INVERSE LAPLACE TRANSFORM

∞
If 𝑳[𝒇(𝒕)] = ∫𝟎 𝒆−𝒔𝒕 𝒇(𝒕)dt
𝑳[𝒇(𝒕)]= 𝑭(𝒔)
Inverse Laplace transform is defined as
𝐋−𝟏 [𝑭(𝒔)] = 𝒇(𝒕)

𝟏 𝟏
𝑳[𝟏] = 𝑳−𝟏 [ ] = 𝟏
𝒔 𝒔

𝟏 𝟏
𝑳[𝒆𝒂𝒕 ] = 𝑳−𝟏 [ ] = 𝒆𝒂𝒕
𝒔−𝒂 𝒔−𝒂

𝒂 𝒂
𝑳[𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕] = 𝑳−𝟏 [ ] = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕
𝒔𝟐 + 𝒂 𝟐 𝒔𝟐 + 𝒂 𝟐

𝒔 𝒔
𝑳[𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒂𝒕] = 𝟐 𝑳−𝟏 [ ] = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒂𝒕
𝒔 + 𝒂𝟐 𝒔𝟐 + 𝒂 𝟐

𝒂 𝒂
𝑳[𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉𝒂𝒕] = 𝑳−𝟏 [ ] = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉𝒂𝒕
𝒔𝟐 − 𝒂 𝟐 𝒔𝟐 − 𝒂 𝟐

𝒔 𝒔
𝑳[𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉𝒂𝒕] = 𝑳−𝟏 [ ] = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉𝒂𝒕
𝒔𝟐 − 𝒂 𝟐 𝒔𝟐 − 𝒂 𝟐
𝜞(𝒏 + 𝟏)
−1
𝒏]
𝜞(𝒏 + 𝟏) 𝐿 [ 𝒏+𝟏
] = 𝒕𝒏
𝑳[𝒕 = 𝒔
𝒔𝒏+𝟏

1
EM III_SMITA N
EXAMPLE

1
1. L−1 [ ] = 𝑒 −6𝑡
𝑠+6

1
2. L−1 [ ] = 𝑒 7𝑡
𝑠−7

14 14 𝑡7 𝑡7
3. L−1 [ 8 ] =L −1
[ ] = 14 = 14
𝑠 𝑠 7+1 𝜞(𝟖) 7!

1 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑡
4. L−1 [ 2] =
𝑠 2 +4 4

𝑠 𝑠
5. L−1 [ ] = L−1 [ ] = 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡
𝑠 2 +16 𝑠 2 +4 2

−1 1 −1 1 𝑡4 𝑡4
6.L [ 5] = L [ ]= =
𝑠 𝑠 4+1 4! 24

7
−1 1 1 −1 1 1 𝑡
7. L [ ] = L [ 7 ] = 𝑒 4
4𝑠−7 4 𝑠− 4
4

2
EM III_SMITA N
Use of First Shifting theorem

If 𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = 𝐹(𝑠),then
𝐿[𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 𝑓 (𝑡)] = 𝐹(𝑠 + 𝑎)
OR
𝐿[𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑓 (𝑡)] = 𝐹(𝑠 − 𝑎)

L−1 [𝐹(𝑠 + 𝑎)] = 𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)

L−1 [𝐹(𝑠 − 𝑎)] = 𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)

EXAMPLES

𝟏
1) 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
(𝒔−𝟑)𝟑

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
1 1
𝐿−1 [ 3𝑡 −1
3] = 𝑒 𝐿 [ 3]
(𝑠−3) 𝑠

2
3𝑡 𝑡
= 𝑒
𝜞(𝟑)

2 2
𝑡 𝑡
= 𝑒 3𝑡 = 𝑒 3𝑡
2! 2
3
EM III_SMITA N
 1
2) L−1 [𝑠2 +4𝑠+5]

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

1 1
L−1 [ ] = L−1 [ ]
𝑠 2 +4𝑠+5 1+(𝑠+2)2

1
= L−1 [ ]
(𝑠+2)2 +1

1
= 𝑒 −2𝑡 L−1 [ ]
𝑠 2 +1

= 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡

𝑠+3
3) L−1 [𝑠2 +6𝑠+13]

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

𝑠+3 𝑠+3
L−1 [ ] = L−1 [ ]
𝑠 2 +6𝑠+13 4+(𝑠+3)2

𝑠
= 𝑒 −3𝑡 L−1 [𝑠2 +4 ] = 𝑒 −3𝑡 cos2t

4
EM III_SMITA N
 𝑠
4) L−1 [ ]
𝑠 2 +2𝑠+2

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

𝑠 𝑠+1−1
L−1 [ ] = 𝐿−1 [ ]
𝑠 2 +2𝑠+2 (𝑠+1)2 +1

(𝑠 + 1) 1
= 𝐿−1 [ − ]
(𝑠 + 1)2 + 1 (𝑠 + 1)2 + 1

𝑠 1
= 𝑒 −𝑡 𝐿−1 [ ] − 𝑒 −𝑡 −1
𝐿 [ ]
𝑠2 + 1 𝑠2 + 1

= 𝑒 −𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 − 𝑒 −𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡

3𝑠−7
5) L−1 [𝑠2−6𝑠+8]

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

3𝑠 − 7 3(𝑠 − 3 + 3) − 7)
L−1 [ ] = 𝐿−1
[ ]
𝑠 2 − 6𝑠 + 8 (𝑠 − 3)2 − 1

3(𝑠−3)+2)
= 𝐿−1 [ ( ]
𝑠−3)2 −1

5
EM III_SMITA N
 3(𝑠 − 3) 2
= 𝐿−1 [ + ]
(𝑠 − 3)2 − 1 (𝑠 − 3)2 − 1

𝑠 1
= 3𝑒 3𝑡 𝐿−1 [ ] + 2𝑒 3𝑡 −1
𝐿 [ ]
𝑠2 − 1 𝑠2 − 1

= 3𝑒 3𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑡 + 2𝑒 3𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑡

1 𝑠−2 𝑠−2
6) L−1 [ 2 + + ]
(𝑠+1) 𝑠 2 −4𝑠+5 𝑠 2 −4𝑠+3

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

1 𝑠−2 𝑠−2
L−1 [ 2 + + ]
(𝑠+1) 𝑠 2 −4𝑠+5 𝑠 2 −4𝑠+3

1 𝑠−2 𝑠−2
= 𝐿−1 [ 2] + L
−1
[ ] + L−1 [ ]
(𝑠+1) 𝑠 2 −4𝑠+5 𝑠 2 −4𝑠+3

Consider
1 1 2
−1 −𝑡 −1 3𝑡 𝑡 𝑡
𝐿 [(𝑠+1)2 ] = 𝑒 𝐿 [𝑠 2 ] = 𝑒 𝜞 (𝟐 ) = 𝑒 −𝑡 1!

= 𝑒 −𝑡 𝑡
𝑠−2 𝑠−2
L−1 [ 2 ] = 𝐿−1 [ ]
𝑠 − 4𝑠 + 5 (𝑠 − 2)2 + 1

6
EM III_SMITA N
 𝑠
= 𝑒 2𝑡 𝐿−1 [ 2
] = 𝑒 2𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡
𝑠 +1

𝑠−2 𝑠−2
L−1 [ ] = 𝐿−1 [( ]
𝑠 2 −4𝑠+3 𝑠−2)2 −1

2𝑡 −1
𝑠
=𝑒 𝐿 [ 2 ] = 𝑒 2𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑡
𝑠 −1

1 𝑠−2 𝑠−2
L−1 [( )2
+ + ]
𝑠+1 𝑠 2 −4𝑠+5 𝑠 2 −4𝑠+3

= 𝑒 −𝑡 𝑡 + 𝑒 2𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 + 𝑒 2𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑡

𝑠
7) L−1 [ ]
(2𝑠+1)2

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

𝑠 𝑠
L−1 [ ] = L−1 [ ]
(2𝑠 + 1)2
1 2
4 (𝑠 + )
2

1 1
𝑠+ −
−1
=L [ 2 2]
1
4(𝑠 + )2
2

7
EM III_SMITA N
 1 1
𝑠+
= L−1 [ 2 − 2
2 2]
1 1
4 (𝑠 + ) 4 (𝑠 + )
2 2

1
1 2
= L−1 [ − ]
1 1
4(𝑠 + ) 4(𝑠 + )2
2 2

1 −𝑡 1 𝑡
= [𝑒 2 − ]
4 2 𝜞(𝟐)

1 −𝑡 𝑡
= [𝑒 2 − ]
4 2

6𝑠−4
8) L−1 [ ]
𝑠 2 −4𝑠+20

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

6𝑠−4 6(𝑠−2+2)−4)
L−1 [ ] = 𝐿−1 [ ]
𝑠 2 −4𝑠+20 (𝑠−2)2 +16

−1
6(𝑠 − 2) + 8)
=𝐿 [ ]
(𝑠 − 2)2 + 16

8
EM III_SMITA N
 −1
6(𝑠 − 2) 8
=𝐿 [ + ]
(𝑠 − 2)2 + 16 (𝑠 − 2)2 + 16

𝑠 4
= 6𝑒 2𝑡 𝐿−1 [𝑠2 +16] + 2𝑒 3𝑡 𝐿−1 [𝑠2 +16]

= 6𝑒 2𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡 + 2𝑒 2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑡

9) L−1 [𝑠22𝑠+3
+2𝑠+2
]

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

2𝑠 + 3 2(𝑠 + 1 − 1) + 3)
L−1 [ 2 ] = 𝐿−1 [ ]
𝑠 + 2𝑠 + 2 (𝑠 + 1)2 + 1

2(𝑠 + 1) + 1)
= 𝐿−1 [ ]
(𝑠 + 1)2 + 1

2(𝑠 + 1) 1
= 𝐿−1 [ + ]
(𝑠 + 1)2 + 1 (𝑠 + 1)2 + 1

𝑠 1
= 2𝑒 −𝑡 𝐿−1 [ ] + 𝑒 −𝑡 𝐿−1 [ ]
𝑠2 + 1 𝑠2 + 1

= 2𝑒 −𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 + 𝑒 −𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡

9
EM III_SMITA N
 𝑠+2
10) L−1 [ ]
𝑠 2 +4𝑠+7

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

𝑠+2 𝑠+2
L−1 [ ] = 𝐿−1 [ ]
𝑠 2 +4𝑠+7 (𝑠+2)2 +3

𝑠
= 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝐿−1 [ 2 ]
𝑠2 + (√3)

= 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠√3𝑡

𝑠+2 4
11) L−1 [ ] 𝐴𝑛𝑠: 𝑒 2𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡 + 𝑒 2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡
𝑠2 −4𝑠+13 3

4𝑠+12
12) L−1 [ ] 𝐴𝑛𝑠: 4𝑒 −4𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑡 − 4𝑒 −4𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2𝑡
𝑠2 +8𝑠+12

𝑠 𝑡4 𝑡5
13) L−1 [ 6] Ans: 𝑒 2𝑡 [ + 2 ]
(𝑠−2) 4! 5!

3𝑠+7
14) L−1 [ ] 𝐴𝑛𝑠: 3𝑒 𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑡 + 5𝑒 2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2𝑡
𝑠2 −2𝑠−3

10
EM III_SMITA N
Inverse Laplace Transform using change of scale
property

𝟏 𝒔
If 𝑳[𝒇(𝒕)] = 𝑭(𝒔) 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝑳[𝒇(𝒂𝒕)] = 𝒂 𝑭 (𝒂)

−𝟏
𝟏 𝒔
𝑳 [ 𝑭 ( )] = 𝒇(𝒂𝒕)
𝒂 𝒂

EXAMPLE

𝒔 𝒕 𝒔
1) 𝑰𝒇 𝑳−𝟏 [(𝒔𝟐+𝟏)𝟐] = 𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕 . 𝑭𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝑳−𝟏 [(𝒔𝟐+𝒂𝟐)𝟐]

Solution

𝑠
𝑅𝑒𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠 𝑏𝑦 (𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝑎) 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆
𝑎
& 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡 𝑏𝑦 𝑎𝑡 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑅. 𝐻. 𝑆 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝑠
1 𝑎 𝑎𝑡
𝐿−1 2 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡
𝑎 𝑠 2 2
[( + 1)] ]
[ 𝑎)

−1
1 𝑠𝑎4 𝑎𝑡
𝐿 [ 2 2 ] = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡
𝑎 (𝑠 + 𝑎2 )2 2

1
EM III_SMITA N
 −1
𝑠𝑎2 𝑎𝑡
𝐿 [ 2 ] = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡
(𝑠 + 𝑎2 )2 2

𝑠𝑎 𝑡
𝐿−1 [ 2 ] = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡
(𝑠 + 𝑎2 )2 2

𝑠 𝑡
𝐿−1 [ ] = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡
(𝑠 2 + 𝑎2 )2 2𝑎

−𝟏
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒 −𝟏
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟗
𝟐) 𝑰𝒇 𝑳 [ 𝟐 ] = 𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉𝟐𝒕 . 𝑭𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝑳 [ 𝟐 ]
(𝒔 − 𝟒)𝟐 (𝒔 − 𝟗)𝟐

Solution

𝑠
𝑅𝑒𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠 𝑏𝑦 (𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝑎) 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆
𝑎
& 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡 𝑏𝑦 𝑎𝑡 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑅. 𝐻. 𝑆 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝑠 2
−1
1 (𝑎 ) + 4
𝐿 2 = 𝑎𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑎𝑡
𝑎 𝑠 2
[ [(𝑎) − 4)] ]

