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lecture 25
John Canny
11/20/03
Last time
Improvisation: application to circuits and real-
time programming.
T arcsin 1 /
For glass/acrylic, this is 42
For diamond, it is 24 - light will make many
internal reflections before leaving, creating the
“fire” in the diamond.
Penta-prisms
Penta-prisms are used in SLR cameras to
rotate an image without inverting it.
They are equivalent to two conventional
mirrors, and cause a 90 rotation of the
image, without inversion.
An even number of
mirrors produce a non-
inverted rotated image
of the object.
Retro-reflection: Corner reflectors
In 2D, two mirrors at right angles will retro-
reflect light rays, i.e. send them back in the
direction they came from.
Retro-reflection: Corner reflectors
In 3D, you need 3 mirrors to do this:
1
Application: Artificial backgrounds
Projector and camera along same optical axis,
project scene onto actors and retro-reflective
background.
Cameras sees background only on screen, not
on the actors (3M received technical academy
award for this in 1985).
Convex Lenses
A refractive disk with one or two convex
spherical surfaces converges parallel light rays
almost to a point.
The distance to this point is the focal length of
the lens.
Lenses
If light comes from a point source that is
further away than the focal length, it will focus
to another point on the other side.
Lenses
When there are two focal points f1 , f2
(sometimes called conjugates), then they
satisfy:
1 1 1
f f1 f 2
Spherical Lenses
If the lens consists of spherical surfaces with
radii r1 and r2, then the focal length satisfies