World Politics

in the 21st Century

Second Edition
W. Raymond Duncan
Barbara Jancar-Webster
Bob Switky
 Chapter One
The Importance of International Relations

Figure 1.3 Eight Thousand Years of Changes in the Earth’s Forest Cover:
The map compares areas of the planet covered by forests 8000 years ago and in 1998. Which continent has lost the
most of its original forests?
Source: World Resources Institute, Forest Initiative Project (http://www.wri/org/ffi/maps/).
 Chapter Two

The State and Its Role in the International System

Figure 2.2 A Multipolar System

 Chapter Two

The State and Its Role in the International System

Figure 2.3 Unipolar World on the International System-as-a-Whole Level of

Analysis and a Multipolar World at the Regional Level of Analysis
 Chapter Two

The State and Its Role in the International System

Figure 2.5 Russia: The Center and the Periphery

Source: University of Texas Library Online (www.lib.texas.edu/maps/commonwealth/russiaaddivisions.jpg).
 Chapter Three

Power Factors in International Relations

Figure 3.1 China and the Yangtze River

 Chapter Three

Power Factors in International Relations

Figure 3.2 Global Illiteracy Rates

Source: John L. Allen, Student Atlas of World Politics, Fourth Edition, (Guilford, CT: Dushkin/McGraw-Hill, 2000), p. 66.
 Chapter Three

Power Factors in International Relations

Figure 3.3 Population Growth Rates

Source: John L. Allen, Student Atlas of World Politics, Fourth Edition, (Guilford, CT: Dushkin/McGraw-Hill, 2000), p. 60.
 Chapter Three

Power Factors in International Relations

Figure 3.4 An Age of Bipolarity: The Cold War ca. 1970

Source: John L. Allen, Student Atlas of World Politics, Fourth Edition, (Guilford, CT: Dushkin /McGraw-Hill, 2000), p. 26.
 Chapter Four

Foreign Policy Formation and Execution

Figure 4.1 Tools for Foreign Policy Implementation

Source: The United States Naval War College, National Security Decision Making Department, Case Study, 1992-1993.
 Chapter Four

Foreign Policy Formation and Execution

Figure 4.2 Map of Cold War Alignments

Source: John L. Allen, Student Atlas of World Politics, Fourth Edition, (Guilford, CT: Dushkin/McGraw-Hill, 2000), p. 21.
 Chapter Four

Foreign Policy Formation and Execution

Figure 4.3 Ethnic Distribution of Former Yugoslavia

Source: The International Institute for Strategic Studies, Strategic Survey, 1990-1991.
 Chapter Four

Foreign Policy Formation and Execution

Figure 4.4 Foreign Policy input-Output Model

Source: David K. Hall, “An Introduction to Policy Making and Implementation,” The United States Naval War College, National Security
Decision Making Department, Case Study, 1992-1993, p. 3.
 Chapter Four

Foreign Policy Formation and Execution

Figure 4.5 Rational Actor [States] Model

Source: The United States Naval War College, National Security Decision Making Department, Case Study, 1992-1993.
 Chapter Four

Foreign Policy Formation and Execution

Figure 4.6 Organizational Model of Foreign Policy Decision Making

Source: The United States Naval War College, National Security Decision Making Department, Case Study, 1992-1993.
 Chapter Four

Foreign Policy Formation and Execution

Figure 4.7 Political Process Model

Source: The United States Naval War College, National Security Decision Making Department, Case Study, 1992-1993.
 Chapter Five
Intergovernmental Actors

Figure 5.1 Relationship of Assessments to Voting Strength in the

General Assembly
Source: Lawrence Zirling, Robert E. Riggs, and Jack C. Piano, The United Nations: International Organization and
World Politics. Third Edition (Orlando, FL: Harcourt Brace & Company, 2000), p. 61.
Reproduced by permission of the publisher.
 Chapter Five
Intergovernmental Actors

Figure 5.2 Europe: Distinguishing EU Members,

Applicant States, Date of Joining/Application, Non-EU States
Source: European Commission from “Europe” Survey, The Economist, October 23, 1999, p. 4.
 Chapter Five
Intergovernmental Actors

Figure 5.3 Estimated Proven Reserves of Oil

Source: From “BP Amoco Statistical Review of World Energy, 2000.” The Economist, July 15, 2000.
 Chapter Six
Corporate and Nongovernmental Actors

Figure 6.1 Growth of NGOs (1956-1999)

Source: Union for International Associations as quoted in “Swarming: Non-governmental International Organizations,” The Economist,
December 11, 1999, p. 20.
 Chapter Six
Corporate and Nongovernmental Actors

Figure 6.2 Map of China and Tibet

Source: A. Tom Grunfeild, The Making of Modern Tibet (New York: M.E. Sharpe, Inc.) 1997, p. ix.
 Chapter Seven
Political Geography

Figure 7.1 Major Axes of the Continent

Source: Jared Diamond, Guns, Germans, and Steel: the Fates of Human Societies (New York: W.W. Norton, 1998), p. 177.
 Chapter Seven
Political Geography

