Experimental Effect of Two-Phase Flow

of Crude Oil-Water in Horizontal Pipes

Against Centrifugal Pump
Performance with Impeller Variations
Adi Kurnia Muktabar
Eflita Yohana
Student of Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University
E-mail: addi.kurnia@rocketmail.com

Novaldy Dg Matodjo-2102010
preliminary
A centrifugal pump is one of the turbomachine which are commonly
used in the oil and gas industry,chemical industry and power
generation due to several advantages, there are high flow rates and
consistent , low cost , ease of maintenance and better operational
stability . Basically , the pump is designed by the manufacturer for
single phase fluid flow in which the pump has to have its own
characteristics for their intended use . Likewise, the performance
generated by a pump would be maximized in accordance with design
specifications when used according to regulations

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pump specifications

As for he equipment used to support this research process is as follows:

a. Centrifugal pump, to move liquid fluid from one place to another.
b. Electric motor, to rotate the pump shaft.
c. Suction PVC pipe, in diameter and compressed PVC pipe, in diameter.
d. Vacuum gauge, to measure suction pressure.
e. Pressure gauge, to measure the discharge pressure.
f. Flowmeter, to measure flow rate.
g. Storage tank made of acrylic material with a volume of 50 liters.
h. Suction valve and pressure valve, to adjust the size of the fluid flow capacity.
i. Digital tachometer, to measure the rotational speed of the pump shaft.
j. Digital voltmeter, to measure voltage.
k. Digital ammeter, to measure electric current.
l. Pump load indicator, to measure the loading force on the pump shaft.
m. Ruler, to measure the water level between the suction side and the pressure side.
n. Drain valve, as an additional component to facilitate fluid disposal.

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Two types of impellers with different types and
number of blades are used to determine
characteristics and performance of the pump. Test
fluid materials used in performance testing
centrifugal pump is crude oil and water. The crude oil
used comes from Pertamina Refinery Unit four
Cilacap, Central Java.The physical properties of
water and crude oil (such as density, dynamic
viscosity, kinematic viscosity) at each room
temperature
procedure
a. Putting water into the holding tank as much as fifty percent of the volume of the
tank, then pumping it
in the condition that both valves are fully open (one hundred percent opening) until
water flows through the flow system
b. After the flow has circulated for five minutes where the pressure valve is fully open,
measurements are made at:
1) Suction pressure.
2) Discharge pressure.
3) The time required for ten liters of flowing water volume (to get the discharge).
4) The height between the water level and the suction side of the pump.
5) The height between the inlet and outlet side of the pump.
6) Speed ​of rotation of the pump shaft.
7) The magnitude of the loading force on the pump shaft.
8) The amount of voltage and electric current that enters the motor
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The performance test results of centrifugal
pumps with clear water flow and crude oil-
water flow are shown in graphic form in
Figure three. From these pictures, it can be
seen that the performance curve of the pump
operating on the flow of crude oil-water
shows a significant difference compared to
the pump performance curve which operate
on clear water streams.

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Figure three shows the relationship between pump
head and discharge at different percentages of
crude oil added. The pump head curve at mixed
flow of crude oil-water is lower than the pump
head at flow one phase (water). In addition, it is
also known that for a constant flow rate, the pump
head will increase lower as the concentration of
crude oil volume increases so that the pump work
area is increasingly limited.

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in Figure four, the pump Figure five shows the relationship
efficiency appears to between shaft power and discharge at
experience a significant various volume fractions of crude oil
decrease every increase in (VFo).
volume concentration of The figure shows that the shaft power
crude oil. increases with the increase in the volume
fraction of crude oil.

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 Conclusion
From the results of the research that has been done, some conclusions can be drawn as follows:
1). Mixed fluid emulsion increases with the addition of crude oil volume fraction. With the addition of crude oil
the Reynolds number will decrease as the density decreases. This also causes a high discharge produced is reduced.
2). The addition of the volume fraction of crude oil in the test fluid used will result in:
- Decrease in total pump head
- Decreased pump discharge
- Decreased pump efficiency
- Increased pump shaft power
This is caused by the increase in the viscosity of the mixed fluid that is flowed with each addition of VFo.
The increase in the viscosity of the mixed fluid contributes to an increase in internal friction losses both
inside the pump or on the pipe wall, causing resistance and pressure loss to
flow which will reduce pump performance.
3). At the water volume fraction of about ninety percent, the two-phase flow of crude oil-water undergoes a phase inversion process. In the process
This is where the flow is at the top of the pressure gradient, where the maximum pressure gradient value in this study is is one point three eight kPa/m.
4). The performance of the pump using an impeller with six blades is better than using an eight blade. It is in cause the difference in the mass of the impeller that affects the rotation and
torque produced.
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Thank you