01

ISOLATION OF
GLYCOGEN

DANA MARIE MANALO

02

OBJECTIVES
• To examine the Characteristic of glycogen in
Hungry Liver and Fresh Liver

• To extract the glycogen, present in liver with the

use of chicken

• To fully understand the role of glycogen in a body

 • Test Tube
• Pipette • Filter Paper
• Test Tube Holder • Distilled Water
• Spot Plate • Trichloroacetic
• Mortar and Pestle Acid
• Beaker • Lugol’s Iodine
• Watch Glass • Chicken Liver
• Graduate Cylinder
• Spatula
• Top Loading Balance

MATERIALS 03
EXPERIMENT TIME

PROCEDURE
05
EXPERIMENT TIME

PROCEDURE
05
What do we need to know about
Glycogen?

In humans, glycogen is made and

stored primarily in the cells of the
liver and skeletal muscle. In the
liver, glycogen can make up 5–6%
of the organ's fresh weight, and the
liver of an adult, weighing 1.5 kg,
can store roughly 100–120 grams
of glycogen.

08
RESULTS and Fresh Liver
DISCUSSION
Hungry
Controlled Liver
Water

The solvent move from the

distance of 8.0 cm

05
 IANA R O SE T E LAN ]
BioC HE MIS T RY [ D

I S O L AT I O N O F
S T A R C H
To separate the starch in the
potatoes
To see how much starch we can
get on a potato
To know what color will it turn
OBJECTIVES
when we put iodine
 MATERIA
LS
potatoes Muslin cloth
Knife beaker
Mortar and pestle Petri dish
Weighing scale Test tube
 MATERIA
LS
potatoes Muslin cloth
Knife beaker
Mortar and pestle Petri dish
Weighing scale Test tube
 RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION
Now we can see the starch that had been extracted from the potatoes.
The cells of the root tubers of the potato plant contain leucoplasts or starch grains
that is the reason why we can extract starch in potatoes. When we put the iodine
into the substance, we can see that the substance turns into color blue this indicates
that the substance has a presence of starch. Potato starch provides important
nutrition for humans and animals as well as being utilized for coatings in numerous
industrial processes.
 conclusion
We conclude that potato starch or starch is a substance that can be obtained. Along the course of
the experiment, we had learned the basic steps on the isolation of starch from potatoes with its
corresponding materials. In order for us to collect the starch in the potato, we need to triturate it
well and filter it for 2 to 3 times, then decant the water and put the starch in a separate container.
This also includes the identification of starch through the iodine test which will give a deep blue
color.
 RY S TE L JAE TOS I O]
BioC HE M IS T RY [K

M O L I Sc H T E S T
 To determine the difference
between carbohydrates and other
biomolecules.
 To determine whether or not a
sample contains carbohydrates.
 In order to identify carbohydrate
OBJECTIVES
from other biomolecules
 MOLISH
TEST
° Molisch test is a group test for all
carbohydrates, either free or bound to
proteins or lipids.
° It is a sensitive test that requires precision
for the detection of carbohydrates.
 PRINCIPLE OF MOLISCH
° Molisch’s test is a general test TEST
for all carbohydrates. In this test,
carbohydrates when reacted with
conc. H2SO4 get dehydrated to
form furfural and its derivatives.
MATERIA rEAGENT
LS
Carbohydrates solution ° Molisch’s reagent (alpha -
Alpha naphtol naphthol in 95% ethanol)
Concentrated h2so4 ° Concentrated sulfuric acid
Test tube
Test tube holder
MOLISH
TEST

° Positive Molisch’s Test : The
formation of a purple ring at
the layer formed by the
concentrated acid is a positive
indicator for Molisch’s test.
RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION
° Negative Molisch’s Test : If
no purple or reddish-purple
color forms, the given analyte
does not contain any
carbohydrate.
 conclusion
° The Molisch test is used to determine whether or not a sample contains
carbohydrates. It can be used to identify carbohydrates as a by product of various
processes and distinguish it from other biomolecules. Trioses and tetroses do not
have the necessary five carbon atoms for furfural formation, so they do not give a
positive result for this reaction. Molisch test is not a specific test for carbohydrates.
Furfurals as such or furfural yielding substance, some organic acids like citric acids,
lactic acid, oxalic acid, formic acid, etc. can give a positive result.
 [ ANN E JA S AR E N O]
BioCHEMISTRY

ST A R C H - I O D I N E
T E ST O N F O O D
 TO DETECT THE PRESENCE OF
POLYSACCHARIDES, PRIMARILY
ON STARCH
OBJECTIVES
 MATERIA
LS
Bottle of iodine CHICKEN
Paper towel CHEESE
Dill picles PASTA
Hotdogs APPLES
Banana  POTATOES
corn PEANUTBUTTER
 INDICATO
RS
THE BROWN/YELLOW COLOR
REPRESENTS THE NEGATIVE
RESULT OR THE ABSENCE OF
STARCH TO THE FOOD.
THE BLUE-BLACK COLOR
REPRESENTS THE POSITIVE
RESULT, INDICATING THE
PRESENCE OF STARCH TO THE
FOOD.
 RESUL
ba na n a
Pe a n u
e
t
r e s e TS ta t o
t a
t t c h e po as r n
bu p co
 Throughout the experiment, it is noticeable that the
presence of starch is evident on the samples such as:
BANANA, Potato, CORN,
DISCUSSION
CHEESE, PASTA, POTATOES, AND PEANUT BUTTER

The positive result is drawn since the color appeared from the sample is
black-blue or deep blue.
CONCLUSI
The deep blue color on the food seen on the sample is caused

ON
by the amylose that the starch contains. Iodine reacts to
amylose that gives the observers the color mentioned.
 T RY [ N AM E H E R E]
BioCHEMIS

ST A R C H - I O D I N E
T E ST O N F O O D