BECOMING A

MEMBER OF
SOCIETY
LESSON 3
SOCIALIZATION and
ENCULTURATION
JOHN LOCKE
Human mind at birth is
nothing but a blank slate,
or tabula rasa
 SOCIALIZATION
lifelong process of social interaction through which
people acquire their identities and necessary survival
skills in society.

Socialization is considered the central process of social

life, and is also a process of member recruitment and
replacement.
 Political Socialization
process which enables the development of
citizens to function effectively within a
particular political system.
 Internalization
refers to the as process of accepting the
social norms, attitudes, roles, and values
transmitted by people and social groups
within society as one's own.
 Three significant aspects of socialization:

1. Social context refers to the particular circumstances of a society and consists of its
culture, language, and the social structures that define social class, ethnicity, and
gender.

2. The content and process of socialization refer to how socializing activities are
structured.
 Content refers to ideas. beliefs, behavior, and other information that are passed
on by members of society to the individual; the process refers to the methods
of interaction that enable the content to be given to the person undergoing
socialization.

3. Results refer to the outcomes of socialization, and are evident when individuals
begin to practice the behaviors, attitudes, and values that society considers
necessary for them to function effectively as its members.
 For the part of anthropologists view
socialization in terms of becoming familiar
with one's own culture, and use the term
enculturation to describe the process of
being socialized into a specific culture.
Socialization and enculturation go hand-in-
hand in instilling in the individual the
accepted values, norms, and standards of
behavior in society through social rules on
behavior and laws.
 Agents of Socialization and
Enculturation

Family
School
Peer groups
Mass media
Religion and State
Social and Historical events
 The Family
primary agent of socialization of
an individual upon birth,
throughout infancy, and up to
childhood.
 Schools
have a critical and active role in socialization, as
their various academic and social activities
mold students' beliefs, values, and attitudes.
 Peer Groups
refer to people who share the same interests
or characteristics such as age and social
background.
 Mass Media
includes forms of communication such as
books, magazines, newspapers, other print
materials, radio, television, and movies. It is a
powerful agent of socialization which is widely
used by many institutions and organizations
involved in the use of print and electronic
communication.
 dominant-ideology
pluralist market and elite-values
model model models
portrays media media reflects put emphasis
as an the views of the on the
ideological general public, influence of
marketplace and that media
that enhances presents what
bias in the
debate and they think the activities of
electoral people want. media
choice institutions
 Religion and State
Both religion and state are considered as the
ultimate sources of authority, making the church
and government important agents of
socialization.
 Major Social and Historical Events
 Major social and political events can also be
significant socializing forces for an entire generation.
The changes and developments brought about by
historical events often cause transformations in the
values, attitudes, and views that define societies,
leading to further changes in the behavior and
traditions of societies.