Patterns of Development

Arlance Sandra Marie M. Garcia

Reading and Writing
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NARRATION

VIVID NARRATE
SKILL
 I. NARRATION
• the most basic pattern of development

• describes how, when, and where an event

or occurrence actually happened

• used to tell a story or focus on a set of

related events
 Components of Narrative Text
1. Logical Actions - are considered the very
movements within the plot or the narrative
that drive the characters forward, be it
during the dialogue, or within a scene
 1. Logical Actions
1. Logical Actions
Example: It was late spring the last time we saw
Ross. He was standing at the edge of the hill, and he
never so much as looked up even though we were
sure he knew we were there. There was a bunch of
flowers clutched to his fist, but there really was no
reason for him to be standing there. We knew that
Carrie wasn't coming to see him. But he stood there
anyway, waiting, even as the afternoon sunlight
deepened towards the evening. He must have been
standing there for hours.
 1. Logical Actions
Example: It was late spring the last time we saw
Ross. He was standing at the edge of the hill, and
he never so much as looked up even though we
were sure he knew we were there. There was a
bunch of flowers clutched to his fist, but there really
was no reason for him to be standing there. We
knew that Carrie wasn't coming to see him. But he
stood there anyway, waiting, even as the afternoon
sunlight deepened towards the evening. He must
have been standing there for hours.
 Components of Narrative Text
2. Way of Narration - refers to how the writer
presents the story

- includes the pace by which scenes are

given out

* Having natural progression of time to the

events of the story makes a good writing.
 2. Way of Narration
Clipped Narration “He came and talked to us. Then
he left the house and then he drove the car back
home.
Paced Narration “He came and talked to us for a
few moments. He seemed upset, but he managed
to get through all the bad news. Shaking our
hands before he left the house come twilight, he
seemed to feel better now that he had delivered
the news. He waved from the car as he pulled out
of the driveway, narrowly missing the mailbox
again, and drove off to return home.”
 Components of Narrative Text
3. Terminology - places emphasis on the fact
that concepts are critical to the narration

* Writers must choose how to address terms

and which ones they want to use in order
to create an appropriate setting.
 3. Terminology
a. Concrete Terms - words that identify
things, places, and events that can be
measured and observed
- terms that have physical manifestation in
our world
Examples: spoon, dog, house
 3. Terminology
b. Abstract Terms - refer to ideas or
concepts that are intangible

Examples: love, freedom, feminism

 3. Terminology
c. General Terms - commonly used to
denote groups
Example: furniture

d. Specific Terms - refer to an individual

component of the group
Examples: cabinets, desks, chairs
 3. Terminology: Examples
a. Concrete: “He was shivering violently from
the cold.”
b. Abstract: “The joy in the air was palpable.”
c. General: “He gave her a piece of jewelry.”
d. Specific: “Each green stone had fire in its
facets.”
 WRITING ACTIVITY
Write a narrative text about a time in your life when
you experienced an emotion strongly. Try to give as
much detail as possible. (Ex. When you lost
something or someone, when you got hurt or mad,
when you fell in love, when you felt so blessed.
Rubric
• Focus (5)
• Organization (5)
• Integration (5)
• Convention (5)
Total- 20/20
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DESCRIPTION

QUAL SENSORY
ITY REALISTIC
 II. DESCRIPTION
• the pattern of development which goes into
details about a specific object, person, or
location, in order to firmly set its
appearance

• What does it look like?

• What are its characteristics?

 Characteristics of Description
1. has a clear focus and sense of purpose

2. uses sensory details and precise words

3. presents details in a logical order

 Varieties of Description
1. Objective Description - looks into factual
and scientific characteristics of what is
being described as objectively as possible.

* The writer stays away from emotional

impressions or responses and instead,
describes the scene as it is.
 Varieties of Description
1. Objective Description
Example:
The Acer barbatum is a small to medium-sized,
deciduous tree usually ranging from 15 to 25 m. (50 to 80
ft.) tall when mature. Its bark is light gray and smooth on
younger trees, and it becomes ridged and furrowed with
age. Leaves are opposite and shallowly to deeply
palmately lobed, with a few blunt teeth but no serrations.
The leaf sinuses are rounded, unlike those of red maple
(Acer rubrum) which are sharply V-shaped. Also, the sides
of terminal leaf lobes are more or less parallel, while those
of red maple are widest at the base, tapering to the tip.
 Varieties of Description
2. Subjective Description - a sort of
description that the author would normally
use to “paint a picture” of how he sees a
character, or how he wants the reader to see
a character;
- also used in a literary discourse when there
is stereotyped image that can be attributed to
a person, place, or an event.
 Varieties of Description
2. Subjective Description
Example: My mother had hair so dark that it
looked like a waterfall of ink. She always kept
it in a braid that fell to her slim waist, and
always tied with a plain black band. The braid
of black slung over her shoulder, the plaits
shining like scales.
 WRITING ACTIVITY (Group)
• You are a writer of a travel magazine. The editor of
the magazine asks you to write a travel article that tells
about a beautiful place where one can spend a
vacation. Your task is to write a five-paragraph
descriptive article.
Rubric
• Focus (5)
• Organization (5)
• Integration (5)
• Convention (5)
Total- 20/20
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DEFINITION
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H TEN
 III. DEFINITION
• explains not just what something means or
is, but also what something does, what
something is used for, what something
looks like, etc
 Varieties of Definition
1. Scientific Definition - defines concepts in
the most factual way, which is often used
in scientific, proper, or real world facts
 Varieties of Definition
2. Subjective Definition
- defines the objects in a more personal way
- usually derived from the author's own
experiences and opinion
- - often used by a writer to state something
from the point of view of the characters or in
relation to the setting
 Definition
The term could be emphasized by the
following:
1. Characteristics or features
2. Function
3. Effect
4. Origin
 Definition
The term could be emphasized by the
following:
1. Characteristics or features
2. Function
3. Effect
4. Origin
 WRITING ACTIVITY (Group)
• Specific Definition: You are a medicine student. You
would like to write about the definition of a controversial
medical term in your blog. The criteria in assessing your
blog are its appeal to the readers, accuracy of
information, and adherence to the style of format.
Rubric
• Focus (5)
• Organization (5)
• Integration (5)
• Convention (5)
Total- 20/20
 ILLU
S TRAT
O RY ION
EG
C AT

