Columns

Review Short Columns (Axial load + Moment )

Usually moment is represented by axial load times eccentricity,
i.e.
 Behavior under Combined Bending and Axial Loads
Interaction Diagram Between Axial Load and Moment ( Failure
Envelope )

Concrete crushes
before steel yields

Steel yields before

concrete crushes

Note: Any combination of P and M outside the envelope will cause

Define Sway & non- sway frame
Stability index

Q
 P u o

Vu lc
Q  0.05  Non - sway (braced)
Q  0.05  Sway (unbraced)
The ACI Procedure for Classifying Short and Slender Column
 l u
= unsupported length of member, defined in ACI Code
10.11.3 as clear distance between floor slabs, beams, or
other members capable of providing lateral support, as
shown
r = radius of gyration associated with axis about
which bending is occurring. For rectangular cross
sections r = 0.30 h, and for circular sections, r = 0.25 h
as specified by ACI Code 10.11.2.
 M1/M2 = Ratio of moments at two column ends,
where M2 > M1 (-1 to 1 range)

M1 M1
0 0
M2 M2

singular curvature double curvature

K –Factor = effective length factor
Slenderness Ratio for columns in frames
K –Factor calculatoin
  EI / l of columns
c

 EI / l of beams
c

I  0.35I g for Beam

I  0.7 I g for Column
I  0.7 I g for Uncracked wall
I  0.35I g for Cracked wall
For a Braced Frame:(Non-sway)

k  0.7  0.05  A   B   1.0

k  0.85  0.05  min  1.0
 For a Sway Frame:
a) Restrained at both ends
20   m
k 1  m
20

k  0.9 1   m

b) One hinged end

k  2.0  0.3 

Non-sway frames:

Sway frames:
 Example 1
The frame shown in Figure is consisting of members with rectangular
cross sections, made of the same strength concrete. Considering
buckling in the plane of the figure, categorize column FE as long or
:short if the frame is
Nonsway
Sway
270KN.m

400KN.m
 Example 2
Design reinforcement for a 400 mm x 500 mm tied column. The
column, which is part of a braced frame, has an unsupported
length of 3.0 m. It is subjected to a factored axial load of 2400 kN
.in addition to a factored bending moment as shown
f c  30 Mpa f y  420 Mpa
500KN.m

250KN.m
 1.71ksi

 0.71ksi

f c  30Mpa f y  420Mpa

 Mn
Note to use the last Instruction diagrams (English units) divide and A h
g

By 7.0
Long Columns
Moment Magnification in Non-sway Frames
If the slenderness effects need to be considered. The
non-sway magnification factor, ns, will cause an
increase in the magnitude of the design moment.
M max   ns M 2   ns M 2, min

where
Cm
 ns   1.0
Pu
1
0.75 Pcr
Moment Magnification in Non-sway Frames

The components of the equation for an Euler bucking

load for pin-end column
 2 EI
Pc 
 klu 
2

and the stiffness, EI is taken as

0.2 Ec I g  Es I se 0.4 Ec I g
EI  
 EI 
1  d conservatively 1  d

Max. factored Sustain Load

d 
Max. factored Axial Load
Moment Magnification in Non-sway Frames

A coefficient factor relating the actual moment

diagram to the equivalent uniform moment diagram.
For members without transverse loads
 M1 
Cm  0.6  0.4    0.4
 M2 

For other conditions, such as members with transverse

loads between supports, Cm = 1.0
Moment Magnification in Non-sway Frames

The minimum allowable value of M2 is

In mm

M 2, min  Pu 15.0  0.03 h 

The sway frame uses a similar technique, see the text

on the components.
 Example 1
Design a 7.0 m-tall column that carries a service dead load of 500
kN, and a service live load of 400 kN, shown in Figure below

140KN.m

80KN.m
Moment Magnification in sway Frames

M 1max  M 1ns   s M 1s
M 2 max  M 2 ns   s M 2 s

1
s   1.0 and  2.5 for stability
1  P u

0.75  P cr
Example 2
D +1.6 L 1.2
D +1.0 L+1.6W 1.2
D +1.3 W 0.9
case  1
1.2 D  1.6 L
wu  136 KN
M u  847 KN .m case  2
x  0 1.2 D  1.0 L  1.6W
wu  112 KN
M u  818KN .m case  3
 x  17.5mm 0.9 D  1.3W
wu  54 KN
M u  434 KN .m
 x  14.1mm
 Lu=500-30=470cm

Hinged end
 1.2  60 
d   0.52
1.2  60   1.6 40 

Ec  4775 28  25267 Mpa

0.4  25267  300  600

3
 3.6 10 N .mm 2
13
EI 
12 1 0.52

 2  3.6  10
13
Pcr  1570.7 kN
 3.2  4700 1000
2

1
s   1.91
2 * 560
1
0.75  2 *1570.7 
Case (1): 1.2 D +1.6 L

M max  847 kN .m
Pu  680 kN

Case (2): 1.2 D + 1.0 L +1.6 W

M max  M ns   s M s
698  (1.91)120  927.2kN .m
Pu  560 kN

Case (3) : 0.9 D + 1.3 W

M max  434kN .m
Pu  270kN
 60  2  4   2 1  2.0
  0.80
60

Case 1

 Pn Pu 560 1000
   3.11Mpa  0.44ksi
Ag Ag 300  600 

 Mn

Mu


927.2 10  6
 8.6Mpa  1.22ksi
Ag h Ag h 300  600  600
  0.07
AS  0.07 * 300 * 600  12600mm 2  126cm 2
Case 2
 Pn Pu 680 1000
   3.78Mpa  0.54ksi
Ag Ag 300  600

847 10
6
 Mn Mu
   7.84 Mpa  1.12ksi
Ag h Ag h 300  600   600
  0.08
Re design