−1
𝑎(𝑠 2 + 4𝑎2 )
𝐿 [ 2 ] = 𝑎𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑎𝑡
(𝑠 − 4𝑎2 )2

2
EM III_SMITA N
 −1
(𝑠 2 + 4𝑎2 )
𝐿 [ 2 ] = 𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑎𝑡
(𝑠 − 4𝑎2 )2

3
𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑎 =
2

−1
𝑠2 + 9 3
𝐿 [ 2 ] = 𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2 𝑡
(𝑠 − 9)2 2

−1
𝑠2 + 9
𝐿 [ 2 ] = 𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ3𝑡
(𝑠 − 9)2

−𝟏
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏 −𝟏
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒
𝟑) 𝑰𝒇 𝑳 [ 𝟐 ] = 𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉𝒕 . 𝑭𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝑳 [ 𝟐 ]
(𝒔 − 𝟏)𝟐 (𝒔 − 𝟒)𝟐

Solution

𝑠
𝑅𝑒𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠 𝑏𝑦 (𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝑎) 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆
𝑎
& 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡 𝑏𝑦 𝑎𝑡 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑅. 𝐻. 𝑆 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝑠 2
−1
1 𝑎) + 1
(
𝐿 2 = 𝑎𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑡
𝑎 𝑠 2
[ [(𝑎) − 1)] ]

3
EM III_SMITA N
 −1
𝑎(𝑠 2 + 𝑎2 )
𝐿 [ 2 ] = 𝑎𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑡
(𝑠 − 𝑎2 )2

−1
(𝑠 2 + 𝑎2 )
𝐿 [ 2 ] = 𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑡
(𝑠 − 𝑎2 )2

𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑎 = 2

−1
𝑠2 + 4
𝐿 [ 2 ] = 𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑡
(𝑠 − 4)2

𝟏 𝟏
𝟒) 𝑰𝒇 𝑳−𝟏 [ ] = (𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕 − 𝟐𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒕) .
(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒)𝟐 𝟏𝟔
𝟏
𝑭𝒊𝒏𝒅 (𝒊)𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒𝒂𝟐 )𝟐
𝟏
(𝒊𝒊) 𝑳−𝟏 [ 𝟐 ]
(𝒔 + 𝟗)𝟐

Solution

𝑠
𝑅𝑒𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠 𝑏𝑦 (𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝑎) 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆
𝑎
& 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡 𝑏𝑦 𝑎𝑡 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑅. 𝐻. 𝑆 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

4
EM III_SMITA N
 1 1 1
𝐿−1 2 = (𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑎𝑡 − 2𝑎𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑎𝑡)
𝑎 𝑠 2 16
[ [(𝑎) + 4)] ]

−1
𝑎3 1
𝐿 [ 2 ] = (𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑎𝑡 − 2𝑎𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑎𝑡)
(𝑠 + 4𝑎2 )2 16

1 1
𝐿−1 [ 2 ] = (𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑎𝑡 − 2𝑎𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑎𝑡)
(𝑠 + 4𝑎2 )2 16𝑎3

3
𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑎 =
2

1 1 3 3 3
𝐿−1 [ 2 ]= (𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡 − 2 𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑡)
(𝑠 + 9)2 3 3 2 2 2
16 ( )
2

1 1
𝐿−1 [ 2 ] = (𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 − 3𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡)
(𝑠 + 9)2 54

𝒔 𝒕 𝒔
5) 𝑰𝒇 𝑳−𝟏 [ ] = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕 . 𝑭𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
(𝒔𝟐 +𝟒)𝟐 𝟒 (𝒔𝟐 +𝟏)𝟐

Solution

𝑠
𝑅𝑒𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠 𝑏𝑦 (𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝑎) 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆
𝑎
& 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡 𝑏𝑦 𝑎𝑡 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑅. 𝐻. 𝑆 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

5
EM III_SMITA N
 𝑠
1 𝑎 𝑎𝑡
𝐿−1 2 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑎𝑡
𝑎 𝑠 2 4
[( + 4)] ]
[ 𝑎)

−1
1 𝑠𝑎4 𝑎𝑡
𝐿 [ 2 2 ] = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑎𝑡
𝑎 (𝑠 + 4𝑎2 )2 4

−1
𝑠𝑎2 𝑎𝑡
𝐿 [ 2 ] = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑎𝑡
(𝑠 + 4𝑎2 )2 4

𝑠𝑎 𝑡
𝐿−1 [ ] = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑎𝑡
(𝑠 2 + 4𝑎2 )2 4

𝑠 𝑡
𝐿−1 [ ] = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑎𝑡
(𝑠 2 + 4𝑎2 )2 4𝑎

1
𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑎 =
2

𝑠 𝑡
𝐿−1 [ ] = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
(𝑠 2 + 1)2 2

6
EM III_SMITA N
INVERSE LAPLACE TRANSFORM USING PARTIAL
FRACTIONS
To apply partial fractions degree of numerator should be less than
the degree of denominator. If the degree of numerator is equal or
greater than the degree of denominator divide numerator by
denominator.

𝟑𝒔+𝟕
1) 𝐋−𝟏 [ ]
𝒔𝟐 −𝟐𝒔−𝟑

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒊𝒔 𝒍𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒐𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓

𝟑𝒔 + 𝟕 𝟑𝒔 + 𝟕
=
𝒔𝟐 − 𝟐𝒔 − 𝟑 (𝒔 − 𝟑)(𝒔 + 𝟏)

𝟑𝒔 + 𝟕 𝑨 𝑩
= + … … … . (𝟏)
(𝒔 − 𝟑)(𝒔 + 𝟏) 𝒔 − 𝟑 𝒔 + 𝟏

𝟑𝒔 + 𝟕 = 𝑨(𝒔 + 𝟏) + 𝑩(𝒔 − 𝟑)

𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒔 = −𝟏

−𝟑 + 𝟕 = 𝑩(−𝟏 − 𝟑)

𝟒 = −𝟒𝑩

𝑩 = −𝟏

𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒔 = 𝟑

𝟗 + 𝟕 = 𝑨(𝟑 + 𝟏)

1
EM III_SMITA N
 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟒𝑨

𝑨=𝟒

Substituting the values of A & B we get

𝟑𝒔 + 𝟕 𝟒 −𝟏
= +
(𝒔 − 𝟑)(𝒔 + 𝟏) 𝒔 − 𝟑 𝒔 + 𝟏

𝟑𝒔 + 𝟕 𝟒 −𝟏
𝑳−𝟏 [ ] = 𝑳−𝟏 [ + ]
(𝒔 − 𝟑)(𝒔 + 𝟏) 𝒔−𝟑 𝒔+𝟏

= 𝟒𝒆𝟑𝒕 − 𝒆−𝒕

𝟐𝑺𝟐 −𝟒
2) 𝑳−𝟏 [(𝑺+𝟏)(𝑺−𝟐)(𝑺−𝟑)]

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒊𝒔 𝒍𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒐𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓

𝟐𝑺𝟐 − 𝟒 𝑨 𝑩 𝑪
= + + … … … … . . (𝟏)
(𝑺 + 𝟏)(𝑺 − 𝟐)(𝑺 − 𝟑) 𝑺 + 𝟏 𝑺 − 𝟐 𝑺 − 𝟑

𝟐𝑺𝟐 − 𝟒 = 𝑨(𝑺 − 𝟐)(𝑺 − 𝟑) + 𝑩(𝑺 + 𝟏)(𝑺 − 𝟑) + 𝑪(𝑺 + 𝟏)(𝑺 − 𝟐)

𝑷𝒖𝒕 𝒔 = −𝟏

𝟐(−𝟏)𝟐 − 𝟒 = 𝑨(−𝟏 − 𝟐)(−𝟏 − 𝟑)

−𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐𝑨
2
EM III_SMITA N
 −𝟏
𝑨=
𝟔

𝑷𝒖𝒕 𝒔 = 𝟐

𝟐(𝟐)𝟐 − 𝟒 = 𝑩(𝟐 + 𝟏)(𝟐 − 𝟑)

𝟒 = −𝟑𝑩

−𝟒
𝑩=
𝟑

𝑷𝒖𝒕 𝒔 = 𝟑

𝟐(𝟑)𝟐 − 𝟒 = 𝑪(𝟑 + 𝟏)(𝟑 − 𝟐)

𝟏𝟒 = 𝟒𝑪

𝟏𝟒 𝟕
𝑪= =
𝟒 𝟐

Substituting the values of A,B & C in equation (1)

𝟐𝑺𝟐 − 𝟒 −𝟏/𝟔 −𝟒/𝟑 𝟕/𝟐

= + +
(𝑺 + 𝟏)(𝑺 − 𝟐)(𝑺 − 𝟑) 𝑺 + 𝟏 𝑺 − 𝟐 𝑺 − 𝟑

3
EM III_SMITA N
 −𝟏
𝟐𝑺𝟐 − 𝟒 −𝟏/𝟔 −𝟒/𝟑 𝟕/𝟐
𝑳 [ ] = 𝑳−𝟏 [ + + ]
(𝑺 + 𝟏)(𝑺 − 𝟐)(𝑺 − 𝟑) 𝑺+𝟏 𝑺−𝟐 𝑺−𝟑

−𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏 −𝟒 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟕 𝟏
= 𝑳 [ ]+ 𝑳 [ ] + 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
𝟔 𝑺+𝟏 𝟑 𝑺−𝟐 𝟐 𝑺−𝟑

−𝟏 −𝒕 −𝟒 𝟐𝒕 𝟕 𝟑𝒕
= 𝒆 + 𝒆 + 𝒆
𝟔 𝟑 𝟐

−𝟏
𝟐𝑺𝟐 − 𝟒 𝟏 𝟒 𝟕
𝑳 [ ] = − 𝒆−𝒕 − 𝒆𝟐𝒕 + 𝒆𝟑𝒕
(𝑺 + 𝟏)(𝑺 − 𝟐)(𝑺 − 𝟑) 𝟔 𝟑 𝟐

𝟏
3) 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
𝒔(𝒔+𝟏)(𝒔+𝟑)(𝒔+𝟐)

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒊𝒔 𝒍𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒐𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓

𝟏 𝑨 𝑩 𝑪 𝑫
= + + +
𝒔(𝒔 + 𝟏)(𝒔 + 𝟑)(𝒔 + 𝟐) 𝒔 𝒔 + 𝟏 𝒔 + 𝟑 𝒔 + 𝟐

𝟏 = 𝑨(𝒔 + 𝟏)(𝒔 + 𝟑)(𝒔 + 𝟐) + 𝑩𝒔(𝒔 + 𝟑)(𝒔 + 𝟐) + 𝑪𝒔(𝒔 + 𝟏)(𝒔 + 𝟐)

+ 𝑫𝒔(𝒔 + 𝟏)(𝒔 + 𝟑)

𝑷𝒖𝒕 𝒔 = 𝟎
𝟏 = 𝑨(𝟎 + 𝟏)(𝟎 + 𝟑)(𝟎 + 𝟐)

𝟏 = 𝟔𝑨

4
EM III_SMITA N
 𝟏
𝑨=
𝟔

𝑷𝒖𝒕 𝒔 = −𝟏

𝟏 = 𝑩(−𝟏)(−𝟏 + 𝟑)(−𝟏 + 𝟐)

𝟏 = −𝟐𝑩

−𝟏
𝑩=
𝟐

𝑷𝒖𝒕 𝒔 = −𝟐

𝟏 = 𝑫(−𝟐)(−𝟐 + 𝟏)(−𝟐 + 𝟑)

𝟏 = 𝟐𝑫

𝟏
𝑫=
𝟐

𝑷𝒖𝒕 𝒔 = −𝟑

𝟏 = 𝑪(−𝟑)(−𝟑 + 𝟏)(−𝟑 + 𝟐)

𝟏 = −𝟔𝑪

−𝟏
𝑪=
𝟔

Substituting the values of A,B ,C & D in equation (1)

5
EM III_SMITA N
 𝟏 𝟏/𝟔 −𝟏/𝟐 −𝟏/𝟔 𝟏/𝟐
= + + +
𝒔(𝒔 + 𝟏)(𝒔 + 𝟑)(𝒔 + 𝟐) 𝒔 𝒔+𝟏 𝒔+𝟑 𝒔+𝟐

𝟏 𝟏/𝟔 −𝟏/𝟐 −𝟏/𝟔 𝟏/𝟐

𝑳−𝟏 [ ] = 𝑳−𝟏 [ + + + ]
𝒔(𝒔 + 𝟏)(𝒔 + 𝟑)(𝒔 + 𝟐) 𝒔 𝒔+𝟏 𝒔+𝟑 𝒔+𝟐

𝟏 𝟏 −𝒕 𝟏 −𝟑𝒕 𝟏 −𝟐𝒕
= − 𝒆 − 𝒆 + 𝒆
𝟔 𝟐 𝟔 𝟐

−𝟏 𝟐𝑺𝟐 −𝟔𝒔+𝟓
4) 𝑳 [𝒔𝟑 −𝟔𝒔𝟐 +𝟏𝟏𝒔−𝟔]

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒊𝒔 𝒍𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒐𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓

