Dr. Eng.

Ahmed Said, PhD, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Paderborn University, Germany

Ch 5: Conductors, dielectrics, and capacitance

:Ex 1
Dr. Eng. Ahmed Said, PhD, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Paderborn University, Germany
 Dr. Eng. Ahmed Said, PhD, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Paderborn University, Germany

:Ex 2
 .Dr. Eng. Ahmed Said, PhD, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Paderborn University, Germany

:Ex 3
The plates of a parallel plate capacitor are separated by
a distance d = 1 mm. what must be the plate area if the
Capacitance is to be 1 F
Solution

Cd (1)(0.001)
A   1.1x10 m
8 2

 0 8.854 x10 12

 Dr. Eng. Ahmed Said, PhD, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Paderborn University, Germany

1 2
  𝑉 𝑜 
𝜇= 𝜖 𝐸 𝐸=
2 𝑑
:Ex 4
Dr. Eng. Ahmed Said, PhD, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Paderborn University, Germany

) a(
Dr. Eng. Ahmed Said, PhD, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Paderborn University, Germany

) b(

)( )0.5( = 100 2 

K = 1.144

)c(
.Dr. Eng. Ahmed Said, PhD, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Paderborn University, Germany

Cylindrical Capacitors

Spherical Capacitors
 Dr. Eng. Ahmed Said, PhD, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Paderborn University, Germany

:Ex 5
The inner and outer cylindrical conductors of a long
Coaxial cable, used to transmit TV signals, have
Diameters a = 0.15 mm and b = 2.1 mm. What is the
?Capacitance per unit length of this cable
 .Dr. Eng. Ahmed Said, PhD, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Paderborn University, Germany

Capacitors connected in parallel -1

q is distributed and V is constant

q  q1  q 2  q 3
C eq V  C 1V1  C 2V 2  C 3V 3
V  V1  V 2  V 3
.Dr. Eng. Ahmed Said, PhD, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Paderborn University, Germany

Capacitors connected in series -2

q is constant and V is distributed

q  q1  q 2  q 3

V  V1  V 2  V 3
q q q q
  
C eq C1 C2 C3
 .Dr. Eng. Ahmed Said, PhD, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Paderborn University, Germany

:Ex 6

What is the capacitance of the earth, viewed as an

?isolated conducting sphere of radius 6370 km
Solution

C  4 0 a
 4 (8 . 854 x10 12
)( 6370000 )
4
 7 . 1 x10 F
 .Dr. Eng. Ahmed Said, PhD, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Paderborn University, Germany

What capacitance is required to store an energy of 10 -7

?kW.h at a potential difference of 1000 V
Solution

U = 10 x 1000 x 3600 = 36000000 J

1
U  CV 2

2
6
2U 2 (36 x10 )
C 2  2
 72 F
V (1000 )
 .Dr. Eng. Ahmed Said, PhD, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Paderborn University, Germany

A parallel plate air filled capacitor having area 40 cm2 -8

and plate spacing 1 mm is charged to a potential
difference of 600 V. Find (a) the capacitance (b) the
magnitude of the charge of each plate (c) the stored
Energy (d) the electric field between the plates, and (e)
? the energy density between the plates
Solution

12 4
(8.854 x10 )(40 x10 )
C 3
 35.42 PF
10
 .Dr. Eng. Ahmed Said, PhD, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Paderborn University, Germany

12
q  CV  (35.42 x10 )(600)  21.25nC

1 9
U  qV  0.5 x(21.25x10 )(600)  6.4mJ
2

3
E  V / d  600 / 10  600000N / C

1 1
   0 E  (8.854x10 )(600000)  1.6 J / m
2 12 2 3

2 2
 .Dr. Eng. Ahmed Said, PhD, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Paderborn University, Germany

A parallel plate capacitor of plate area A is filled with -9

two dielectrics as in the figure. Show that the
capacitance is given by

 0 A k1  k 2 k1 k2 d
C ( )
d 2
Solution

 0 k1 ( A / 2)
C1 
d C1 C2
 0 k 2 ( A / 2)
C2 
d
 .Dr. Eng. Ahmed Said, PhD, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Paderborn University, Germany

The two capacitors are in parallel

Ceq  C1  C2

 0 k1 ( A / 2)  0 k 2 ( A / 2)
Ceq  
d d

 0 A k1  k 2
Ceq  ( )
d 2
 .Dr. Eng. Ahmed Said, PhD, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Paderborn University, Germany