CLASSIFICATION &
EXEMPLIFICATION
CRITE
R IA
EXAMPLE
 IV. CLASSIFICATION
• divides things into groups, classes, or
categories
• organizes ideas into divisions based on
criteria or standards
 IV. EXEMPLIFICATION
• provides examples and illustrations in order
to further clarify or explain the concept or
subject matter
• presents the general statement and then
provides specific and concrete examples to
expound on the main idea
 EXAMPLE
Dogs are domesticated animals that have been living
with humans for generations. Dogs can be classified in a
number of different ways. For example, they can be
classified by breed. Examples of different breeds include
beagles, basset hounds, poodles and countless others
as defined by the American Kennel Club (AKC). They
can also be classified by their role in the lives of their
masters and the work they do. For example, a dog might
be a family pet, a working dog, a show dog, or a hunting
dog. In many cases, dogs are defined both by their breed
and their role. For example, a dog could be a beagle that
is a family pet.
 WRITING ACTIVITY (Group)
• Task: You are a sales manager. A customer sent you an
e-mail asking about the different types of products you
sell. You need to respond to the e-mail indicating the
classification of your products. Your message must
contain the product's category and specific features.
Rubric
• Focus (5)
• Organization (5)
• Integration (5)
• Convention (5)
Total- 20/20
 DIFF
E RENC
A R ITY E
IMI L
S

COMPARISON &
CONTRAST
CHOI
CE
ELEMENT
V. COMPARISON AND CONTRAST
• organizes ideas based on how events,
places, people, things, and concepts are
similar to or different from one another
a. separately -involves describing one item
first followed by the second item
b. side-by-side -involves discussing both
items based on each point of comparison
 EXAMPLE
Although I raised Marcee and Obbie from puppies, they have
completely diverse personalities. Obbie is a six year old, male,
toy Pomeranian whereas Marcee is a one year old, female,
Boston terrier. Obbie is small and soft, unlike Marcee who has
bristly hair and is much bigger. Marcee insists on sleeping on
the bed, under the covers every night. On the other hand,
Obbie will only sleep on the floor, under the bed. Obbie is
tremendously loyal and uptight; however, Marcee is hyper and
friendly to anyone she meets or sees. Around other dogs,
Marcee cowers to the larger dog, yet Obbie will always stand
his ground, never giving up until he is scolded. Given that they
were both treated the same way all their life, it is hard to believe
that they are so different in everything they do.
 WRITING ACTIVITY (Group)
• You are a film critic. You are to write a comparative
review of two films of the same genre. Use the
comparison and contrast pattern of text
development in your review.
Rubric
• Focus (5)
• Organization (5)
• Integration (5)
• Convention (5)
Total- 20/20
 IO N EXPLAIN
EC T FISH
O NN BON
C E

CAUSE & EFFECT

SON
A
CONS RE
EQUE CRITICAL
N CE
 VI. CAUSE AND EFFECT
• explains why something happens or what
results a particular event produces

a. Paragraph empasizing cause

b. Paragraph emphasizing effect

 EXAMPLE
Although I raised Marcee and Obbie from puppies, they have
completely diverse personalities. Obbie is a six year old, male,
toy Pomeranian whereas Marcee is a one year old, female,
Boston terrier. Obbie is small and soft, unlike Marcee who has
bristly hair and is much bigger. Marcee insists on sleeping on
the bed, under the covers every night. On the other hand,
Obbie will only sleep on the floor, under the bed. Obbie is
tremendously loyal and uptight; however, Marcee is hyper and
friendly to anyone she meets or sees. Around other dogs,
Marcee cowers to the larger dog, yet Obbie will always stand
his ground, never giving up until he is scolded. Given that they
were both treated the same way all their life, it is hard to believe
that they are so different in everything they do.
 WRITING ACTIVITY (Group)
• You are a film critic. You are to write a comparative
review of two films of the same genre. Use the
comparison and contrast pattern of text
development in your review.
Rubric
• Focus (5)
• Organization (5)
• Integration (5)
• Convention (5)
Total- 20/20