We say that we did work if we influenced a constant force on a

body and caused it to move in a certain direction

‫وتسبب‬ ‫معين‬
‫ت‬
If this force did not cause a displacement of the body ((‫خطا‬

There are many different forms of work in nature, such as

mechanical work, electrical work, thermal work

-Work Done by a Constant Force

‫يجب األخذ باإلعتبار‬
consideration must be given not only to the magnitude of force
but also its direction
‫مركبه القوه األفقيه‬
We find that the horizontal force component influence on the
car in the state (b) is greater than the state (a).
‫إذا كانت اتجاه القوه في نفس اتجاه االزاحه فالشغل المبذول اكبر‬
0= ‫عندما تكون عاموديه على اتجاه االزاحه(اتجاه الحركه )ال تتحرك الشغل‬

we find that the force in the state (c) does not cause any
movement of the body since the force is perpendicular to the
direction of motion ‫عاموديه‬
‫من الضروري مراعاه‬
it is necessary to take into account the vector direction of the
force F and the displacement caused by this force r
‫االزاحة التي تسببت بها هذه القوه‬

The work W done on a system : is the product of

the magnitude F of the force, the magnitude r of
the displacement of the point of application of the
force

where O: is the angle between the force and displacement

vectors ‫حيث ثيتا هي الزاويه مابين متجهي القوه واالزاحه‬

When the force vector is perpendicular to the displacement

vector, that is,0 = 90t he magnitude of work is equal to zero
‫يعتمد‬ ‫بالنسبه‬
work also depends on the direction of F relative to r

The work done by the applied force on a system is positive when

the projection of F onto r is in the same direction as the
displacement ‫موجب اذا كان اتجاه القوه و اإلزاحه بنفس المكان‬
 When the projection of F onto r is in the direction opposite the
displacement, W is negative. ‫تكون سالبه اذا كان اتجاه القوه معاكس التجاه االزاحه‬

Work in the international system (is) measured in units of Joule

Joule :is defined as the work done by a force

of one Newton when influencing a
displacement of one meter on the direction
of the force
‫ عندما‬1N ‫الجول هو عباره عن الشغل المبذول بواسطه قوه‬
‫ في اتجاه القوه‬1m ‫تؤثر على ازاحه‬
‫الطاقه تنتقل الى الجسم‬
When the work done on the system is positive, the energy is
transferred to it, and when the work is negative, the energy is
transferred from the system. ‫ الطاقه تنتقل الى الجسم – من الجسم‬+ ‫الشغل يكون‬
‫الطاقه تنتقل من الجس‬
‫يغيب الشغل بالرغم من حضور قوه مطبقه‬
Work is absent even in the presence of an applied force, as
energy has not been transmitted to and from the system,
‫اذا لما تنتقل الطاقه من والى النظام‬
Such as the centrifugal force in the case of the rotational motion
of a-body ‫مثل قوه الطرد المركزي في حاله الحركه الدورانيه‬
For example, the movement of the Earth's rotation in its orbit
‫يدور‬
around the sun
it does not work because the kinetic energy of the body has not
changed, and the direction of force is perpendicular to the
direction of movement.
Body is said to have a kinetic energy KE if it is able to produce a work,
so everybody can move at a velocity v has an amount of KE
‫واي جسم يتحرك بسرعه يمتلك طاقه حركي‬, ‫يقال ان للجسم طاقه حركيه اذا كان قادر على بذل شغل‬
Potential Energy: is also measured
in joules(J) is positive if‫المرجعي‬
the body is
higher than the reference level,
and negative if the body is below
this level
but the change in the potential
energy PE is a fixed amount that
does not depend on the
reference level.

PE= m g h ‫لكن التغير في طاقه الوضع هي مقدار ثابت ال تعتمد على تغير‬
 ‫نظريه الشغل والطاقه‬
Work and Energy theory: ‫الطاقه ال تفنى وال تستحدث من العدم‬
“energy is neither destroyed not created from scratch"

The work done of any system is equal to the sum of the change
in the kinetic and potential energy
‫الشغل المبذول على أي نظام = مجموع التغير في طاقتي الوضع والحركه‬

‫القدره‬ ‫هو التغير في معدل الشغل‬

Power :is defined as the rate of work done, measured in units of
watt