𝟐𝒔𝟐 − 𝟔𝒔 + 𝟓 𝑨 𝑩 𝑪
= + + … … … … . . (𝟏)
(𝒔 − 𝟏)(𝒔 − 𝟑)(𝒔 − 𝟐) 𝑺 − 𝟏 𝑺 − 𝟑 𝑺 − 𝟐

𝟐𝒔𝟐 − 𝟔𝒔 + 𝟓 = 𝑨(𝒔 − 𝟑)(𝒔 − 𝟐) + 𝑩(𝒔 − 𝟏)(𝒔 − 𝟐) + 𝑪(𝒔 − 𝟏)(𝒔 − 𝟑)

𝑷𝒖𝒕 𝒔 = 𝟏
𝟐 − 𝟔 + 𝟓 = 𝑨(𝟏 − 𝟑)(𝟏 − 𝟐)
𝟏 = 𝟐𝑨
𝟏
𝑨=
𝟐

𝑷𝒖𝒕 𝒔 = 𝟐

6
EM III_SMITA N
 𝟐(𝟐)𝟐 − 𝟔(𝟐) + 𝟓 = 𝑪(𝟐 − 𝟏)(𝟐 − 𝟑)
𝟏 = −𝑪
𝑪 = −𝟏

𝑷𝒖𝒕 𝒔 = 𝟑
𝟐(𝟑)𝟐 − 𝟔(𝟑) + 𝟓 = 𝑩(𝟑 − 𝟏)(𝟑 − 𝟐)

𝟓 = 𝟐𝑩

𝟓
𝑩=
𝟐

Substituting the values of A,B & C in equation (1)

𝟐𝒔𝟐 − 𝟔𝒔 + 𝟓 𝟏/𝟐 𝟓/𝟐 −𝟏

= + +
(𝒔 − 𝟏)(𝒔 − 𝟑)(𝒔 − 𝟐) 𝑺 − 𝟏 𝑺 − 𝟑 𝑺 − 𝟐

−𝟏
𝟐𝒔𝟐 − 𝟔𝒔 + 𝟓 𝟏/𝟐 𝟓/𝟐 −𝟏
𝑳 [ ] = 𝑳−𝟏 [ + + ]
(𝒔 − 𝟏)(𝒔 − 𝟑)(𝒔 − 𝟐) 𝑺−𝟏 𝑺−𝟑 𝑺−𝟐

𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟓 𝟏 𝟏
= 𝑳 [ ] + 𝑳−𝟏 [ ] − 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
𝟐 𝒔−𝟏 𝟐 𝒔−𝟑 𝒔−𝟐

𝟏 𝒕 𝟓 𝟑𝒕
= 𝒆 + 𝒆 − 𝒆𝟐𝒕
𝟐 𝟐

7
EM III_SMITA N
 𝟐
𝟑𝑺 + 𝟏𝟏𝒔 + 𝟏𝟏
5) 𝑳−𝟏 [ 𝟑 ]
𝒔 + 𝟔𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏𝟏𝒔 + 𝟔

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒊𝒔 𝒍𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒐𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓

𝟑𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏𝟏𝒔 + 𝟏𝟏 𝑨 𝑩 𝑪
= + + … … … … . . (𝟏)
(𝒔 + 𝟏)(𝒔 + 𝟐)(𝒔 + 𝟑) 𝑺 + 𝟏 𝑺 + 𝟐 𝑺 + 𝟑

𝟑𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏𝟏𝒔 + 𝟏𝟏 = 𝑨(𝒔 + 𝟐)(𝒔 + 𝟑) + 𝑩(𝒔 + 𝟏)(𝒔 + 𝟑) + 𝑪(𝒔 + 𝟏)(𝒔 + 𝟐)

𝑷𝒖𝒕 𝒔 = −𝟏
𝟑 − 𝟏𝟏 + 𝟏𝟏 = 𝑨(−𝟏 + 𝟐)(−𝟏 + 𝟑)
𝟑 = 𝟐𝑨
𝟑
𝑨=
𝟐

𝑷𝒖𝒕 𝒔 = −𝟐
𝟑(−𝟐)𝟐 + 𝟏𝟏(−𝟐) + 𝟏𝟏 = 𝑩(−𝟐 + 𝟏)(−𝟐 + 𝟑)
𝟏 = −𝑩
𝑩 = −𝟏

𝑷𝒖𝒕 𝒔 = −𝟑
𝟑(−𝟑)𝟐 + 𝟏𝟏(−𝟑) + 𝟏𝟏 = 𝑪(−𝟑 + 𝟏)(−𝟑 + 𝟐)
𝟓 = 𝟐𝑪

8
EM III_SMITA N
 𝟓
𝑪=
𝟐
Substituting the values of A,B & C in equation (1)

𝟑𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏𝟏𝒔 + 𝟏𝟏 𝟑/𝟐 −𝟏 𝟓/𝟐

= + +
(𝒔 + 𝟏)(𝒔 + 𝟐)(𝒔 + 𝟑) 𝑺 + 𝟏 𝑺 + 𝟐 𝑺 + 𝟑

−𝟏
𝟑𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏𝟏𝒔 + 𝟏𝟏 𝟑/𝟐 −𝟏 𝟓/𝟐
𝑳 [ ] = 𝑳−𝟏 [ + + ]
(𝒔 + 𝟏)(𝒔 + 𝟐)(𝒔 + 𝟑) 𝑺+𝟏 𝑺+𝟐 𝑺+𝟑

𝟑 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟓 𝟏
= 𝑳 [ ] − 𝑳−𝟏 [ ] + 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
𝟐 𝒔+𝟏 𝒔+𝟐 𝟐 𝒔+𝟑

𝟑 −𝒕 𝟓
= 𝒆 − 𝒆−𝟐𝒕 + 𝒆−𝟑𝒕
𝟐 𝟐

𝒔+𝟐
6) 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
(𝑺+𝟑)(𝑺+𝟏)𝟑

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒊𝒔 𝒍𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒐𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓

𝒔+𝟐 𝑨 𝑩 𝑪 𝑫
= + + + … … … … . . (𝟏)
(𝑺 + 𝟑)(𝑺 + 𝟏)𝟑 𝑺 + 𝟑 𝑺 + 𝟏 (𝑺 + 𝟏)𝟐 (𝑺 + 𝟏)𝟑

𝒔 + 𝟐 = 𝑨(𝑺 + 𝟏)𝟑 + 𝑩(𝑺 + 𝟑)(𝑺 + 𝟏)𝟐 + 𝑪(𝑺 + 𝟑)(𝑺 + 𝟏) + 𝑫(𝑺 + 𝟑)

9
EM III_SMITA N
 𝑷𝒖𝒕 𝒔 = −𝟏
−𝟏 + 𝟐 = 𝑫(−𝟏 + 𝟑)
𝟏
𝑫=
𝟐

𝑷𝒖𝒕 𝒔 = −𝟑
𝒔 + 𝟐 = 𝑨(𝑺 + 𝟏)𝟑 + 𝑩(𝑺 + 𝟑)(𝑺 + 𝟏)𝟐 + 𝑪(𝑺 + 𝟑)(𝑺 + 𝟏) + 𝑫(𝑺 + 𝟑)

−𝟑 + 𝟐 = 𝑨(−𝟑 + 𝟏)𝟑
−𝟏 = −𝟖𝑨
𝟏
𝑨=
𝟖

𝑷𝒖𝒕 𝒔 = 𝟎
𝒔 + 𝟐 = 𝑨(𝑺 + 𝟏)𝟑 + 𝑩(𝑺 + 𝟑)(𝑺 + 𝟏)𝟐 + 𝑪(𝑺 + 𝟑)(𝑺 + 𝟏) + 𝑫(𝑺 + 𝟑)

𝟐 = 𝑨 + 𝟑𝑩 + 𝟑𝑪 + 𝟑𝑫
𝟏 𝟏
𝟐= + 𝟑𝑩 + 𝟑𝑪 + 𝟑
𝟖 𝟐
𝟏 𝟑
𝟑𝑩 + 𝟑𝑪 = 𝟐 − −
𝟖 𝟐
𝟑
𝟑𝑩 + 𝟑𝑪 =
𝟖
𝟏
𝑩 + 𝑪 = … … … … (𝟐)
𝟖

𝑷𝒖𝒕 𝒔 = 𝟏
𝒔 + 𝟐 = 𝑨(𝑺 + 𝟏)𝟑 + 𝑩(𝑺 + 𝟑)(𝑺 + 𝟏)𝟐 + 𝑪(𝑺 + 𝟑)(𝑺 + 𝟏) + 𝑫(𝑺 + 𝟑)
𝟑 = 𝟖𝑨 + 𝟏𝟔𝑩 + 𝟖𝑪 + 𝟒𝑫

10
EM III_SMITA N
 𝟏 𝟏
𝟑 = 𝟖 + 𝟏𝟔𝑩 + 𝟖𝑪 + 𝟒
𝟖 𝟐
𝟑 = 𝟏 + 𝟏𝟔𝑩 + 𝟖𝑪 + 𝟐
𝟏𝟔𝑩 + 𝟖𝑪 = 𝟑 − 𝟏 − 𝟐
𝟏𝟔𝑩 + 𝟖𝑪 = 𝟎
𝟐𝑩 + 𝑪 = 𝟎 … … … … … . . (𝟑)

Solving equations (2) & (3) we get

−𝟏 𝟏
𝑩= ,𝑪 =
𝟖 𝟒

Substituting the values of A,B ,C & D in equation (1)

𝒔+𝟐 𝟏/𝟖 −𝟏/𝟖 𝟏/𝟒 𝟏/𝟐

= + + +
(𝑺 + 𝟑)(𝑺 + 𝟏)𝟑 𝑺 + 𝟑 𝑺 + 𝟏 (𝑺 + 𝟏)𝟐 (𝑺 + 𝟏)𝟑

𝒔+𝟐 𝟏/𝟖 −𝟏/𝟖 𝟏/𝟒 𝟏/𝟐

𝑳−𝟏 [ ] = 𝑳−𝟏
[ + + + ]
(𝑺 + 𝟑)(𝑺 + 𝟏)𝟑 𝑺 + 𝟑 𝑺 + 𝟏 (𝑺 + 𝟏)𝟐 (𝑺 + 𝟏)𝟑

𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏
= 𝑳 [ ] − 𝑳−𝟏 [ ] + 𝑳−𝟏 [ ] + 𝑳 [ ]
𝟖 𝑺+𝟑 𝟖 𝑺+𝟏 𝟒 (𝑺 + 𝟏)𝟐 𝟐 (𝑺 + 𝟏)𝟑

𝟏 −𝟑𝒕 𝟏 −𝒕 𝟏 −𝒕 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= 𝒆 − 𝒆 + 𝒆 𝑳 [ 𝟐 ] + 𝒆−𝒕 𝑳−𝟏 [ 𝟑 ]
𝟖 𝟖 𝟒 𝒔 𝟐 𝒔

𝟏 −𝟑𝒕 𝟏 −𝒕 𝟏 −𝒕 𝟏 −𝒕 𝒕𝟐
= 𝒆 − 𝒆 + 𝒕𝒆 + 𝒆
𝟖 𝟖 𝟒 𝟐 𝟐

11
EM III_SMITA N
 𝟓𝒔+𝟑
7) 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
(𝑺−𝟏)(𝑺𝟐 +𝟐𝒔+𝟓)

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒊𝒔 𝒍𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒐𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓

𝟓𝒔 + 𝟑 𝑨 𝑩𝒔 + 𝑪
= + … … … … … . (𝟏)
(𝑺 − 𝟏)(𝑺𝟐 + 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟓) 𝑺 − 𝟏 𝑺𝟐 + 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟓

𝟓𝒔 + 𝟑 = 𝑨(𝑺𝟐 + 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟓) + (𝑺 − 𝟏)(𝑩𝒔 + 𝑪)

𝑷𝒖𝒕 𝒔 = 𝟏
𝟖 = 𝟖𝑨
𝑨=𝟏

𝑷𝒖𝒕 𝒔 = 𝟎

𝟑 = 𝟓𝑨 − 𝑪
𝟑 − 𝟓 = −𝑪
𝑪 = 𝟐 … … … … … … (𝟐)

𝑷𝒖𝒕 𝒔 = −𝟏
𝟓𝒔 + 𝟑 = 𝑨(𝑺𝟐 + 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟓) + (𝑺 − 𝟏)(𝑩𝒔 + 𝑪)
−𝟓 + 𝟑 = 𝑨(𝟏 − 𝟐 + 𝟓) + (−𝟏 − 𝟏)(−𝑩 + 𝑪)
−𝟐 = 𝟒𝑨 + 𝟐𝑩 − 𝟐𝑪
−𝟏 = 𝟐𝑨 + 𝑩 − 𝑪
𝑩 = −𝟏 − 𝟐 + 𝟐 = −𝟏 … … … … … . (𝟑)

12
EM III_SMITA N
Substituting the values of A,B & C in equation (1)

𝟓𝒔 + 𝟑 𝟏 −𝒔 + 𝟐
= +
(𝑺 − 𝟏)(𝑺𝟐 + 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟓) 𝑺 − 𝟏 𝑺𝟐 + 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟓

𝟓𝒔 + 𝟑 𝟏 𝒔−𝟐
= −
(𝑺 − 𝟏)(𝑺𝟐 + 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟓) 𝑺 − 𝟏 𝑺𝟐 + 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟓

