AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE

SYSTEMS
CIA 3

Noise Reduction
for
Internal Combustion Chandan Chaudhary- 1458602
Engine Ishan Krishan- 1417615
(Test and Optimization of a Muffler) Adishesha Sairam KB- 1459501
Aslam Khan - 1417620

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 INTRODUCTION:
• Different types of Mufflers and designs of
Exhaust System belonging to different engines
will be studied.
• Aim is to choose a Muffler design which will
reduce the noise level and of the engine.

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 Why a Muffler?
• Internal combustion engines are generating the acoustic pulse by the
combustion process. This noise is controlled through the use of silencers and
mufflers.
• A silencer has been the traditional name for noise attenuation devices,
while a muffler is smaller, mass-produced device designed to reduce engine
exhaust noise.
• Continuous development has been made in improving performance of the
silencer used for automotive exhaust systems.
• Exhaust mufflers are widely employed to muffle the noise of an engine body
or the noise of other predominant sources in vehicles.
• In order to maintain a desired noise and comfortable ride, the modes of a
muffler need to be analyzed.
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Requirements for a Muffler Design
• Quiet
• Simple Maintenance
• Performance
• Compact design
• Light Weight
• Reduce the loud sounds
• Replaceable
• Maintains backpressure
• Easy mounting
• Within the budget
• Easy manufacturing 4
 Construction of a Muffler
The conventional muffler is an enclosed metal tube packed with
sound deadening material. Inside a muffler, it contains a simple set of
tubes with some holes in them. These tubes and chambers are
actually designed to reflect the sound waves produced by the engine
in such a way that partially cancels them out.
Most conventional mufflers are rounded or oval-shaped with an inlet
and outlet pipe. Some mufflers contain partitions to help reduce
noise. Muffler design is traditionally a trial and error process.

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 Types of Muffler
• Reactive Muffler
• Absorptive Muffler
• Combination Muffler/silencer
• Heat recovery Muffler/Silencer
• Active Silencer

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 How to Select a Muffler
• Determine the exhaust flow and acceptable backpressure of
engine
• A free-Flowing air intake and exhaust system in vehicle
• Bumber of inlets, single or dual system.
• Diameter of pipe, inlet and outlet
• Size of the muffler
• Material used, Stainless steel muffler offers superior, corrosion
resistance, durability, and life span than the aluminized steel
muffler.
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Overview
• Objectives:
• Sound attenuation for
performance cars
• Minimal performance
degradation
• Engine - lawnmower
(Briggs & Stratton)

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Engine Noise Characteristics
Sound Sources

Pressure Waves

• Engine Firing  Mean Eff ecti ve Pressure

Frequency

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Engine Noise Characteristics

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 Design Options
 HELMHOLTZ RESONATOR  CONCENTRIC TUBE RESONATOR

 ABSORPTION MUFFLER

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 RESONATOR DEMONSTRATION
MODULE
CONCENTRIC TUBE RESONATOR  HELMHOLTZ RESONATOR

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 RESONATOR TEST SET-
UP
CONCENTRIC TUBE
RESONATOR
Concentric Tube
Tests:
-1. Vary
Frequency
-2. Vary Length
TONE GENERATOR
(LAPTOP) SOUND LEVEL
SPEAKERS
METER

Helmholtz
Tests:
-1. Vary
frequency
HELMHOLTZ
RESONATOR

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 CONCENTRIC TUBE TEST 1
RESULTS
• Fixed Length, Vary
Frequency
• Predicted:
• ½ & ¼ -> max
reduction
• Magnitude ~ 10 dB
• Result:
• Max 4dB
• Offset from
Predicted

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HELMHOLTZ RESONATOR TEST
RESULTS
• Prediction:
• High reduction
• Narrow Band
• Result:
• Reduction offset
• Higher F -> higher
reduction
• Errors Sources:
• Simple Equation

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 Absorption Muffler Overview
Outer steel casing
Perforated inner steel pipe
5 shapes
Steel end caps
Packing material in cavity
3 materials
3 densities

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 Absorption Muffler:
Material & Density Options
Fiberglass  Fiberglass & Mineral
Wool:
 175, 200, and 225 g/L
 Steel Wool:
Mineral Wool  Grades 0000, 1, and 4

Steel Wool

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 Absorption Muffler Testing
Test 1: Optimal Packing Material & Density
Standard Shape Option only

Test 2: Optimal Shape

Optimal Material & Density only

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Optimal material Results

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 Optimal Shape Results
dB Comparison Average

98.0

96.0

94.0

92.0

Baseline
90.0 B as eline
Standard
dB Readings

S tandard
Short
88.0 S hort
Cavity
C avity
Thin
86.0 Sine Thin
S in
84.0

82.0

80.0

78.0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Distance from M uffler (ft)
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•References:
• Bell, Lewis H. Industrial noise control: Fundamentals and
Applications. New York : M. Dekker, 1982. Print.
• http://
students.sae.org/competitions/formulaseries/rules/2011fs
aerules.pdf
• edge.rit.edu/edge/P11221/public/ASME%20pres
%20final.ppt
• Mr. Jigar H. Chaudhri et al Int. Journal of Engineering
Research and Applications www.ijera.com ISSN : 2248-
9622, Vol. 4, Issue 1( Version 2), January 2014, pp.220-223

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THANK YOU

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