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Transformation
𝑻 :𝑼 →𝑽
𝑻 : 𝑿 =𝒀
𝑻 : 𝑨⟼ 𝑩
Axioms of Linear Transformation
•
⇒𝑇
[ ][
𝑥2
=
𝑥1 +2 𝑥2 ]
𝑢1 𝑣1
𝑢=
´
𝑢1
𝑢2
𝑣
𝑣
[ ] [ ]
´= 1
𝑣2
T (𝑢 𝑣 )=𝑇
´ ) +T ( ´
𝑢2 [ ] [ ]
+𝑇
𝑣2
𝑢 𝑣1 (𝑢1 − 𝑢2 ) + (𝑣 1 − 𝑣2 )
𝑢´ +𝑣
´= 1 +
𝑢2 [ ] [ ]
𝑣2
¿
([(𝑢1 +2 𝑢 2) ][ ])
( 𝑣 1+ 2 𝑣 2)
𝑢1 + 𝑣 1 ( 𝑢1 − 𝑢2 +( 𝑣 1 − 𝑣 2 )
𝑇 (𝑢 𝑣 )=
´ +´
([ 𝑢2 + 𝑣 2 ]) ¿
([ )
])
( 𝑢 1+2 𝑢2 +( 𝑣 1+ 2 𝑣 2)
)
¿¿
𝑢1 +𝑣 1 − 𝑢2 − 𝑣2
¿
([ 𝑢1 +𝑣 1 − 𝑢2 − 𝑣2
])
𝑢 1+ 𝑣 1+2 𝑢2 +2 𝑣 2
([ ])
∴𝑊𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑎𝑦𝑡h𝑎𝑡𝑇 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑒𝑠
¿
𝑢 1+ 𝑣 1+2 𝑢2 +2 𝑣 2
𝑽𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒇𝒚𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒂𝒓 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑥1 𝑥 1 − 𝑥2
•
⇒𝑇
[ ][
𝑥2
=
𝑥1 +2 𝑥2 ]
𝑢1
𝑐 𝑢1
𝑢
𝑢
´= 1
𝑢2 [ ]
c T (𝑢
´ )= cT
[ ]
𝑢2
𝑐𝑢
´ =
[ 𝑐 𝑢2 ]
¿ 𝑐
([ 𝑢 1 − 𝑢2
𝑢1 +2 𝑢2 ])
𝑐 𝑢1
𝑇 (𝑐𝑢
´ )=
([ 𝑐 𝑢2 ]) 𝑐 𝑢1 − 𝑐 𝑢2
𝑐 𝑢1 − 𝑐 𝑢2
¿
([
𝑐 𝑢1 +2 𝑐 𝑢2 ])
¿
([ ])
∴𝑊𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑎𝑦𝑡h𝑎𝑡 𝑇 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑒𝑠
𝑐 𝑢1 +2 𝑐 𝑢2
∴𝑇 ( 𝑥1 ,𝑥 2 ) =( 𝑥1 −𝑥 2 , 𝑥 1+2 𝑥 2 )
•𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒
𝑡h𝑎𝑡 𝑇 ( 𝑥 1 , 𝑥 2 )= ( 𝑥1 − 𝑥 2 , 𝑥 1+2 𝑥 2) 𝑥1 𝑥 1 − 𝑥2
⇒𝑇
[ ][
𝑥2
=
𝑥1 +2 𝑥2 ]
´= 3
´= 1
𝑢
2[ ] 𝑣
5 []
´ ) =5 1 = 5
(c 𝑢
2 [ ] [
10 ]
´ )= 5 − 10 = − 5
T (c 𝑢
[
5+ 2(10) ] [ ]
25
´ 1 = 1− 2 = − 1
𝑢
2 [] [
1+ 2(2) 5 ] [ ]
´ ) =5 − 1 = − 5
c T (𝑢
[ 5 ] [ 25 ]
𝑣´ 3 = 3 − 5 = − 2
[5 ] [3+2(5)] [ 13 ]
where
𝑽𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒇𝒚𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒂𝒓 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 2
•
⇒𝑇 𝑥 [ 1 ] =[ 𝑥 ] 1
𝑢´ =𝑢1 𝑣´ =𝑣 1
𝑢
´ + 𝑣´ =𝑢1 +𝑣 1 𝑇 (𝑢
´ + ´𝑣 )=( 1+2 ) = (3 ) =9
2 2
𝑇 ( 𝑢 2
´ + ´𝑣 )= ( 𝑢1 +𝑣 1 ) T (𝑢 2
´ ) +T ( ´𝑣 )=( 1 ) + ( 2 )
2
2 2
¿ 1+4
T (𝑢
´ ) +T ( ´𝑣 )=( 𝑢1 ) + ( 𝑣 1) ¿ 5
∴ 𝑇 ( 𝑥1 ) = 𝑥 2
1
𝒁𝒆𝒓𝒐 𝑻𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
•
𝑻 : 𝑽 → 𝑾 𝑻 ( 𝒗´ ) =𝟎 , ∀ 𝑣 𝜖 𝑉
𝑰𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝑻𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝑻 : 𝑽 → 𝑽 𝑻 ( 𝒗´ ) =𝒗´ , ∀ 𝑣 𝜖 𝑉
•
𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒆𝒔𝒐𝒇 𝑳𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒂𝒓𝑻𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
Image, Range and Preimage under
L.T
•
2
Image, Range and Preimage under
L.T
•3
• 𝑥1 𝑥 1 − 𝑥2
⇒𝑇
[ ][
𝑥2
=
𝑥1 +2 𝑥2 ]
𝑎. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡h𝑒𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑣= (−1,2 ) .
𝑣 )=T − 1
𝑇 (´
[ ]
2
[ 𝑥1 − 𝑥 2
= −1
] [ ]
𝑥 1+ 2 𝑥 2 11
𝑇 ( 1 )= − 1− 2
[ ] ([
2 ])
− 1+2(2) 𝑥1 − 𝑥 2=−1 −3 𝑥 2=−12
𝑥 − 4=−1 𝑥 =4
1 2
−3
([ ]) ¿
3
𝑥 =3
1
3
∴ 𝑇 ( 1 )= − 3
[2 ] ([ 3 ])
𝑇 (´
𝑣 )=𝑇
[ ]
4
• 𝑥1 − 𝑥2
⇒𝑇
[ ] [
𝑥2
=
𝑥1 ]
𝐓 (𝒖
´ ) + ( ´𝒗 ) 𝟔
𝟓
𝐓 (𝒖 )
´
(𝒖
´ + 𝒗´ )
𝟒
𝟑
𝟐 𝒗´
𝐓 ( ´𝒗 )
𝟏
− 𝟒 −𝟑 −𝟐
𝒖´
−𝟏
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟒 𝟓 𝟔
𝟐
𝒓 :𝒓𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒃𝒚𝟗𝟎
𝟑 𝟒
𝒓 :𝒓𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒓 :𝒓𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝒇 𝒉 :𝑯𝒐𝒓𝒊𝒛𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒍
𝒇 𝒗 :𝐕𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐜𝒂𝒍
𝒇 𝒅 :𝑫𝒊𝒂𝒈𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍𝒇 𝒄 :𝑪𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓−𝑫𝒊𝒂𝒈𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍
Activity for Linear Transformation
•