𝟏 𝒔−𝟐
= −
𝑺 − 𝟏 (𝑺 + 𝟏)𝟐 + 𝟒

𝟏 𝒔+𝟏−𝟏−𝟐
= −
𝑺 − 𝟏 (𝑺 + 𝟏)𝟐 + 𝟒

𝟏 (𝒔 + 𝟏) − 𝟑
= −
𝑺 − 𝟏 (𝑺 + 𝟏)𝟐 + 𝟒

𝟓𝒔 + 𝟑 𝟏 (𝒔 + 𝟏) 𝟑
= − +
(𝑺 − 𝟏)(𝑺𝟐 + 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟓) 𝑺 − 𝟏 (𝑺 + 𝟏)𝟐 + 𝟒 (𝑺 + 𝟏)𝟐 + 𝟒

𝟓𝒔 + 𝟑 𝟏 (𝒔 + 𝟏) 𝟑
𝑳−𝟏 [ ] = 𝑳−𝟏
[ − + ]
(𝑺 − 𝟏)(𝑺𝟐 + 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟓) 𝑺 − 𝟏 (𝑺 + 𝟏)𝟐 + 𝟒 (𝑺 + 𝟏)𝟐 + 𝟒

𝟏 (𝒔 + 𝟏) 𝟑
= 𝑳−𝟏 [ ] − 𝑳−𝟏 [ ] + 𝑳−𝟏
[ ]
𝑺−𝟏 (𝑺 + 𝟏)𝟐 + 𝟒 (𝑺 + 𝟏)𝟐 + 𝟒

𝒔 𝟑
= 𝒆𝒕 − 𝒆−𝒕 𝑳−𝟏 [ ] + 𝒆−𝒕 −𝟏
𝑳 [ ]
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒 𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒
𝟑
= 𝒆𝒕 − 𝒆−𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒕 + 𝒆−𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕
𝟐
13
EM III_SMITA N
 𝟏
𝟖) 𝑳−𝟏 [ 𝟑 ]
𝒔 +𝟏

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒊𝒔 𝒍𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒐𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓

𝒂𝟑 + 𝒃𝟑 = (𝒂 + 𝒃)(𝒂𝟐 − 𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝟐 )

𝟏 𝟏
=
𝒔𝟑 + 𝟏 (𝒔 + 𝟏)(𝒔𝟐 − 𝒔 + 𝟏)

𝟏 𝑨 𝑩𝒔 + 𝑪
= + … … … … … . (𝟏)
(𝒔 + 𝟏)(𝒔𝟐 − 𝒔 + 𝟏) 𝒔 + 𝟏 𝒔𝟐 − 𝒔 + 𝟏

𝟏 = 𝑨(𝒔𝟐 − 𝒔 + 𝟏) + (𝑩𝒔 + 𝑪)(𝑺 + 𝟏)

𝑷𝒖𝒕 𝒔 = −𝟏
𝟏 = 𝑨(𝟏 + 𝟏 + 𝟏)
𝟑𝑨 = 𝟏
𝟏
𝑨=
𝟑

𝑷𝒖𝒕 𝒔 = 𝟎
𝟏 = 𝑨(𝒔𝟐 − 𝒔 + 𝟏) + (𝑩𝒔 + 𝑪)(𝑺 + 𝟏)
𝟏=𝑨+𝑪
𝟏
𝟏= +𝑪
𝟑
𝟏 𝟐
𝑪=𝟏− =
𝟑 𝟑
14
EM III_SMITA N
 𝑷𝒖𝒕 𝒔 = 𝟏
𝟏 = 𝑨(𝒔𝟐 − 𝒔 + 𝟏) + (𝑩𝒔 + 𝑪)(𝒔 + 𝟏)
𝟏 = 𝑨(𝟏 − 𝟏 + 𝟏) + (𝑩 + 𝑪)(𝟐)
𝟏 = 𝑨 + 𝟐𝑩 + 𝟐𝑪
𝟏 𝟐
𝟏= + 𝟐𝑩 + 𝟐
𝟑 𝟑
𝟏 𝟒
𝟏 = + 𝟐𝑩 +
𝟑 𝟑
𝟓
𝟏= + 𝟐𝑩
𝟑
𝟓 −𝟐
𝟐𝑩 = 𝟏 − =
𝟑 𝟑
−𝟏
𝑩=
𝟑
Substituting the values of A,B & C in equation (1)

𝟏 𝟏/𝟑 (−𝟏/𝟑)𝒔 + 𝟐/𝟑

= +
(𝒔 + 𝟏)(𝒔𝟐 − 𝒔 + 𝟏) 𝒔 + 𝟏 𝒔𝟐 − 𝒔 + 𝟏

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 (−𝒔 + 𝟐)
= + 𝟐
𝟑𝒔 + 𝟏 𝟑𝒔 − 𝒔 + 𝟏

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 (𝒔 − 𝟐)
= − 𝟐
𝟑𝒔 + 𝟏 𝟑𝒔 − 𝒔 + 𝟏

𝟏 𝟏 𝒔−𝟐
= [ − 𝟐 ]
𝟑 𝒔+𝟏 𝒔 −𝒔+𝟏

15
EM III_SMITA N
 𝟏 𝟏 𝒔−𝟐
= [ − ]
𝟑 𝒔+𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
(𝒔 − 𝟐) + 𝟒

𝟏 𝟏
𝟏 𝟏 𝒔− + −𝟐
= [ − 𝟐 𝟐 ]
𝟑 𝒔+𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
(𝒔 − 𝟐) + 𝟒

𝟏 𝟑
𝟏 𝟏 (𝒔 − 𝟐) − 𝟐
= [ − ]
𝟑 𝒔+𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
(𝒔 − 𝟐) + 𝟒

𝟏 𝟑
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 (𝒔 − 𝟐)
= − + 𝟐
𝒔𝟑 + 𝟏 𝟑 𝒔 + 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 √𝟑 𝟏 𝟐 √𝟑
(𝒔 − 𝟐) + ( 𝟐 ) (𝒔 − 𝟐) + ( 𝟐 )
[ ]

𝟏 𝟑
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 (𝒔 − 𝟐)
𝑳−𝟏 [ 𝟑 ] = 𝑳−𝟏 − + 𝟐
𝒔 +𝟏 𝟑 𝒔+𝟏 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 √𝟑 𝟏 𝟐 √𝟑
(𝒔 − 𝟐) + ( 𝟐 ) (𝒔 − 𝟐) + ( 𝟐 )
[ ]

𝟏 𝟑
𝟏 𝟏 (𝒔 − 𝟐)
= 𝑳−𝟏 [ ] − 𝑳−𝟏 + 𝑳−𝟏 𝟐
𝟑 𝒔+𝟏 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 √𝟑 𝟏 𝟐 √𝟑
(𝒔 − 𝟐) + ( 𝟐 ) (𝒔 − 𝟐) + ( 𝟐 )
[ [ ] [ ]]

16
EM III_SMITA N
 𝟏 −𝒕 𝒕 𝒔 𝟑 𝒕 𝟏
= 𝒆 − 𝒆𝟐 𝑳−𝟏 𝟐
+ 𝒆𝟐 𝑳−𝟏 𝟐
𝟑 √𝟑 𝟐 √𝟑
𝒔𝟐 + ( ) 𝒔𝟐 + ( )
[ 𝟐 ] [ 𝟐 ]
[ ]

√𝟑
𝟏 𝒕 √𝟑 𝒕
𝟐
= 𝒆−𝒕 − 𝒆𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒕+√𝟑𝒆𝟐 𝑳−𝟏 𝟐
𝟑 𝟐 √𝟑
𝒔𝟐 + ( )
[ 𝟐 ]
[ ]

𝟏 −𝒕 𝒕 √𝟑 𝒕 √𝟑
= [𝒆 − 𝒆𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒕+√𝟑𝒆𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒕]
𝟑 𝟐 𝟐

−𝟏
𝒔𝟐
𝟗) 𝑳 [ 𝟐 ]
(𝒔 + 𝟏)(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒)

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒊𝒔 𝒍𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒐𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓

𝑳𝒆𝒕 𝒔𝟐 = 𝒙

𝒙
𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
(𝒙 + 𝟏)(𝒙 + 𝟒)

𝒙 𝑨 𝑩
= + … … … … (𝟏)
(𝒙 + 𝟏)(𝒙 + 𝟒) 𝒙 + 𝟏 𝒙 + 𝟒

17
EM III_SMITA N
 𝒙 = 𝑨(𝒙 + 𝟒) + 𝑩(𝒙 + 𝟏)
𝑷𝒖𝒕 𝒙 = −𝟏
−𝟏 = 𝑨(−𝟏 + 𝟒)
−𝟏 = 𝟑𝑨
−𝟏
𝑨=
𝟑

𝑷𝒖𝒕 𝒙 = −𝟒
−𝟒 = 𝑩(−𝟒 + 𝟏)
−𝟒 = −𝟑𝑩
𝟒
𝑩=
𝟑

Substituting the values of A & B in equation (1)

𝒙 −𝟏/𝟑 𝟒/𝟑
= +
(𝒙 + 𝟏)(𝒙 + 𝟒) 𝒙 + 𝟏 𝒙 + 𝟒
Replacing 𝒙 𝒃𝒚 𝒔𝟐 𝒘𝒆 𝒈𝒆𝒕
𝒔𝟐 −𝟏/𝟑 𝟒/𝟑
= +
(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏)(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒) 𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏 𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒

𝒔𝟐 −𝟏/𝟑 𝟒/𝟑
𝑳−𝟏 [ ] = 𝑳−𝟏
[ + ]
(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏)(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒) 𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏 𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒

−𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟒 𝟏
= 𝑳 [ 𝟐 ] + 𝑳−𝟏 [ 𝟐 ]
𝟑 𝒔 +𝟏 𝟑 𝒔 +𝟒

−𝟏 𝟐
= 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕
𝟑 𝟑

18
EM III_SMITA N
 −𝟏
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟑
𝟏𝟎) 𝑳 [ 𝟐 ]
(𝒔 + 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟓)(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟐)

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒊𝒔 𝒍𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒐𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓
𝑳𝒆𝒕 𝒔𝟐 + 𝟐𝒔 = 𝒙

𝒙+𝟑
𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
(𝒙 + 𝟓)(𝒙 + 𝟐)

𝒙+𝟑 𝑨 𝑩
= + … … … … … . (𝟏)
(𝒙 + 𝟓)(𝒙 + 𝟐) 𝒙 + 𝟓 𝒙 + 𝟐

𝒙 + 𝟑 = 𝑨(𝒙 + 𝟐) + 𝑩(𝒙 + 𝟓)

𝑷𝒖𝒕 𝒙 = −𝟐
−𝟐 + 𝟑 = 𝑩(−𝟐 + 𝟓)
𝟏 = 𝟑𝑩
𝟏
𝑩=
𝟑

𝑷𝒖𝒕 𝒙 = −𝟓
−𝟓 + 𝟑 = 𝑨(−𝟓 + 𝟐)
−𝟐 = −𝟑𝑨
𝟐
𝑨=
𝟑

19
EM III_SMITA N
Substituting the values of A & B in equation (1)

𝒙+𝟑 𝟐/𝟑 𝟏/𝟑

= +
(𝒙 + 𝟓)(𝒙 + 𝟐) 𝒙 + 𝟓 𝒙 + 𝟐

Replacing 𝒙 𝒃𝒚 𝒔𝟐 + 𝟐𝒔 𝒘𝒆 𝒈𝒆𝒕

𝒔𝟐 + 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟑 𝟐/𝟑 𝟏/𝟑
= +
(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟓)(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟐) 𝒔𝟐 + 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟓 𝒔𝟐 + 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟐

−𝟏
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟑 −𝟏
𝟐/𝟑 𝟏/𝟑
𝑳 [ 𝟐 ] = 𝑳 [ + ]
(𝒔 + 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟓)(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟐) 𝒔𝟐 + 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟓 𝒔𝟐 + 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟐

𝟐 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= 𝑳 [ 𝟐 ] + 𝑳−𝟏 [ 𝟐 ]
𝟑 𝒔 + 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟓 𝟑 𝒔 + 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟐

𝟐 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏
= 𝑳 [ ] + 𝑳 [ ]
𝟑 (𝒔 + 𝟏)𝟐 + 𝟒 𝟑 (𝒔 + 𝟏)𝟐 + 𝟏

𝟐 −𝒕 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= 𝒆 𝑳 [ 𝟐 ] + 𝒆−𝒕 𝑳−𝟏 [ 𝟐 ]
𝟑 𝒔 +𝟒 𝟑 𝒔 +𝟏

𝟏 −𝒕 −𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏
= 𝒆 𝑳 [ 𝟐 ] + 𝒆−𝒕 𝑳−𝟏 [ 𝟐 ]
𝟑 𝒔 +𝟒 𝟑 𝒔 +𝟏

𝟏 −𝒕 𝟏
= 𝒆 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕 + 𝒆−𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕
𝟑 𝟑

20
EM III_SMITA N
 𝒔 + 𝟐𝟗
𝟏𝟏) 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
(𝒔 + 𝟒)(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟗)

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒊𝒔 𝒍𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒐𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓

𝒔 + 𝟐𝟗 𝑨 𝑩𝒔 + 𝒄
= + … … … (𝟏)
(𝒔 + 𝟒)(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟗) 𝒔 + 𝟒 𝒔𝟐 + 𝟗

𝒔 + 𝟐𝟗 = 𝑨(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟗) + (𝑩𝒔 + 𝒄)(𝒔 + 𝟒)

