INVERSE LAPLACE TRANSFORM

∞
If 𝑳[𝒇(𝒕)] = ∫𝟎 𝒆−𝒔𝒕 𝒇(𝒕)dt
𝑳[𝒇(𝒕)]= 𝑭(𝒔)
Inverse Laplace transform is defined as
𝐋−𝟏 [𝑭(𝒔)] = 𝒇(𝒕)

𝟏 𝟏
𝑳[𝟏] = 𝑳−𝟏 [ ] = 𝟏
𝒔 𝒔

𝟏 𝟏
𝑳[𝒆𝒂𝒕 ] = 𝑳−𝟏 [ ] = 𝒆𝒂𝒕
𝒔−𝒂 𝒔−𝒂

𝒂 𝒂
𝑳[𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕] = 𝑳−𝟏 [ ] = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕
𝒔𝟐 + 𝒂 𝟐 𝒔𝟐 + 𝒂 𝟐

𝒔 𝒔
𝑳[𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒂𝒕] = 𝟐 𝑳−𝟏 [ ] = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒂𝒕
𝒔 + 𝒂𝟐 𝒔𝟐 + 𝒂 𝟐

𝒂 𝒂
𝑳[𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉𝒂𝒕] = 𝑳−𝟏 [ ] = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉𝒂𝒕
𝒔𝟐 − 𝒂 𝟐 𝒔𝟐 − 𝒂 𝟐

𝒔 𝒔
𝑳[𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉𝒂𝒕] = 𝑳−𝟏 [ ] = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉𝒂𝒕
𝒔𝟐 − 𝒂 𝟐 𝒔𝟐 − 𝒂 𝟐
𝜞(𝒏 + 𝟏)
−1
𝒏]
𝜞(𝒏 + 𝟏) 𝐿 [ 𝒏+𝟏
] = 𝒕𝒏
𝑳[𝒕 = 𝒔
𝒔𝒏+𝟏

1
EM III_SMITA N
EXAMPLE

1
1. L−1 [ ] = 𝑒 −6𝑡
𝑠+6

1
2. L−1 [ ] = 𝑒 7𝑡
𝑠−7

14 14 𝑡7 𝑡7
3. L−1 [ 8 ] =L −1
[ ] = 14 = 14
𝑠 𝑠 7+1 𝜞(𝟖) 7!

1 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑡
4. L−1 [ 2] =
𝑠 2 +4 4

𝑠 𝑠
5. L−1 [ ] = L−1 [ ] = 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡
𝑠 2 +16 𝑠 2 +4 2

−1 1 −1 1 𝑡4 𝑡4
6.L [ 5] = L [ ]= =
𝑠 𝑠 4+1 4! 24

7
−1 1 1 −1 1 1 𝑡
7. L [ ] = L [ 7 ] = 𝑒 4
4𝑠−7 4 𝑠− 4
4

2
EM III_SMITA N
Use of First Shifting theorem

If 𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = 𝐹(𝑠),then
𝐿[𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 𝑓 (𝑡)] = 𝐹(𝑠 + 𝑎)
OR
𝐿[𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑓 (𝑡)] = 𝐹(𝑠 − 𝑎)

L−1 [𝐹(𝑠 + 𝑎)] = 𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)

L−1 [𝐹(𝑠 − 𝑎)] = 𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)

EXAMPLES

𝟏
1) 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
(𝒔−𝟑)𝟑

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
1 1
𝐿−1 [ 3𝑡 −1
3] = 𝑒 𝐿 [ 3]
(𝑠−3) 𝑠

2
3𝑡 𝑡
= 𝑒
𝜞(𝟑)

2 2
𝑡 𝑡
= 𝑒 3𝑡 = 𝑒 3𝑡
2! 2
3
EM III_SMITA N
 1
2) L−1 [𝑠2 +4𝑠+5]

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

1 1
L−1 [ ] = L−1 [ ]
𝑠 2 +4𝑠+5 1+(𝑠+2)2

1
= L−1 [ ]
(𝑠+2)2 +1

1
= 𝑒 −2𝑡 L−1 [ ]
𝑠 2 +1

= 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡

𝑠+3
3) L−1 [𝑠2 +6𝑠+13]

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

𝑠+3 𝑠+3
L−1 [ ] = L−1 [ ]
𝑠 2 +6𝑠+13 4+(𝑠+3)2

𝑠
= 𝑒 −3𝑡 L−1 [𝑠2 +4 ] = 𝑒 −3𝑡 cos2t

4
EM III_SMITA N
 𝑠
4) L−1 [ ]
𝑠 2 +2𝑠+2

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

𝑠 𝑠+1−1
L−1 [ ] = 𝐿−1 [ ]
𝑠 2 +2𝑠+2 (𝑠+1)2 +1

(𝑠 + 1) 1
= 𝐿−1 [ − ]
(𝑠 + 1)2 + 1 (𝑠 + 1)2 + 1

𝑠 1
= 𝑒 −𝑡 𝐿−1 [ ] − 𝑒 −𝑡 −1
𝐿 [ ]
𝑠2 + 1 𝑠2 + 1

= 𝑒 −𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 − 𝑒 −𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡

3𝑠−7
5) L−1 [𝑠2−6𝑠+8]

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

3𝑠 − 7 3(𝑠 − 3 + 3) − 7)
L−1 [ ] = 𝐿−1
[ ]
𝑠 2 − 6𝑠 + 8 (𝑠 − 3)2 − 1

3(𝑠−3)+2)
= 𝐿−1 [ ( ]
𝑠−3)2 −1

5
EM III_SMITA N
 3(𝑠 − 3) 2
= 𝐿−1 [ + ]
(𝑠 − 3)2 − 1 (𝑠 − 3)2 − 1

𝑠 1
= 3𝑒 3𝑡 𝐿−1 [ ] + 2𝑒 3𝑡 −1
𝐿 [ ]
𝑠2 − 1 𝑠2 − 1

= 3𝑒 3𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑡 + 2𝑒 3𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑡

