ECE 640: Intro to

Biomedical Engineering

-Guruprasad A. Giridharan
Human Circulatory System
The Heart
Natural Control
Nervous
Humoral
Local
Failing Heart
Why it happens?
Effects
Why Model?

 Learning tool
 Inexpensive research tool
 First step of device design
 Predict effects and deepen understanding
 Play GOD !! (idealizations, assumption,
know true values)
Modeling:
Human Circulatory System

Utah Circulation Model (UCM)

Modeling Assumptions

 Physical parameters are linear and lumpable

 Blood flow is influenced only by pressure,
resistance and compliance
 Blood is a Newtonian fluid
 Ideal valves
 Resistance and compliance remains constant
for any block (except heart)
Modeling:
Active and Passive blocks

P= Pressure, V= Volume, C= Compliance, F= Flow rate,

R=Resistance
Modeling:
Human Circulatory System
Modeling:
Valves
Modeling:
Failing LH, during rest
Modeling:
Failing LH, during exercise
Ventricular Assist Device

What is a VAD
Axial & Centrifugal
Flow VADs
How does it help? ©2000 MicroMed Technology, Inc

VAD Control
Objectives
Adequate perfusion
Avoiding Suction
Low rpm
oscillations
Sensor Issues ©2000 MicroMed Technology, Inc

Previous strategies
The DeBakey/NASA VAD
Modeling:
Ventricular Assist Device

 VAD Model
 Equations & Assumptions
 RPM
 Torque
 Flow
Modeling:
Ventricular Assist Device

J= Inertia of the rotor, Te= Motor Torque, Tp= Load Torque,

= rpm, I= Amplitude of phase current, Fp= Pump Flow rate
Modeling:
Model Integration
Modeling: Axial Flow VAD
Model Integration
Modeling:
Model Integration
Modeling:
Model Integration
Control

 Control Objective
 RPM constraint
 Why P setpoint ?
 Equations
 PI VAD controller
 Simulation Results
Control:
Constraints and Objective function
Control:
Control Schematic with 3 sensors
VAD Control:
Weak LH, Centrifugal VAD, at rest
No VAD:
Weak LH, during rest
Performance of the PI VAD
Controller
Sensor Issues

 Required 3 sensors (2 pressure, 1 rpm)

 Pressure sensors unreliable
 Data Noise
 Estimate pressure using rpm and current
 Extended Kalman filter for estimation
1 Sensor (rpm sensor only)
Weak LH with VAD, during rest
1 Sensor (rpm sensor only)
Weak LH with VAD, during rest
Performance of the PI VAD
Controller with P Estimator
Artificial Vasculature
Device (AVD)

 Conceptual recovery directed device.

 No damage to the left ventricle.
 Ability to alter the impedence seen by the
LV.
 Increase coronary perfusion by counter-
pulsation.
Design and In-vivo setup

Inlet Filling Outlet

Valve Valve Transonic
From Transonic
Aorta InflowProbe
OutflowProbe
LVPressure/Volume
Catheter

OutflowCannula
Inlet Emptying Outlet
Valve Valve Return
toAorta
Transonic
CoronaryArtery Artificial Vasculature
FlowProbe Concept Device
Intramyocardial
Artificial Vasculature PressureTransducer
Concept Device
Linear Actuator InflowCannula
ToPower Supply
andController
Artificial Vasculature
Device (AVD)
Aortic Artificial
Valve Valve
Left Heart Aorta

F
S

Flow P
F Sensor S
S
AVD Rref
Pressure
P Sensor
S Ract
e
Filter Controller

S.V
Modeling of the AVD
Reduce resistance and
increase cardiac output
Reducing Resistance
Controller action