𝑷𝒖𝒕 𝒔 = −𝟒
−𝟒 + 𝟐𝟗 = 𝑨(𝟏𝟔 + 𝟗)
𝟐𝟓 = 𝟐𝟓𝑨
𝑨=𝟏

𝑷𝒖𝒕 𝒔 = 𝟎
𝟐𝟗 = 𝟗𝑨 + 𝟒𝑪
𝟐𝟗 = 𝟗 + 𝟒𝑪
𝟒𝑪 = 𝟐𝟗 − 𝟗 = 𝟐𝟎
𝑪=𝟓

𝑷𝒖𝒕 𝒔 = 𝟏
𝟑𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎𝑨 + 𝟓𝑩 + 𝟓𝑪
𝟑𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎 + 𝟓𝑩 + 𝟐𝟓
𝟓𝑩 = 𝟑𝟎 − 𝟏𝟎 − 𝟐𝟓
𝟓𝑩 = −𝟓
𝑩 = −𝟏

Substituting the values of A,B & C in equation (1)

21
EM III_SMITA N
 𝒔 + 𝟐𝟗 𝟏 −𝒔 + 𝟓
= +
(𝒔 + 𝟒)(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟗) 𝒔 + 𝟒 𝒔𝟐 + 𝟗

𝒔 + 𝟐𝟗 𝟏 −𝒔 + 𝟓
𝑳−𝟏 [ ] = 𝑳 −𝟏
[ + ]
(𝒔 + 𝟒)(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟗) 𝒔 + 𝟒 𝒔𝟐 + 𝟗

𝟏 𝒔 𝟓
= 𝑳−𝟏 [ − 𝟐 + 𝟐 ]
𝒔+𝟒 𝒔 +𝟗 𝒔 +𝟗

𝟓
= 𝒆−𝟒𝒕 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑𝒕 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝒕
𝟑

𝟐𝟏𝒔 − 𝟑𝟑
𝟏𝟐) 𝐋−𝟏 [ ]
(𝒔 + 𝟏)(𝒔 − 𝟐)𝟑

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒊𝒔 𝒍𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒐𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓

𝟐𝟏𝒔 − 𝟑𝟑 𝑨 𝑩 𝑪 𝑫
= + + +
(𝒔 + 𝟏)(𝒔 − 𝟐)𝟑 𝒔 + 𝟏 𝒔 − 𝟐 (𝒔 − 𝟐)𝟐 (𝒔 − 𝟐)𝟑

𝟐𝟏𝒔 − 𝟑𝟑 = 𝑨(𝒔 − 𝟐)𝟑 + 𝑩(𝒔 + 𝟏)(𝒔 − 𝟐)𝟐 + 𝑪(𝒔 + 𝟏)(𝒔 − 𝟐) + 𝑫(𝒔 + 𝟏)

𝑷𝒖𝒕 𝒔 = −𝟏
−𝟐𝟏 − 𝟑𝟑 = 𝑨(−𝟏 − 𝟐)𝟑
−𝟓𝟒 = −𝟐𝟕𝑨
𝑨=𝟐

𝑷𝒖𝒕 𝒔 = 𝟐

22
EM III_SMITA N
 𝟐𝟏(𝟐) − 𝟑𝟑 = 𝑫(𝟐 + 𝟏)
𝟗 = 𝟑𝑫
𝑫=𝟑

𝑷𝒖𝒕 𝒔 = 𝟎
−𝟑𝟑 = −𝟖𝑨 + 𝟒𝑩 − 𝟐𝑪 + 𝑫
−𝟑𝟑 = −𝟏𝟔 + 𝟒𝑩 − 𝟐𝑪 + 𝟑
𝟒𝑩 − 𝟐𝑪 = −𝟑𝟑 + 𝟏𝟔 − 𝟑
𝟒𝑩 − 𝟐𝑪 = −𝟐𝟎 … … … … (𝟐)

𝑷𝒖𝒕 𝒔 = 𝟏
−𝟏𝟐 = −𝑨 + 𝟐𝑩 − 𝟐𝑪 + 𝟐𝑫
−𝟏𝟐 = −𝟐 + 𝟐𝑩 − 𝟐𝑪 + 𝟔
𝟐𝑩 − 𝟐𝑪 = −𝟏𝟐 + 𝟐 − 𝟔
𝟐𝑩 − 𝟐𝑪 = −𝟏𝟔 … … … … (𝟑)
Solving (2) & (3)
𝑩 = −𝟐 , 𝑪 = 𝟔

Substituting the values of A,B,C & D in equation (1)

𝟐𝟏𝒔 − 𝟑𝟑 𝟐 −𝟐 𝟔 𝟑
= + + +
(𝒔 + 𝟏)(𝒔 − 𝟐)𝟑 𝒔 + 𝟏 𝒔 − 𝟐 (𝒔 − 𝟐)𝟐 (𝒔 − 𝟐)𝟑

𝟐𝟏𝒔 − 𝟑𝟑
𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
(𝒔 + 𝟏)(𝒔 − 𝟐)𝟑
𝟐 −𝟐 𝟔 𝟑
= 𝑳−𝟏 [ + + + ]
𝒔 + 𝟏 𝒔 − 𝟐 (𝒔 − 𝟐)𝟐 (𝒔 − 𝟐)𝟑

23
EM III_SMITA N
 −𝒕 𝟐𝒕
𝒕𝟐 −𝒕
𝟐𝒕
= 𝟐𝒆 − 𝟐𝒆 + 𝟔𝒕𝒆 + 𝟑 𝒆
𝟐!

𝟑
= 𝟐𝒆−𝒕 − 𝟐𝒆𝟐𝒕 + 𝟔𝒕𝒆𝟐𝒕 + 𝒕𝟐 𝒆−𝒕
𝟐

𝟏
𝟏𝟑) 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
𝒔𝟐 (𝒔 + 𝟑)𝟐

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒊𝒔 𝒍𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒐𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓
𝟏 𝑨 𝑩 𝑪 𝑫
= + + + … … … . . (𝟏)
𝒔𝟐 (𝒔 + 𝟑)𝟐 𝒔 𝒔𝟐 𝒔 + 𝟑 (𝒔 + 𝟑)𝟐

𝟏 = 𝑨𝒔(𝒔 + 𝟑)𝟐 + 𝑩(𝒔 + 𝟑)𝟐 + 𝑪𝒔𝟐 (𝒔 + 𝟑) + 𝑫𝒔𝟐

𝑷𝒖𝒕 𝒔 = 𝟎
𝟏 = 𝟗𝑩
𝟏
𝑩=
𝟗

𝑷𝒖𝒕 𝒔 = −𝟑
𝟏 = 𝟗𝑫
𝟏
𝑫=
𝟗

24
EM III_SMITA N
 𝑷𝒖𝒕 𝒔 = 𝟏
𝟏 = 𝟏𝟔𝑨 + 𝟏𝟔𝑩 + 𝟒𝑪 + 𝑫
𝟏𝟔 𝟏
𝟏 = 𝟏𝟔𝑨 + + 𝟒𝑪 +
𝟗 𝟗
𝟏𝟕
𝟏𝟔𝑨 + 𝟒𝑪 = 𝟏 −
𝟗
𝟖
𝟏𝟔𝑨 + 𝟒𝑪 = −
𝟗
𝟐
𝟒𝑨 + 𝑪 = − … … … . . (𝟐)
𝟗

𝑷𝒖𝒕 𝒔 = −𝟏
𝟏 = −𝟒𝑨 + 𝟒𝑩 + 𝟐𝑪 + 𝑫
𝟒 𝟏
𝟏 = −𝟒𝑨 + + 𝟐𝑪 +
𝟗 𝟗
𝟓
−𝟒𝑨 + 𝟐𝑪 = 𝟏 −
𝟗
𝟒
−𝟒𝑨 + 𝟐𝑪 =
𝟗
𝟐
−𝟐𝑨 + 𝑪 = … … … . . (𝟑)
𝟗
𝟐
𝑨=−
𝟐𝟕
𝟐
𝑪=
𝟐𝟕

Substituting the values of A,B,C & D in equation (1)

𝟏 𝟐/𝟐𝟕 𝟏/𝟗 𝟐/𝟐𝟕 𝟏/𝟗
= + + + … … … . . (𝟏)
𝒔𝟐 (𝒔 + 𝟑)𝟐 𝒔 𝒔𝟐 𝒔 + 𝟑 (𝒔 + 𝟑)𝟐

25
EM III_SMITA N
 𝟏 𝟐/𝟐𝟕 𝟏/𝟗 𝟐/𝟐𝟕 𝟏/𝟗
𝑳−𝟏 [ 𝟐 ] = 𝑳 −𝟏
[ + + + ]
𝒔 (𝒔 + 𝟑)𝟐 𝒔 𝒔𝟐 𝒔 + 𝟑 (𝒔 + 𝟑)𝟐

−𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 −𝟑𝒕 𝟏 −𝟑𝒕
= + 𝒕+ 𝒆 + 𝒆 𝒕
𝟐𝟕 𝟗 𝟐𝟕 𝟗

𝟏
= (−𝟐 + 𝟑𝒕 + 𝟐𝒆−𝟑𝒕 + 𝟑𝒆−𝟑𝒕 𝒕)
𝟐𝟕

−𝟏
𝒂(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟐𝒂𝟐 )
𝟏𝟒) 𝑳 [ 𝟒 ]
𝒔 + 𝟒𝒂𝟒

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

𝒔𝟒 + 𝟒𝒂𝟒 = (𝒔𝟐 + 𝟐𝒂𝟐 )𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝟐 𝒔𝟐

= (𝒔𝟐 + 𝟐𝒂𝟐 )𝟐 − (𝟐𝒂𝒔)𝟐

𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐 = (𝒂 + 𝒃)(𝒂 − 𝒃)

= (𝒔𝟐 + 𝟐𝒂𝟐 + 𝟐𝒂𝒔)(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟐𝒂𝟐 − 𝟐𝒂𝒔)

𝒂(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟐𝒂𝟐 ) 𝒂(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟐𝒂𝟐 )

= 𝟐
𝒔𝟒 + 𝟒𝒂𝟒 (𝒔 + 𝟐𝒂𝟐 + 𝟐𝒂𝒔)(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟐𝒂𝟐 − 𝟐𝒂𝒔)

26
EM III_SMITA N
 𝑎 1 1
= [ 𝟐 + ] (𝑏𝑦 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡)
2 𝒔 + 𝟐𝒂𝟐 + 𝟐𝒂𝒔 𝒔𝟐 + 𝟐𝒂𝟐 − 𝟐𝒂𝒔

𝑎 1 1
= [ + ]
2 (𝒔 + 𝒂)𝟐 + 𝒂𝟐 (𝒔 − 𝒂)𝟐 + 𝒂𝟐

𝒂(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟐𝒂𝟐 ) 𝑎 1 1
= [ + ]
𝒔𝟒 + 𝟒𝒂𝟒 2 (𝒔 + 𝒂)𝟐 + 𝒂𝟐 (𝒔 − 𝒂)𝟐 + 𝒂𝟐

−𝟏
𝒂(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟐𝒂𝟐 ) 𝑎 −𝟏 1 1
𝑳 [ 𝟒 ] = 𝑳 [ + ]
𝒔 + 𝟒𝒂𝟒 2 (𝒔 + 𝒂)𝟐 + 𝒂𝟐 (𝒔 − 𝒂)𝟐 + 𝒂𝟐

𝑎 −𝟏 1 1
= 𝑳 [ 𝟐
+ 𝟐
]
2 (𝒔 + 𝒂) + 𝒂 𝟐 (𝒔 − 𝒂) + 𝒂 𝟐

𝒂 −𝟏 𝟏 −𝟏
𝟏
= [𝑳 ( ) + 𝑳 ( )]
𝟐 (𝒔 + 𝒂)𝟐 + 𝒂𝟐 (𝒔 − 𝒂)𝟐 + 𝒂𝟐

𝒂 −𝒂𝒕 −𝟏 𝟏 𝒂𝒕 −𝟏
𝟏
= [𝒆 𝑳 ( 𝟐 ) + 𝒆 𝑳 ( )]
𝟐 𝒔 + 𝒂𝟐 𝒔𝟐 + 𝒂 𝟐

𝒂 −𝒂𝒕 𝟏 𝟏
= [𝒆 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕 + 𝒆𝒂𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕]
𝟐 𝒂 𝒂

𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕 −𝒂𝒕
= [𝒆 + 𝒆𝒂𝒕 ]
𝟐
27
EM III_SMITA N
 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉𝒂𝒕

−𝟏
𝒔𝟐
𝟏𝟓) 𝑳 [ ]
(𝒔 + 𝒂)𝟑

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒊𝒔 𝒍𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒐𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓

𝒔𝟐 𝑨 𝑩 𝑪
= + + … … . . (𝟏)
(𝒔 + 𝒂)𝟑 𝒔 + 𝒂 (𝒔 + 𝒂)𝟐 (𝒔 + 𝒂)𝟑
𝒔𝟐 = 𝑨(𝒔 + 𝒂)𝟐 + 𝑩(𝒔 + 𝒂) + 𝑪

𝑷𝒖𝒕 𝒔 = −𝒂

𝑪 = 𝒂𝟐
𝑷𝒖𝒕 𝒔 = 𝟎

𝟎 = 𝑨𝒂𝟐 + 𝒂𝑩 + 𝒂𝟐 … … … . (𝟐)

𝑷𝒖𝒕 𝒔 = 𝒂

𝒂𝟐 = 𝟒𝒂𝟐 𝑨 + 𝟐𝒂𝑩 + 𝒂𝟐
𝟒𝒂𝟐 𝑨 + 𝟐𝒂𝑩 = 𝟎
𝟐𝒂𝑨 + 𝑩 = 𝟎
𝑩 = −𝟐𝒂𝑨

Substituting in equation (2)

𝟎 = 𝑨𝒂𝟐 + 𝒂(−𝟐𝒂𝑨) + 𝒂𝟐
𝑨𝒂𝟐 − 𝟐𝒂𝟐 𝑨 + 𝒂𝟐 = 𝟎

28
EM III_SMITA N
 −𝑨 + 𝟏 = 𝟎
𝑨=𝟏
𝑺𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝑩 = −𝟐𝒂𝑨
𝑩 = −𝟐𝒂

Substituting the values of A,B & C in equation (1)

𝒔𝟐 𝟏 −𝟐𝒂 𝒂𝟐
= + +
(𝒔 + 𝒂)𝟑 𝒔 + 𝒂 (𝒔 + 𝒂)𝟐 (𝒔 + 𝒂)𝟑

−𝟏
𝒔𝟐 −𝟏
𝟏 −𝟐𝒂 𝒂𝟐
𝑳 [ ]=𝑳 [ + + ]
(𝒔 + 𝒂)𝟑 𝒔 + 𝒂 (𝒔 + 𝒂)𝟐 (𝒔 + 𝒂)𝟑

−𝟏
𝟏 −𝟏
𝟐𝒂 −𝟏
𝒂𝟐
=𝑳 [ ]−𝑳 [ ]+𝑳 [ ]
𝒔+𝒂 (𝒔 + 𝒂)𝟐 (𝒔 + 𝒂)𝟑

−𝒂𝒕 −𝒂𝒕 𝟐 −𝒂𝒕

𝒕𝟐
=𝒆 − 𝟐𝒂𝒆 𝒕+𝒂 𝒆
𝟐!