1 𝑠−2 𝑠−2
6) L−1 [ 2 + + ]
(𝑠+1) 𝑠 2 −4𝑠+5 𝑠 2 −4𝑠+3

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

1 𝑠−2 𝑠−2
L−1 [ 2 + + ]
(𝑠+1) 𝑠 2 −4𝑠+5 𝑠 2 −4𝑠+3

1 𝑠−2 𝑠−2
= 𝐿−1 [ 2] + L
−1
[ ] + L−1 [ ]
(𝑠+1) 𝑠 2 −4𝑠+5 𝑠 2 −4𝑠+3

Consider
1 1 2
−1 −𝑡 −1 3𝑡 𝑡 𝑡
𝐿 [(𝑠+1)2 ] = 𝑒 𝐿 [𝑠 2 ] = 𝑒 𝜞 (𝟐 ) = 𝑒 −𝑡 1!

= 𝑒 −𝑡 𝑡
𝑠−2 𝑠−2
L−1 [ 2 ] = 𝐿−1 [ ]
𝑠 − 4𝑠 + 5 (𝑠 − 2)2 + 1

6
EM III_SMITA N
 𝑠
= 𝑒 2𝑡 𝐿−1 [ 2
] = 𝑒 2𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡
𝑠 +1

𝑠−2 𝑠−2
L−1 [ ] = 𝐿−1 [( ]
𝑠 2 −4𝑠+3 𝑠−2)2 −1

2𝑡 −1
𝑠
=𝑒 𝐿 [ 2 ] = 𝑒 2𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑡
𝑠 −1

1 𝑠−2 𝑠−2
L−1 [( )2
+ + ]
𝑠+1 𝑠 2 −4𝑠+5 𝑠 2 −4𝑠+3

= 𝑒 −𝑡 𝑡 + 𝑒 2𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 + 𝑒 2𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑡

𝑠
7) L−1 [ ]
(2𝑠+1)2

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

𝑠 𝑠
L−1 [ ] = L−1 [ ]
(2𝑠 + 1)2
1 2
4 (𝑠 + )
2

1 1
𝑠+ −
−1
=L [ 2 2]
1
4(𝑠 + )2
2

7
EM III_SMITA N
 1 1
𝑠+
= L−1 [ 2 − 2
2 2]
1 1
4 (𝑠 + ) 4 (𝑠 + )
2 2

1
1 2
= L−1 [ − ]
1 1
4(𝑠 + ) 4(𝑠 + )2
2 2

1 −𝑡 1 𝑡
= [𝑒 2 − ]
4 2 𝜞(𝟐)

1 −𝑡 𝑡
= [𝑒 2 − ]
4 2

6𝑠−4
8) L−1 [ ]
𝑠 2 −4𝑠+20

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

6𝑠−4 6(𝑠−2+2)−4)
L−1 [ ] = 𝐿−1 [ ]
𝑠 2 −4𝑠+20 (𝑠−2)2 +16

−1
6(𝑠 − 2) + 8)
=𝐿 [ ]
(𝑠 − 2)2 + 16

8
EM III_SMITA N
 −1
6(𝑠 − 2) 8
=𝐿 [ + ]
(𝑠 − 2)2 + 16 (𝑠 − 2)2 + 16

𝑠 4
= 6𝑒 2𝑡 𝐿−1 [𝑠2 +16] + 2𝑒 3𝑡 𝐿−1 [𝑠2 +16]

= 6𝑒 2𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡 + 2𝑒 2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑡

9) L−1 [𝑠22𝑠+3
+2𝑠+2
]

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

2𝑠 + 3 2(𝑠 + 1 − 1) + 3)
L−1 [ 2 ] = 𝐿−1 [ ]
𝑠 + 2𝑠 + 2 (𝑠 + 1)2 + 1

2(𝑠 + 1) + 1)
= 𝐿−1 [ ]
(𝑠 + 1)2 + 1

2(𝑠 + 1) 1
= 𝐿−1 [ + ]
(𝑠 + 1)2 + 1 (𝑠 + 1)2 + 1

𝑠 1
= 2𝑒 −𝑡 𝐿−1 [ ] + 𝑒 −𝑡 𝐿−1 [ ]
𝑠2 + 1 𝑠2 + 1

= 2𝑒 −𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 + 𝑒 −𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡

9
EM III_SMITA N
 𝑠+2
10) L−1 [ ]
𝑠 2 +4𝑠+7

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

𝑠+2 𝑠+2
L−1 [ ] = 𝐿−1 [ ]
𝑠 2 +4𝑠+7 (𝑠+2)2 +3

𝑠
= 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝐿−1 [ 2 ]
𝑠2 + (√3)

= 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠√3𝑡

𝑠+2 4
11) L−1 [ ] 𝐴𝑛𝑠: 𝑒 2𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡 + 𝑒 2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡
𝑠2 −4𝑠+13 3

4𝑠+12
12) L−1 [ ] 𝐴𝑛𝑠: 4𝑒 −4𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑡 − 4𝑒 −4𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2𝑡
𝑠2 +8𝑠+12

𝑠 𝑡4 𝑡5
13) L−1 [ 6] Ans: 𝑒 2𝑡 [ + 2 ]
(𝑠−2) 4! 5!

3𝑠+7
14) L−1 [ ] 𝐴𝑛𝑠: 3𝑒 𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑡 + 5𝑒 2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2𝑡
𝑠2 −2𝑠−3

10
EM III_SMITA N