Figure 7.2 The Fertile Crescent

Source: www.fsmitha.com/hl/map00fe.html
 Chapter Seven
Political Geography

Figure 7.3 Income Received by the Wealthiest 5 Percent of the Population

(Percent of Total Income)
Source: IDB calculations based on Deininger and Squire (1996).
 Chapter Seven
Political Geography

Figure 7.3(b) Income Received by the Poorest 30 Percent of the Population

(Percent of Total Income)
Source: IDB calculations based on Deininger and Squire (1996).
 Chapter Seven
Political Geography

Figure 7.4 Shapes of States Belgium: A Compact State

Source: http://www.cyber.vt.edu/geog1014/topics/108States/shapes.html
 Chapter Seven
Political Geography

Figure 7.4(b) Shapes of States Vietnam: An Elongated State

Source: http://www.mapquest.com/atlas/main.edp?print=vietnam
 Chapter Seven
Political Geography

Figure 7.4 Shapes of States South Africa: A Perforated State

Source: http://www.cyber.vt.edu/geog1014/topics/108States/shape.html.
 Chapter Seven
Political Geography

Figure 7.4(b) Shapes of States Indonesia: A Fragmented State

Source: http://www.cyber.vt.edu/geog1014/topics/108States/shape.html.
 Chapter Seven
Political Geography

Figure 7.4 Shapes of States Afghanistan: A Protruded State

Source: http://www.mapquest.com/atlas/main.adp?print=afghanis
 Chapter Seven
Political Geography

Figure 7.5 Volcanoes and Earthquakes

Source: H. J. de Blij and Peter O. Miller, Physical Geography of the Global Environment, Second Edition
(New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1996), p. 341.
 Chapter Seven
Political Geography

Figure 7.6 Land-locked Countries

Source: http//www.cyber.vt.edu/geog1014/topics/108States/neighbor.html
 Chapter Seven
Political Geography

Figure 7.8 The Gobi Desert

Source: http://chinapage.com/map/map.html
 Chapter Seven
Political Geography

Figure 7.9 Cuba’s Proximity to the United States

Source: Department of State and Department of Defense, The Challenge to Democracy in Latin America, Washington, DC, 1986, p. 5.
 Chapter Seven
Political Geography

Figure 7.10 Map of the Roman Empire: Compare this map of the Roman Empire
to that of the Arab Empire in Figure 7.11
 Chapter Seven
Political Geography

Figure 7.11 The Arab Empire

Source: The National Geographic Society, Peoples and Places of the Past, 1983, p. 137.
 Chapter Seven
Political Geography

Figure 7.12 The Fertile Crescent: Some of the best farmland of the Fertile
Crescent is in a narrow strip of land between the Tigris and Euphrates—
today’s Iraq.
Source: The National Geographic Society, Peoples and Places of the Past, 1983, p. 26.
Chapter Seven Political Geography

Figure 7.13 Today’s Arab World

Source: Cassel & Co., Ltd., 1975
 Chapter Eight
Nationalism and Regionalism

Figure 8.1 Europe’s Industrial Production Zones: The Two Regional Bananas
Source: John Newgouse, “Europe’s Rising Regionalism,” Foreign Affairs, January/February 1997, p. 70.
 Chapter Eight
Nationalism and Regionalism

Figure 8.2 Spain’s Autonomous Regions

Source: DeBlij and Muller, Realms, Regions, and Concepts, p. 90.
 Chapter Nine
Global Violence: Wars, Weapons and Terrorism

Figure 9.1 Northern Spain and Southern France Highlighting the Basque Region
Source: The Economist, March 18, 2000, p. 52.
 Chapter Ten
Global Justice: Women, Poverty and
Human Rights

Figure 10.1 Urban Poor by Region

Source: UN Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat), State of the World Cities Report 2001, p. 18.pdf.
 Chapter Ten
Global Justice: Women, Poverty and
Human Rights

Figure 10.2 Incidence of Extreme Poverty: Under $1.00 a Day

Source: http://www.cgiar.org/tac/meetings /meet0100/maps.pdf
 Chapter Ten
Global Justice: Women, Poverty and
Human Rights

Figure 10.3 Poorest Fifth’s Share of National Consumption

Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
http://www.oecd.org/dac/Indicators/htm/map3.htm.
 Chapter Ten
Global Justice: Women, Poverty and
Human Rights

Figure 10.4 Ratio of Girls to Boys in Primary and Secondary Education (%)
Source: http://www.developmentgoals.org/Gender_Equality.htm
 Chapter Ten
Global Justice: Women, Poverty and
Human Rights

Figure 10.5 Life Expectancy at Birth

Source: http://www.worldbank.org/depweb/english/modules/social/life/t-map.html (OECD)
 Chapter Eleven
International Political Economy I: The Advanced
Industrial Countries

Figure 11.1 Balance of Trade: Impact on a Country’s Reserves

Source: Adapted from Joshua Goldstein, International Relations, Second Edition (New York: Addison Wesley Longman, 1997), p. 324.
 Chapter Eleven
International Political Economy I: The Advanced
Industrial Countries

Figure 11.2 Degrees of Economic Policy Coordination

 Chapter Eleven
International Political Economy I: The Advanced
Industrial Countries