A parallel plate capacitor of plate area A is filled with -10

two dielectrics as in the figure. Show that the
capacitance is given by

2 0 A k1k 2 k1
C ( ) d
d k1  k 2 k2

Solution
 0 k1 A
C1  C1
d /2
 0 k2 A C2
C2 
d /2
 .Dr. Eng. Ahmed Said, PhD, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Paderborn University, Germany

The two capacitors are in series C1C2

Ceq 
C1  C2
 0 k1 A  0 k 2 A
( )( )
Ceq  d / 2 d / 2
 0 k1 A  0 k2 A
( )( )
d /2 d /2
 0 k1 A  0 k 2 A 0 A
( )( ) ( )(k1k 2 )
 d /2 d /2  d /2
0 A [ k  k ]
( )[k1  k 2 ] 1 2
d /2
2 0 A k1k 2
 Ceq  ( )
d k1  k 2
 .Dr. Eng. Ahmed Said, PhD, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Paderborn University, Germany

What is the capacitance of the capacitor, of plate area -11

?A, shown in the figure

Solution

d, A/2
k2
k1 C2 k2
k1 d
C1 2d k3
C3 d
2d, A/2 k3
d, A/2
 .Dr. Eng. Ahmed Said, PhD, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Paderborn University, Germany

k 1  0 ( A / 2 ) k 1 0 A
C1  
2d 4d
k 2 0 ( A / 2 ) k 2 0 A
C2  
d 2d
k 3 0 ( A / 2 ) k 3 0 A
C3  
d 2d
k 2 0 A k3 0 A
( )( )
C 2 C3 2 d 2 d  0 A k 2 k3
C23   ( )( )
C 2  C3 0 A 2 d k  k
( )(k 2  k3 ) 2 3
2d
.Dr. Eng. Ahmed Said, PhD, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Paderborn University, Germany

k1 0 A  0 A k 2 k 3
C eq  C 23  C1   ( )
4d 2d k2  k3
 0 A k1 k2k3
 [  ]
2d 2 k2  k3
 .Dr. Eng. Ahmed Said, PhD, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Paderborn University, Germany

A parallel plate capacitor has circular plates of 8.2 cm -12

radius and 1.3 mm separation (a) calculate the
capacitance, and (b) what charge will appear on the
?plates if a potential difference of 120 V is applied

Solution

Given: r = 8.2 cm, d = 1.3 mm, and V = 120 V

Req: C, and q

A   r   ( 0 .082 )  0 .0211 m
2 2 2
.Dr. Eng. Ahmed Said, PhD, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Paderborn University, Germany

0 A
C
d
12
(8.854 x10 )(0.0211)
 3
1.3x10
10
 1.43x10 F

 10
q  CV  (1 . 43 x10 )( 120 )
8
 1 . 72 x10 C
 .Dr. Eng. Ahmed Said, PhD, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Paderborn University, Germany

The plates of a spherical capacitor have radii 38 mm -13

and 40 mm. (a) Calculate the capacitance (b) What must
be the plate area of a parallel plate capacitor with the
?same plate separation and capacitance

Solution
ab
C  4 0 ( )
ba
38 x 40
 4 (8.854 x10 12
)( )(10  3 )  84 .6 pF
40  38
.Dr. Eng. Ahmed Said, PhD, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Paderborn University, Germany

12
8.854 x10 A
12
84 .6 x10  3
2 x10
A  0.019 m 2
 .Dr. Eng. Ahmed Said, PhD, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Paderborn University, Germany

What capacitance is required to store an energy of -14

?10 kW.h at a potential difference of 1000 V
Solution

U = 10 x 1000 x 3600 = 36000000 J

1
U  CV 2

2
6
2U 2 (36 x10 )
C 2  2
 72 F
V (1000 )
.Dr. Eng. Ahmed Said, PhD, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Paderborn University, Germany
.Dr. Eng. Ahmed Said, PhD, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Paderborn University, Germany
.Dr. Eng. Ahmed Said, PhD, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Paderborn University, Germany
.Dr. Eng. Ahmed Said, PhD, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Paderborn University, Germany
.Dr. Eng. Ahmed Said, PhD, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Paderborn University, Germany
.Dr. Eng. Ahmed Said, PhD, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Paderborn University, Germany
.Dr. Eng. Ahmed Said, PhD, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Paderborn University, Germany