Q

MODULO ART
INTRODUCTION

There is a close relationship between mathematics and

art.
The mathematician uses creative means to define and
explore new mathematical structures while the artist
searches for dynamic structures on which to base new
images.
Both explore the many facets of an idea in order to
discover unique or unusual pattern relationships.
Therefore, it is not unreasonable for the artist to use
mathematical structures as a basis for generating interesting
designs.
OBJECTIVES
1. To develop fundamental ideas of modulo arithmetic.

2. To generate patterns, grids and its variations such as

converging and kaleidoscopic using modulo
arithmetic.

3. To develop student’s ability to use mathematical

structures competently and foster creative thinking
and abilities.
DEFINITION

Modular art is art created by joining

together standardized units (modules) to form
larger, more complex compositions. In some
works the units can be subsequently moved,
removed and added to – that is, modulated – to
create a new work of art, different from the
original or ensuing configurations.
CONGRUENCE ARITHMETIC
The idea of modulo arithmetic
was developed by use of the clock.
Example:
If the time is 3 o’clock, what time will
it be in 14 hours?

Notice that after 14 hours it is 5’o

clock and not 17 because the only
numbers in the clock are 1,2,3, …..,
12.
After 12, the numbers begin again at
1. Notice also that 17 divided by 12
leaves a remainder of 5.
M
O
Modulo 5
D
U
L
+ 0 1 2 3 4
O
A
RI
0 0 1 2 3 4
T
H 1 1 2 3 4 0
M
ET
IC 2 2 3 4 0 1
3 3 4 0 1 2
4 4 0 1 2 3
M
O
Modulo 5
D
U
L
- 0 1 2 3 4
O
A
RI
0 0 4 3 2 1
T
H 1 1 0 4 3 2
M
ET
IC 2 2 1 0 4 3
3 3 2 1 0 4
4 4 3 2 1 0
M
O
Modulo 5
D
U
L
X 0 1 2 3 4
O
A
RI
0 0 0 0 0 0
T
H 1 0 1 2 3 4
M
ET
IC 2 0 2 4 1 3
3 0 3 1 4 2
4 0 4 3 2 1
LATIN
SQUAR
ES
LE Modulo 5
V + 0 1 2 3 4
EL 0 0 1 2 3 4
I 1 1 2 3 4 0 LAT
SQUA
2 2 3 4 0 1
3 3 4 0 1 2
4 4 0 1 2 3
 Grid Construction
ROTATION
LE O1 2 3 4

O1
4 O

2 3
1 2
3 4
II I
V 1 2 3 4 O
2 3 4 O1

O
4

2
1

3
EL 3+ 4 O0 1 12 2 3 4

2 3

4 O
O1

3 4
1 2
I 40O 10 2 13 2 2 3 1 3 O 4
4 LATIN SQ
4 O

1
2 3
1 2 3 4 0
1 2
O1
3 4

III IV
1 2 O 4 3
2 2 3 O14 4 0 3 1
2
O
1
3
2

3 3 4 0 1 2
4 O 3 2 1
4 O
2 3
O1
1 2

3 4

3 4 2 1 O
4 4 0 1 2 3
 ROTATION
LE
O1 2 3 4
O1 2 3 4

O1
4 O

2 3
1 2
3 4
V 1 2 3 4 O

1 2 3 4 O
2 3 4 O1

O
4

2
1

3
EL 3 4 O 1 2

2 3

4 O
O1

3 4
1 2
I
2 3 4 O1
4 O 1 2 3 2 3 1 O 4 LATIN S
4 O

2 3
1 2
O1
3 4

3 4 O1 2
1 2 O 4 3
O1 4 3 2
O
3

1
2

4 O 3 2 1
4 O1 2 3
4 O
1 2
2 3
3 4
O1

3 4 2 1 O
 Legend:

O1 2 3 4
0
1 2 3 4 O
1
2 3 4 O1 2
3 4 O1 2
4 O1 2 3
3
4
LE MODULO 5 - ROTATION
V
EL
I LATIN S
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3
1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0
2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1
3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 REPETITI
ON
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3
1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0
2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1
3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 HOME
0 1 2 3 3 2 1 0
1 2 3 0 0 3 2 1
2 3 0 1 1 0 3 2
3 0 1 2 2 1 0 3 REFLECT
ION
3 2 1 0 0 1 2 3
0 3 2 1 1 2 3 0
1 0 3 2 2 3 0 1
2 1 0 3 3 0 1 2
 3

0
2
1
0 1 2 3

2
1
3
0
1 2 3 0

1
0
3
2
2 3 0 1

0
3
1
3 0 1 2 ROTATIO
2 1 0 3
N
1
2
3
0

1 0 3 2
2
3
0
1

0 3 2 1
0
3
1
2

3 2 1 0
1
2
0

3
)

CONV
SEG
 Grid Construction
LE
V
EL
2 CONV
SEG
 Grid Construction

CONVERGING
SEGMENT
 Grid Construction

CONVERGING
SEGMENT
 Grid Construction

CONVERGING
SEGMENT
 Grid Construction

CONVERGING
SEGMENT
 Modulo 4 (Rotation)

O
12

1
2
3
3

1 2 3 O

12
O
3
2 3 O

O
1

3
1 2

O
3 O

1
2

3
2 1 O 3

3O
3

1
2
O 3 2

O
1
12

1
2
3O 2 1
3
O

12 O
O

3
1
2
3
Legend: Modulo 4 (Rotation)

O
0

1
1 2 3

CONV
SEG
2
1 2 3 O

2 3 O 1
3 3 O 1 2
LE
V
EL
2 CONV
SEG
STANDARD
KALEIDOSCOPE
 3
2 STANDA
0 RD

3
KALEIDOS
COPE
1

2 1
0 2
0 3 01 GRID
CONSTRUC

2
1

3 TION

GRID
 3

0
2
3

1
0
1
2

2
3

2
0
1 STAND

2
0 2

3
1
0 ARD

3
3 KALEIDOS

0
2

3
1 COPE

0
2

3
0

1
3

2
3

1
0 2
1

2
1
0

1
1

0
2

3
3
0

0
3

0 0
2
3
3

1 GRID

3
2

3 CONSTRUC
2

1
TION
2
2

1
1
2
0
1

2 0
3
1

3
0
0
0 1
0 1

2
0 1

3
0 1

3
0 1

3
0 1

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0 1

3
ROTATI
ON
REFLECT
ION
CIRCUL
AR
KALEIDOSC
OPE
 0
3

2
0

1 1

3
1
2

0
0

2
3

2
1

1
2

0
3

3
 0
3

2
0

1 3 1

1
2

0 2
3

2
1

1
2

0
3

3
 0

3
0
3
2 1

1
2

0 2
2
3
1

1
0
3

3
 0

3
3
1
2 1
4

4 2
2
1
2

1
0
4

3
 0

3
0
3
2 1
2

0 2
2
3
1

1
0
3

3
 0

3
3
1
2 1
4

4 2
2
1
2

1
3
4

3
 0

3
0
3
2 1
2

0 2
2
3
2

1
3

3
 0

3
3
1
2 1
4

4 2
1
2

3
 0

3
3
1
2 1
4

4 2
1
2

3
 0

3
0
3
2 1
2

0 2
3
1

3
ROTATI
ON

home
REFLECT
ION
 Oscar S.
Juan Principal I
CABUAAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
BAUTISTA, PANGASINAN