Figure 11.3 Share of World Trade by Country

Source: Data from Eurostat.
 Chapter Eleven
International Political Economy I: The Advanced
Industrial Countries

Figure 11.4 The EU’s Main Trade Partners

Source: Data from Eurostat.
 Chapter Eleven
International Political Economy I: The Advanced
Industrial Countries

Figure 11.5 The Relationship between Environmental Degradation and Poverty

 Chapter Twelve
International Political Economy II:
The Politics of Development

Figure 12.1 Poverty Headcount Index

Source: World Bank as reported in “Old Battle; New Strategy,” The Economist January 8, 2000.
 Chapter Twelve
International Political Economy II:
The Politics of Development

Figure 12.2 The Dependency Explanation for How the Rich Exploit the Poor
As the diagram suggests, multinational corporations from rich countries set up shop (invest) In Third world countries,
usually with assistance from wealthy Third World capitalists (the “core in the periphery”). Profits from the MNC operations
in the periphery are then sent back to the home country leaving the peripheral country not better (or even worse)
off than before the investment.
 Chapter Twelve
International Political Economy II:
The Politics of Development

Figure 12.3 Turbulent Africa

Source: From Foreign Policy, Spring 1999, volume 114, p. 15.
 Chapter Thirteen
The Global Environment and the
Pollution Problem

Figure 13.1 Model of the GAIA Principle and Environmental Surprise

Source: Barbara Jancar-Webster, “Technology and Environment in Eastern Europe in James R. Scanlan (ed.)
Technology, Culture , and Development: The Experience of the Soviet Model.
 Chapter Thirteen
The Global Environment and the
Pollution Problem

Figure 13.2 Leading Causes of Death, 2001

Source: The World Health Organization, world Health Report, 2002, Annex: Table 2 “Death by Cause, Sex, and Mortality Stratum in WHO Regions”.
http://www.who.int/whr/en/ or http://www.who.int/whr/2002/en/
 Chapter Thirteen
The Global Environment and the
Pollution Problem

Figure 13.3a Net Annual Migration Totals, 1995-2000

Source: Data derived from United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division,
International Migration Report 2002 (New York: United Nations Press, 2002) pp.11-15 and UN Wall Graph, “International Migration, 2002.”
 Chapter Thirteen
The Global Environment and the
Pollution Problem

Figure 13.3b Net Annual Migration Rates, 1995-2000

Source: Data derived from United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division,
International Migration Report 2002 (New York: United Nations Press, 2002) pp.11-15 and UN Wall Graph, “International Migration, 2002.”
 Chapter Thirteen
The Global Environment and the
Pollution Problem

Figure 13.4 Global Population Trends, 1950-2050

Source World Resources Institute, World Resources 1998-1999, (http://www.wri.org/powenpoint/trends).
Data from United Nations Population Division, Long Range World Population Projections: Two Centuries of World Population
Growth 1950-2000, Table 6, p. 22.
 Chapter Thirteen
The Global Environment and the
Pollution Problem

Figure 13.5 Stabilization Rate Data and Predictions, 1950-2050

Source World Resources Institute, World Resources 1998-1999, (http://www.wri.org/powenpoint/trends).
Data from United Nations Population Division, World Population Prospects 1950-2050 (1996 Revision).
 Chapter Thirteen
The Global Environment and the
Pollution Problem

Figure 13.6 Model of the Greenhouse Effect from IPCC Study

Source: J.T. Houghton, et as. (eds) Climate Change: the IPCC Scientific Assessment (Cambridge University Press, 1990).
 Chapter Thirteen
The Global Environment and the
Pollution Problem

Figure 13.7 World Commercial Energy Supply, 1998

Source: http://www.wri.org/powerpoints.oil.sld001.htm.
 Chapter Thirteen
The Global Environment and the
Pollution Problem

Figure 13.8 Global Oil Consumption by Sector, 1998

Source: http://www.wri.org/powerpoints.oil.sld014.htm.
 Chapter Thirteen
The Global Environment and the
Pollution Problem

Figure 13.9 Motor Vehicle Trends, 1946-1995

Source: (http://www.wri.org/powerpoints.oil.sld026.htm.) Data from American Automobile Manufacturers Association, World Motor Vehicle Data 1993
p. 23 and Motor Vehicle Pacts and Figures 1996, p.44.
 Chapter Thirteen
The Global Environment and the
Pollution Problem

Figure 13.10 Regional Shares of Global Energy Consumption

Source: Compiled from world Energy Organization, World energy Outlook: 2002, figure 2.3: “Regional shares in World Primary Demand”
(http://www.worldenergyoutlook.org/weo/pubs/weo2002/weo2002.asp).
 Chapter Thirteen
The Global Environment and the Pollution Problem

Figure 13.11 Water Stress

Source: World Water Organization, Water Demand and Scarcity, p.5.pdf, at http://www.worldwater.org/waterData.htm.
 Chapter Thirteen
The Global Environment and the
Pollution Problem

Figure 13.12 World Water Use By Consumption Category and Region

Source: World Resources Institute, 1988-1999 world Resources (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000), p. 188.