fact is also in the Simple Past Tense
● Wish
Subject (1) + wished + Subject (2) + Had + Verb 3 / been
Example: She wished that she had had more time last night.
(The facts: She didn’t have more time last night.)
● As if /As though
Subject (1) + Verb 2 + as if + Had + Verb 3 / been
Example: Kevin looked as though he had seen a ghost.
(The facts: He didn’t see a ghost.)
● Would rather
Subject (1) + would rather + Subject 2 + Had + Verb 3 / been
Example: I would rather he had been here.
(The facts: He was not here.)
● If only
If only + Subject + had + Verb 3 / been
Example: If only Bella had not been at home last night.
(The facts: Rachel was at home last night.)
3. Future Subjunctive
The Future Subjunctive is used as a conditional sentence that refers to the future, so the
fact is also in the Simple Future Tense.
● Wish
Subject (1) + wish + Subject (2) + Could / Would + Verb 1
Example:
I wish you would come to the party tonight.
(The facts: He will not come to the party tonight)
I wish Jeya could come.
(The facts: Jeya can't come)
● It is
Subject (1) + It is + Subject (2) + Could / Would + Verb 1
Example: It’s raining. She wishes it would stop.
(The facts: Now it's still raining and it hasn't stopped)._x000C_
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