−𝒂𝒕
𝒂 𝟐 𝒕𝟐
=𝒆 (𝟏 − 𝟐𝒂𝒕 + )
𝟐

29
EM III_SMITA N
 𝒔
𝟏𝟔) 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
(𝒔 + 𝟏)𝟐 (𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏)

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒊𝒔 𝒍𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒐𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓
𝒔 𝒔
=
(𝒔 + 𝟏)𝟐 (𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏) (𝒔𝟐 + 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟏)(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏)

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= [ 𝟐 − 𝟐 ] (𝒃𝒚 𝒂𝒅𝒋𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕)
𝟐 (𝒔 + 𝟏) (𝒔 + 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟏)

𝒔 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= [ − ]
(𝒔 + 𝟏)𝟐 (𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏) 𝟐 (𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏) (𝒔𝟐 + 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟏)

𝒔 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝑳−𝟏 [ ] = 𝑳 [ − ]
(𝒔 + 𝟏)𝟐 (𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏) 𝟐 (𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏) (𝒔𝟐 + 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟏)

𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= 𝑳 [ 𝟐 − ]
𝟐 (𝒔 + 𝟏) (𝒔 + 𝟏)𝟐

𝟏
= [𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕 − 𝒆−𝒕 𝒕]
𝟐

30
EM III_SMITA N
 𝟐𝒔 − 𝟏
𝟏𝟕) 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
𝒔𝟒 + 𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

𝒔𝟒 + 𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏 = (𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏)𝟐 − 𝒔𝟐
𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐 = (𝒂 + 𝒃)(𝒂 − 𝒃)
= (𝒔𝟐 + 𝒔 + 𝟏)(𝒔𝟐 − 𝒔 + 𝟏)
𝟐𝒔 − 𝟏 𝟐𝒔 − 𝟏
=
𝒔𝟒 + 𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏 (𝒔𝟐 + 𝒔 + 𝟏)(𝒔𝟐 − 𝒔 + 𝟏)

𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒊𝒔 𝒍𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒐𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓

𝟐𝒔 − 𝟏 𝑨𝒔 + 𝑩 𝑪𝒔 + 𝑫
= + … … . . (𝟏)
(𝒔𝟐 + 𝒔 + 𝟏)(𝒔𝟐 − 𝒔 + 𝟏) 𝒔𝟐 + 𝒔 + 𝟏 𝒔𝟐 − 𝒔 + 𝟏

𝟐𝒔 − 𝟏 = (𝑨𝒔 + 𝑩)(𝒔𝟐 − 𝒔 + 𝟏) + (𝑪𝒔 + 𝑫)( 𝒔𝟐 + 𝒔 + 𝟏)

𝑪𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒆𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒍𝒊𝒌𝒆 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒔

𝟐𝒔 − 𝟏 = 𝑨𝒔𝟑 − 𝑨𝒔𝟐 + 𝑨𝒔 + 𝑩𝒔𝟐 − 𝑩𝒔 + 𝑩 + 𝑪𝒔𝟑 + 𝑪𝒔𝟐 + 𝑪𝒔 + 𝑫𝒔𝟐 + 𝑫𝒔 + 𝑫

𝟐𝒔 − 𝟏 = (𝑨 + 𝑪)𝒔𝟑 + (−𝑨 + 𝑩 + 𝑪 + 𝑫)𝒔𝟐 + (𝑨 − 𝑩 + 𝑪 + 𝑫)𝒔 + (𝑩 + 𝑫)

Comparing the coefficients of 𝒔𝟑

𝑨+𝑪=𝟎
𝑨 = −𝑪

31
EM III_SMITA N
Comparing the coefficients of 𝒔𝟐
−𝑨 + 𝑩 + 𝑪 + 𝑫 = 𝟎
𝑪+𝑩+𝑪+𝑫=𝟎 (𝑨 = −𝑪)
𝑩 + 𝟐𝑪 + 𝑫 = 𝟎……….(2)

Comparing the coefficients of 𝒔

𝑨−𝑩+𝑪+𝑫=𝟐
−𝑪 − 𝑩 + 𝑪 + 𝑫 = 𝟐 (𝑨 = −𝑪)
−𝑩 + 𝑫 = 𝟐 … … … . (𝟑)
Comparing the coefficients of the constant term
𝑩 + 𝑫 = −𝟏…………(4)

Solving equations (2),(3) & (4) we get

−𝟑 𝟏 𝟏
𝑩= ,𝑪 = ,𝑫 =
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
−𝟏
𝑨=
𝟐

Substituting the values of A,B,C & D in equation (1)

𝟏 𝟑 𝟏 𝟏
𝟐𝒔 − 𝟏 (− )𝒔 + (− ) ( )𝒔 + ( )
= 𝟐 𝟐 + 𝟐𝟐 𝟐
(𝒔𝟐 + 𝒔 + 𝟏)(𝒔𝟐 − 𝒔 + 𝟏) 𝒔𝟐 + 𝒔 + 𝟏 𝒔 −𝒔+𝟏

𝟏 −𝒔 − 𝟑 𝒔+𝟏
= [ 𝟐 + 𝟐 ]
𝟐 𝒔 +𝒔+𝟏 𝒔 −𝒔+𝟏

𝟏 𝒔+𝟑 𝒔+𝟏
= [− 𝟐 + 𝟐 ]
𝟐 𝒔 +𝒔+𝟏 𝒔 −𝒔+𝟏

32
EM III_SMITA N
 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏 𝒔+ − +𝟑 𝒔− + +𝟏
= − 𝟐 𝟐 + 𝟐 𝟐
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 √𝟑 𝟏 𝟐 √𝟑
(𝒔 + 𝟐) + ( 𝟐 ) (𝒔 − 𝟐) + ( 𝟐 )
[ ]

𝟏 𝟓 𝟏 𝟑
𝟏 (𝒔 + 𝟐) + 𝟐 (𝒔 − 𝟐) + 𝟐
= − 𝟐
+ 𝟐
𝟐 𝟏 𝟐
√𝟑 𝟏 𝟐 √𝟑
(𝒔 + 𝟐) + ( 𝟐 ) (𝒔 − 𝟐) + ( 𝟐 )
[ ]

Taking Laplace inverse on both sides

𝟐𝒔 − 𝟏
𝑳−𝟏 [ 𝟒 ]=
𝒔 + 𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏
𝟏 𝟓
𝟏 (𝒔 + 𝟐)
= 𝑳−𝟏 − − 𝟐
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 √𝟑 𝟏 𝟐 √𝟑
(𝒔 + 𝟐) + ( 𝟐 ) (𝒔 + 𝟐) + ( 𝟐 )
[
𝟏 𝟑
(𝒔 − 𝟐)
+ + 𝟐
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 √𝟑 𝟏 𝟐 √𝟑
(𝒔 − 𝟐) + ( 𝟐 ) (𝒔 − 𝟐) + ( 𝟐 )
]

𝟏 −𝒕 √𝟑 𝟓 −𝒕 √𝟑 𝒕 √𝟑
= [−𝒆 𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒕− 𝒆 𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒕 + 𝒆𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒕
𝟐 𝟐 √𝟑 𝟐 𝟐
𝒕 √𝟑
+ √𝟑𝒆 𝒔𝒊𝒏
𝟐 𝒕]
𝟐

33
EM III_SMITA N
 −𝟏
𝟏 −𝒕
𝒕𝟐
𝟏𝟖) 𝑳 [ 𝟑 ] 𝑨𝒏𝒔: 𝒆 − (𝟏 + 𝒕 + )
𝒔 (𝒔 − 𝟏) 𝟐

𝒔𝟐 −𝟏 𝟐
19) 𝑳−𝟏 [ ] 𝑨𝒏𝒔: 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕 + 𝟑 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕
(𝒔𝟐 +𝟏)(𝒔𝟐 +𝟒) 𝟑

𝒔 𝟑 𝟑𝒕 𝟑 𝟐
𝟐𝟎) 𝑳−𝟏 [ ] 𝐴𝑛𝑠: 𝒆 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒕 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕
(𝒔 − 𝟑)(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒) 𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟑

−𝟏
𝟐𝒔𝟐 − 𝟔𝒔 + 𝟓 −𝒕 + 𝟓𝒆𝟐𝒕 − 𝟑 𝒆𝒕/𝟐
𝟐𝟏) 𝑳 [ 𝟑 ] 𝐴𝑛𝑠: 𝟐𝒆
𝒔 − 𝟔𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏𝟏𝒔 − 𝟔 𝟐

𝟐𝒔𝟐 − 𝟏 𝟑
𝟐𝟐) 𝑳 −𝟏
[ ] 𝐴𝑛𝑠: 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕
𝟐 𝟐
(𝒔 + 𝟏)(𝒔 + 𝟒) 𝟐

34
EM III_SMITA N
 CONVOLUTION THEOREM

𝑳𝒆𝒕 𝑳[𝒇𝟏 (𝒕)] = 𝑭𝟏 (𝒔) & 𝑳[𝒇𝟐 (𝒕)] = 𝑭𝟐 (𝒔)

𝒇𝟏 (𝒕) = 𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟏 (𝒔)] & 𝒇𝟐 (𝒕) = 𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟐 (𝒔)]

Convolution theorem states that

𝒕

𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟏 (𝒔)𝑭𝟐 (𝒔)] = ∫ 𝒇𝟏 (𝒖)𝒇𝟐 (𝒕 − 𝒖)𝒅𝒖

𝟎

Find by Convolution theorem

𝒔
1) 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
(𝒔𝟐 +𝟏)𝟐

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

𝒔 𝟏
𝑳𝒆𝒕 𝑭𝟏 (𝒔) = 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑭 𝟐 (𝒔 ) =
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏 𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏

𝒇𝟏 (𝒕) = 𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟏 (𝒔)]

𝒔
= 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏

1
EM III_SMITA N
 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕

𝒇𝟐 (𝒕) = 𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟐 (𝒔)]

−𝟏
𝟏
=𝑳 [ 𝟐 ]
𝒔 +𝟏

= 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕

𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟏 (𝒔)𝑭𝟐 (𝒔)] = ∫ 𝒇𝟏 (𝒖)𝒇𝟐 (𝒕 − 𝒖)𝒅𝒖

𝟎
𝒕
𝒔
𝑳−𝟏 [ 𝟐 ] = ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒖 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝒕 − 𝒖)𝒅𝒖
(𝒔 + 𝟏)𝟐
𝟎

𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑨𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑩 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝑨 + 𝑩) − 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝑨 − 𝑩)

𝒕
𝟏
= ∫ 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝒖 + 𝒕 − 𝒖) − 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝒖 − (𝒕 − 𝒖))𝒅𝒖
𝟐
𝟎
𝒕
𝟏
= ∫ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝒖 − 𝒕 + 𝒖)𝒅𝒖
𝟐
𝟎

2
EM III_SMITA N
 𝟏 𝒕
= ∫𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝟐𝒖 − 𝒕)𝒅𝒖
𝟐

𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟐𝒖 − 𝒕) 𝒕
= [𝒖𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕 + ]
𝟐 𝟐 𝟎

𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟐𝒕 − 𝒕) 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟎 − 𝒕)
= [𝒕𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕 + − (𝟎 + )]
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐

𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕
= [𝒕𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕 + − ]
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐

𝟏
= 𝒕𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕
𝟐

−𝟏
𝒔𝟐
𝟐) 𝑳 [ 𝟐 ]
(𝒔 + 𝟒)𝟐

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

𝒔 𝒔
𝑳𝒆𝒕 𝑭𝟏 (𝒔) = 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑭 𝟐 (𝒔 ) =
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒 𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒

𝒇𝟏 (𝒕) = 𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟏 (𝒔)]

3
EM III_SMITA N
 𝒔
= 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒

= 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒕

𝒇𝟐 (𝒕) = 𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟐 (𝒔)]

𝒔
= 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒

= 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒕
𝒕

𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟏 (𝒔)𝑭𝟐 (𝒔)] = ∫ 𝒇𝟏 (𝒖)𝒇𝟐 (𝒕 − 𝒖)𝒅𝒖

𝟎

𝒕
−𝟏
𝒔𝟐
𝑳 [ 𝟐 ] = ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒖 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐(𝒕 − 𝒖)𝒅𝒖
(𝒔 + 𝟒)𝟐
𝟎

𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑨𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑩 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝑨 + 𝑩) + 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝑨 − 𝑩)

𝒕
𝟏
= ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟐𝒖 + 𝟐𝒕 − 𝟐𝒖) + 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟐𝒖 − (𝟐𝒕 − 𝟐𝒖))𝒅𝒖
𝟐
𝟎

4
EM III_SMITA N
 𝟏 𝒕
= ∫𝟎 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒕 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟐𝒖 − 𝟐𝒕 + 𝟐𝒖)𝒅𝒖
𝟐

𝟏 𝒕
= ∫𝟎 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒕 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟒𝒖 − 𝟐𝒕)𝒅𝒖
𝟐

𝟏 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝟒𝒖 − 𝟐𝒕) 𝒕
= [𝒖𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒕 + ]
𝟐 𝟒 𝟎

𝟏 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝟒𝒕−𝟐𝒕) 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝟎−𝟐𝒕)
= [𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒕 + − (𝟎 + )]
𝟐 𝟒 𝟒

𝟏 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕
= [𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒕 + + ]
𝟐 𝟒 𝟒

𝟏 𝟏
= [𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒕 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕]
𝟐 𝟐

𝟏
= [𝟐𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒕 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕]
𝟒

5
EM III_SMITA N
 𝟏
𝟑) 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
(𝒔 − 𝟐)(𝒔 + 𝟐)𝟐

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝟏 𝟏
𝑳𝒆𝒕 𝑭𝟏 (𝒔) = 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑭𝟐 (𝒔) =
𝒔−𝟐 (𝒔 + 𝟐)𝟐

𝒇𝟏 (𝒕) = 𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟏 (𝒔)]

𝟏
= 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
𝒔−𝟐

= 𝒆𝟐𝒕

𝒇𝟐 (𝒕) = 𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟐 (𝒔)]

𝟏
= 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
(𝒔 + 𝟐)𝟐

𝟏
= 𝒆−𝟐𝒕 𝑳−𝟏 [ 𝟐 ]
𝒔

= 𝒕𝒆−𝟐𝒕

6
EM III_SMITA N
 𝒕

𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟏 (𝒔)𝑭𝟐 (𝒔)] = ∫ 𝒇𝟏 (𝒖)𝒇𝟐 (𝒕 − 𝒖)𝒅𝒖

𝟎

𝒕
𝟏
𝑳−𝟏 [ 𝟐
] = ∫ 𝒆𝟐𝒖 (𝒕 − 𝒖)𝒆−𝟐(𝒕−𝒖) 𝒅𝒖
(𝒔 − 𝟐)(𝒔 + 𝟐)
𝟎

= ∫(𝒕 − 𝒖)𝒆𝟐𝒖 𝒆−𝟐(𝒕−𝒖) 𝒅𝒖

𝟎
𝒕

= ∫(𝒕 − 𝒖)𝒆𝟐𝒖−𝟐𝒕+𝟐𝒖 𝒅𝒖
𝟎
𝒕

= ∫(𝒕 − 𝒖)𝒆𝟒𝒖−𝟐𝒕 𝒅𝒖
𝟎
𝒕

= ∫(𝒕 − 𝒖)𝒆𝟒𝒖 𝒆−𝟐𝒕 𝒅𝒖

𝟎
𝒕

= 𝒆−𝟐𝒕 ∫(𝒕 − 𝒖)𝒆𝟒𝒖 𝒅𝒖

𝟎

= 𝒆−𝟐𝒕 [(𝒕 − 𝒖) ∫ 𝒆𝟒𝒖 𝒅𝒖 − ∫(∫ 𝒆𝟒𝒖 𝒅𝒖)(−𝒅𝒖)]𝒕𝟎

7
EM III_SMITA N
 𝒕
−𝟐𝒕 (
𝒆𝟒𝒖 𝒆𝟒𝒖
= 𝒆 [ 𝒕 − 𝒖) +∫ 𝒅𝒖]
𝟒 𝟒 𝟎

𝒕
−𝟐𝒕 (
𝒆𝟒𝒖 𝒆𝟒𝒖
= 𝒆 [ 𝒕 − 𝒖) + ]
𝟒 𝟏𝟔 𝟎

−𝟐𝒕
𝒆𝟒𝒕 𝟏 𝟏
=𝒆 [𝟎 + − (𝒕 − 𝟎) − ]
𝟏𝟔 𝟒 𝟏𝟔

−𝟐𝒕
𝒆𝟒𝒕 𝒕 𝟏
=𝒆 [ − − ]
𝟏𝟔 𝟒 𝟏𝟔

𝒆𝟐𝒕 𝒆−𝟐𝒕 𝒕 𝒆−𝟐𝒕

= − −
𝟏𝟔 𝟒 𝟏𝟔

−𝟏
(𝒔 − 𝟏)𝟐
𝟒) 𝑳 [ 𝟐 ]
(𝒔 − 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟓)𝟐

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

−𝟏
(𝒔 − 𝟏)𝟐 𝒕 −𝟏
𝒔𝟐
𝑳 [ ]=𝒆𝑳 [ 𝟐 ]
(𝒔 − 𝟏)𝟐 + 𝟒)𝟐 (𝒔 + 𝟒)𝟐

8
EM III_SMITA N
 −𝟏
𝒔𝟐
𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒓 𝑳 [ 𝟐 ]
(𝒔 + 𝟒)𝟐

𝒔 𝒔
𝑳𝒆𝒕 𝑭𝟏 (𝒔) = 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑭 𝟐 (𝒔 ) =
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒 𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒

𝒇𝟏 (𝒕) = 𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟏 (𝒔)]

𝒔
= 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒

= 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒕

𝒇𝟐 (𝒕) = 𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟐 (𝒔)]

𝒔
= 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒

= 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒕
𝒕

𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟏 (𝒔)𝑭𝟐 (𝒔)] = ∫ 𝒇𝟏 (𝒖)𝒇𝟐 (𝒕 − 𝒖)𝒅𝒖

𝟎

9
EM III_SMITA N
 𝒕
−𝟏
𝒔𝟐
𝑳 [ 𝟐 ] = ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒖 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐(𝒕 − 𝒖)𝒅𝒖
(𝒔 + 𝟒)𝟐
𝟎

𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑨𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑩 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝑨 + 𝑩) + 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝑨 − 𝑩)

𝒕
𝟏
= ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟐𝒖 + 𝟐𝒕 − 𝟐𝒖) + 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟐𝒖 − (𝟐𝒕 − 𝟐𝒖))𝒅𝒖
𝟐
𝟎
𝒕
𝟏
= ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒕 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟐𝒖 − 𝟐𝒕 + 𝟐𝒖)𝒅𝒖
𝟐
𝟎

𝟏 𝒕
= ∫𝟎 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒕 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟒𝒖 − 𝟐𝒕)𝒅𝒖
𝟐

𝟏 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝟒𝒖 − 𝟐𝒕) 𝒕
= [𝒖𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒕 + ]
𝟐 𝟒 𝟎

𝟏 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝟒𝒕 − 𝟐𝒕) 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝟎 − 𝟐𝒕)

= [𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒕 + − (𝟎 + )]
𝟐 𝟒 𝟒

𝟏 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕
= [𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒕 + + ]
𝟐 𝟒 𝟒

10
EM III_SMITA N
 𝟏 𝟏
= [𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒕 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕]
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏
= [𝟐𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒕 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕]
𝟒

−𝟏
(𝒔 − 𝟏)𝟐 𝒆𝒕
𝑳 [ 𝟐 ] = [𝟐𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒕 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕]
(𝒔 − 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟓)𝟐 𝟒

𝒔+𝟏
𝟓) 𝑳−𝟏 [ 𝟐 ]
(𝒔 + 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟐)𝟐
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

𝒔+𝟏 𝒔+𝟏
𝑳−𝟏 [ ] = 𝑳 −𝟏
[ ]
(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟐)𝟐 (𝒔 + 𝟏)𝟐 + 𝟏)𝟐
𝒔
= 𝒆−𝒕 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
(𝒔𝟐 +𝟏)𝟐

𝒔
𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒓 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏)𝟐
𝟏 𝒔
𝑳𝒆𝒕 𝑭𝟏 (𝒔) = 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑭 𝟐 (𝒔 ) =
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏 𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏

𝒇𝟏 (𝒕) = 𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟏 (𝒔)]

𝟏
= 𝑳−𝟏 [ 𝟐 ]
𝒔 +𝟏
= 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕
11
EM III_SMITA N
 𝒇𝟐 (𝒕) = 𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟐 (𝒔)]
𝒔
= 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏
= 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕
𝒕

𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟏 (𝒔)𝑭𝟐 (𝒔)] = ∫ 𝒇𝟏 (𝒖)𝒇𝟐 (𝒕 − 𝒖)𝒅𝒖

𝟎
𝒕
𝒔
𝑳−𝟏 [ 𝟐 ] = ∫ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒖 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒕 − 𝒖)𝒅𝒖
(𝒔 + 𝟏)𝟐
𝟎

𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑨𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑩 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝑨 + 𝑩) + 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝑨 − 𝑩)

𝒕
𝟏
= ∫ 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝒖 + 𝒕 − 𝒖) + 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝒖 − (𝒕 − 𝒖))𝒅𝒖
𝟐
𝟎
𝒕
𝟏
= ∫ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝒖 − 𝒕 + 𝒖)𝒅𝒖
𝟐
𝟎

𝟏 𝒕
= ∫𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝟐𝒖 − 𝒕)𝒅𝒖
𝟐

𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟐𝒖 − 𝒕) 𝒕
= [𝒖𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕 − ]
𝟐 𝟐 𝟎

12
EM III_SMITA N
 𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟐𝒕 − 𝒕) 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟎 − 𝒕)
= [𝒕𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕 − − (𝟎 − )]
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐

𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕
= [𝒕𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕 − + ]
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐

𝟏
= 𝒕𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕
𝟐

−𝟏
𝒔+𝟏 𝒆−𝒕
𝑳 [ 𝟐 ]= 𝒕𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕
(𝒔 + 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟐)𝟐 𝟐

−𝟏
𝒔𝟐
𝟔) 𝑳 [ 𝟐 ]
(𝒔 + 𝟗)(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒)

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

𝒔 𝒔
𝑳𝒆𝒕 𝑭𝟏 (𝒔) = ( )
𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑭𝟐 𝒔 = 𝟐
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟗 𝒔 +𝟒

𝒇𝟏 (𝒕) = 𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟏 (𝒔)]

𝒔
= 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟗
13
EM III_SMITA N
 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑𝒕

𝒇𝟐 (𝒕) = 𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟐 (𝒔)]

𝒔
= 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒
= 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒕
𝒕

𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟏 (𝒔)𝑭𝟐 (𝒔)] = ∫ 𝒇𝟏 (𝒖)𝒇𝟐 (𝒕 − 𝒖)𝒅𝒖

𝟎
𝒕
−𝟏
𝒔𝟐
𝑳 [ 𝟐 ] = ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑𝒖 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐(𝒕 − 𝒖)𝒅𝒖
(𝒔 + 𝟗)(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒)
𝟎

𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑨𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑩 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝑨 + 𝑩) + 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝑨 − 𝑩)

𝒕
𝟏
= ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟑𝒖 + 𝟐𝒕 − 𝟐𝒖) + 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟑𝒖 − (𝟐𝒕 − 𝟐𝒖))𝒅𝒖
𝟐
𝟎
𝒕
𝟏
= ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒖 + 𝟐𝒕) + 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟓𝒖 − 𝟐𝒕)𝒅𝒖
𝟐
𝟎

𝟏 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝟓𝒖 − 𝟐𝒕) 𝒕
= [𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝒖 + 𝟐𝒕) + ]
𝟐 𝟓 𝟎

14
EM III_SMITA N
 𝟏 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒏(−𝟐𝒕)
= [𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝒕 + − (𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕 + )]
𝟐 𝟓 𝟓

𝟏 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕
= [𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝒕 + − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕 + ]
𝟐 𝟓 𝟓

𝟏 𝟔𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝒕 𝟒𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕
= [ − ]
𝟐 𝟓 𝟓

−𝟏
𝒔𝟐 𝟏
𝑳 [ 𝟐 ] = [𝟑𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝒕 − 𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕]
(𝒔 + 𝟗)(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒) 𝟓

𝟏
𝟕) 𝑳−𝟏 [ 𝟐 ]
(𝒔 + 𝟒𝒔 + 𝟏𝟑)𝟐
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

𝟏 𝟏
𝑳−𝟏 [ ] = 𝑳 −𝟏
[ ]
(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒𝒔 + 𝟏𝟑)𝟐 (𝒔 + 𝟐)𝟐 + 𝟗)𝟐
𝟏
= 𝒆−𝟐𝒕 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟗)𝟐
𝟏
𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒓 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟗)𝟐

15
EM III_SMITA N
 𝟏 𝟏
𝑳𝒆𝒕 𝑭𝟏 (𝒔) = 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑭 𝟐 (𝒔 ) =
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟗 𝒔𝟐 + 𝟗

𝒇𝟏 (𝒕) = 𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟏 (𝒔)]

𝟏
= 𝑳−𝟏 [ 𝟐 ]
𝒔 +𝟗
𝟏
= 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝒕
𝟑
𝒇𝟐 (𝒕) = 𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟐 (𝒔)]
𝟏
= 𝑳−𝟏 [ 𝟐 ]
𝒔 +𝟗
𝟏
= 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝒕
𝟑
𝒕

𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟏 (𝒔)𝑭𝟐 (𝒔)] = ∫ 𝒇𝟏 (𝒖)𝒇𝟐 (𝒕 − 𝒖)𝒅𝒖

𝟎
𝒕
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝑳−𝟏 [ 𝟐 ] = ∫ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝒖 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑(𝒕 − 𝒖)𝒅𝒖
(𝒔 + 𝟗)𝟐 𝟑 𝟑
𝟎

𝒕
𝟏
= ∫ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝒖 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑(𝒕 − 𝒖)𝒅𝒖
𝟗
𝟎

𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑨𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑩 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝑨 − 𝑩) − 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝑨 + 𝑩)

16
EM III_SMITA N
 𝒕
𝟏
= ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟑𝒖 − 𝟑𝒕 + 𝟑𝒖) + 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟑𝒖 + 𝟑𝒕 − 𝟑𝒖)𝒅𝒖
𝟏𝟖
𝟎
𝒕
𝟏
= ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟔𝒖 − 𝟑𝒕) + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑𝒕 𝒅𝒖
𝟏𝟖
𝟎
𝒕
𝟏 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝟔𝒖 − 𝟑𝒕)
= [ + 𝒖𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑𝒕]
𝟏𝟖 𝟔 𝟎

𝟏 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒏(−𝟑𝒕)
= [[ + 𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑𝒕] − [ + 𝟎]]
𝟏𝟖 𝟔 𝟔

𝟏 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝒕
= [ + 𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑𝒕 + ]
𝟏𝟖 𝟔 𝟔

𝟏 𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝒕
= [ + 𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑𝒕]
𝟏𝟖 𝟔

−𝟏
𝟏 𝒆−𝟐𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝒕
𝑳 [ 𝟐 ]= [ + 𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑𝒕]
(𝒔 + 𝟒𝒔 + 𝟏𝟑)𝟐 𝟏𝟖 𝟑

17
EM III_SMITA N
 𝟏
𝟖) 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
(𝒔 + 𝟑)(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟐)
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝟏 𝟏
𝑳𝒆𝒕 𝑭𝟏 (𝒔) = 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑭 𝟐 (𝒔 ) =
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟐 𝒔+𝟑

𝒇𝟏 (𝒕) = 𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟏 (𝒔)]

𝟏
= 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
(𝒔 + 𝟏)𝟐 + 𝟏
𝟏
= 𝒆−𝒕 𝑳−𝟏 [ 𝟐 ]
𝒔 +𝟏
= 𝒆−𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕

𝒇𝟐 (𝒕) = 𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟐 (𝒔)]

𝟏
= 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
𝒔+𝟑
= 𝒆−𝟑𝒕
𝒕

𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟏 (𝒔)𝑭𝟐 (𝒔)] = ∫ 𝒇𝟏 (𝒖)𝒇𝟐 (𝒕 − 𝒖)𝒅𝒖

𝟎
𝒕
𝟏
𝑳−𝟏 [ 𝟐
] = ∫ 𝒆−𝒖 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒖𝒆−𝟑(𝒕−𝒖) 𝒅𝒖
(𝒔 + 𝟑)(𝒔 + 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟐)
𝟎
𝒕

= ∫ 𝒆−𝒖 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒖 𝒆−𝟑𝒕+𝟑𝒖 𝒅𝒖

𝟎

18
EM III_SMITA N
 𝒕

= ∫ 𝒆−𝒖−𝟑𝒕+𝟑𝒖 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒖𝒅𝒖
𝟎
𝒕

= ∫ 𝒆𝟐𝒖−𝟑𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒖𝒅𝒖
𝟎
𝒕

= ∫ 𝒆𝟐𝒖 𝒆−𝟑𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒖𝒅𝒖

𝟎
𝒕

= 𝒆−𝟑𝒕 ∫ 𝒆𝟐𝒖 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒖𝒅𝒖

𝟎

𝒂𝒙
𝒆𝒂𝒙
∫ 𝒆 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒃𝒙𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐 (𝒂𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒃𝒙 − 𝒃𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒃𝒙)
𝒂 + 𝒃𝟐

𝒕
−𝟑𝒕
𝒆𝟐𝒖
=𝒆 [ 𝟐 (𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒖 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒖)]
𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐 𝟎

−𝟑𝒕
𝒆𝟐𝒕 𝟏
=𝒆 [ (𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕) − (−𝟏)]
𝟓 𝟓

−𝟑𝒕
𝒆𝟐𝒕 𝟏
=𝒆 [ (𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕) + ]
𝟓 𝟓

19
EM III_SMITA N
 𝒆−𝒕 𝒆−𝟑𝒕
= (𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕) +
𝟓 𝟓

−𝟏
𝒔𝟐 + 𝒔
𝟗) 𝑳 [ 𝟐 ]
(𝒔 + 𝟏)(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟐)

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝒔(𝒔 + 𝟏)
𝑳−𝟏 [ 𝟐 ]
(𝒔 + 𝟏)(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟐)

𝒔+𝟏 𝒔
𝑳𝒆𝒕 𝑭𝟏 (𝒔) = 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑭 𝟐 (𝒔 ) =
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟐 𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏

𝒇𝟏 (𝒕) = 𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟏 (𝒔)]

𝒔+𝟏
= 𝑳−𝟏 [ 𝟐 ]
𝒔 + 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟐
𝒔+𝟏
= 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
(𝒔 + 𝟏)𝟐 + 𝟏
𝒔
= 𝒆−𝒕 𝑳−𝟏 [ 𝟐
] = 𝒆−𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕
𝒔 +𝟏

𝒇𝟐 (𝒕) = 𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟐 (𝒔)]

𝒔
= 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏

20
EM III_SMITA N
 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕
𝒕

𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟏 (𝒔)𝑭𝟐 (𝒔)] = ∫ 𝒇𝟏 (𝒖)𝒇𝟐 (𝒕 − 𝒖)𝒅𝒖

𝟎

𝒕
= ∫𝟎 𝒆−𝒖 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒖 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒕 − 𝒖)𝒅𝒖

𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑨𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑩 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝑨 + 𝑩) + 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝑨 − 𝑩)

𝒕
𝟏
= ∫ 𝒆−𝒖 [𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒖 + 𝒕 − 𝒖) + 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒖 − (𝒕 − 𝒖)]𝒅𝒖
𝟐
𝟎
𝒕
𝟏
= ∫ 𝒆−𝒖 [𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟐𝒖 − 𝒕)]𝒅𝒖
𝟐
𝟎
𝒕
𝟏
= ∫ 𝒆−𝒖 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕 + 𝒆−𝒖 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟐𝒖 − 𝒕)𝒅𝒖
𝟐
𝟎

𝟏 𝒕 𝒕
= [∫𝟎 𝒆−𝒖 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕 𝒅𝒖 + ∫𝟎 𝒆−𝒖 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟐𝒖 − 𝒕)𝒅𝒖]
𝟐

𝒂𝒙 𝒆𝒂𝒙
∫ 𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒃𝒙𝒅𝒙 = 𝒂𝟐+𝒃𝟐 (𝒂𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒃𝒙 + 𝒃𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒃𝒙)

21
EM III_SMITA N
 𝒕
𝟏 −𝒖
𝒆−𝒖
= [−𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕 + 𝟐 (−𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟐𝒖 − 𝒕) + 𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝟐𝒖 − 𝒕)]
𝟐 𝟏 + 𝟐𝟐 𝟎

𝟏 −𝒕
𝒆−𝒕
= [(−𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕 + (−𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟐𝒕 − 𝒕) + 𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝟐𝒕 − 𝒕))
𝟐 𝟓
𝟏
− (−𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕 + (−𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕 − 𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕))]
𝟓

𝟏 −𝒕
𝒆−𝒕 𝟏
= [[−𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕 + (−𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕 + 𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕)] − [−𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕 + (−𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕 − 𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕)]]
𝟐 𝟓 𝟓

𝟏 −𝒕
𝒆−𝒕 𝒆−𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕 𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕
= [−𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕 + 𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕 + + ]
𝟐 𝟓 𝟓 𝟓 𝟓

𝟏 𝟔𝒆−𝒕 𝟐𝒆−𝒕 𝟔𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕 𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕

= [− 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕 + + ]
𝟐 𝟓 𝟓 𝟓 𝟓
𝟏 −𝒕
= [𝒆 (−𝟔𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕 + 𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕) + 𝟔𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕 + 𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕]
𝟏𝟎

22
EM III_SMITA N
 −𝟏
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟓
𝟏𝟎) 𝑳 [ 𝟐 ]
(𝒔 + 𝟒𝒔 + 𝟏𝟑)𝟐

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

−𝟏
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟓 −𝟏
(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒𝒔 + 𝟏𝟑) − 𝟒𝒔 − 𝟏𝟑 + 𝟓
𝑳 [ 𝟐 ]=𝑳 [ ]
(𝒔 + 𝟒𝒔 + 𝟏𝟑)𝟐 (𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒𝒔 + 𝟏𝟑)𝟐

−𝟏
(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒𝒔 + 𝟏𝟑) − 𝟒𝒔 − 𝟖
=𝑳 [ ]
(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒𝒔 + 𝟏𝟑)𝟐

−𝟏
(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒𝒔 + 𝟏𝟑) 𝟒𝒔 + 𝟖
=𝑳 [ 𝟐 − ]
(𝒔 + 𝟒𝒔 + 𝟏𝟑)𝟐 (𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒𝒔 + 𝟏𝟑)𝟐
𝟏 𝒔+𝟐
= 𝑳−𝟏 [ − 𝟒 ]
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒𝒔 + 𝟏𝟑 (𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒𝒔 + 𝟏𝟑)𝟐

−𝟏
𝟏 −𝟏
𝒔+𝟐
=𝑳 [ 𝟐 ] − 𝟒𝑳 [ 𝟐 ]
𝒔 + 𝟒𝒔 + 𝟏𝟑 (𝒔 + 𝟒𝒔 + 𝟏𝟑)𝟐
𝟏 𝒔+𝟐
= 𝑳−𝟏 [ ] − 𝟒𝑳−𝟏
[ ]
(𝒔 + 𝟐)𝟐 + 𝟗 (𝒔 + 𝟐)𝟐 + 𝟗)𝟐
𝟏 𝒔
= 𝒆−𝟐𝒕 𝑳−𝟏 [ ] − 𝟒𝒆−𝟐𝒕 −𝟏
𝑳 [ ]
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟗 (𝒔𝟐 + 𝟗)𝟐
𝟏 𝒔
= 𝒆−𝟐𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝒕 − 𝟒𝒆−𝟐𝒕 𝑳−𝟏 [ 𝟐 ]
𝟑 (𝒔 + 𝟗)𝟐

23
EM III_SMITA N
 𝒔
𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒓 𝑳−𝟏 [ 𝟐 ]
(𝒔 + 𝟗)𝟐
𝒔 𝟏
𝑳𝒆𝒕 𝑭𝟏 (𝒔) = 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑭 𝟐 (𝒔 ) =
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟗 𝒔𝟐 + 𝟗

𝒇𝟏 (𝒕) = 𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟏 (𝒔)]

𝒔
= 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟗
= 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑𝒕

𝒇𝟐 (𝒕) = 𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟐 (𝒔)]

𝟏
= 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟗
𝟏
= 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝒕
𝟑
𝒕

𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟏 (𝒔)𝑭𝟐 (𝒔)] = ∫ 𝒇𝟏 (𝒖)𝒇𝟐 (𝒕 − 𝒖)𝒅𝒖

𝟎
𝒕
𝒔 𝟏
𝑳−𝟏 [ 𝟐 ] = ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑𝒖 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑(𝒕 − 𝒖)𝒅𝒖
(𝒔 + 𝟗)𝟐 𝟑
𝟎

𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑨𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑩 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝑨 + 𝑩) − 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝑨 − 𝑩)

𝒕
𝟏
= ∫ 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝟑𝒖 + 𝟑𝒕 − 𝟑𝒖) − 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝟑𝒖 − (𝟑𝒕 − 𝟑𝒖))𝒅𝒖
𝟔
𝟎
24
EM III_SMITA N
 𝒕
𝟏
= ∫ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝒕 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝟔𝒖 − 𝟑𝒕)𝒅𝒖
𝟔
𝟎

𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟔𝒖 − 𝟑𝒕) 𝒕
= [𝒖𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝒕 + ]
𝟔 𝟔 𝟎

𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒔(−𝟑𝒕)
= [𝒕𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝒕 + − (𝟎 + )]
𝟔 𝟔 𝟔

𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑𝒕
= [𝒕𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝒕 + − ]
𝟔 𝟔 𝟔

𝟏
= 𝒕𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝒕
𝟔

𝒔 𝟏
𝑳−𝟏 [ ] = 𝒕𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝒕
(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟗)𝟐 𝟔

−𝟏
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟓 𝟏 −𝟐𝒕 −𝟐𝒕
𝟏
𝑳 [ 𝟐 ] = 𝒆 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝒕 − 𝟒𝒆 [ 𝒕𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝒕]
(𝒔 + 𝟒𝒔 + 𝟏𝟑)𝟐 𝟑 𝟔
𝟏 −𝟐𝒕 𝟐
= 𝒆 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝒕 − 𝒆−𝟐𝒕 𝒕𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝒕
𝟑 𝟑

25
EM III_SMITA N
 −𝟏
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟑
𝟏𝟏) 𝑳 [ 𝟐 ]
(𝒔 + 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟐)(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟓)

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

−𝟏
(𝒔 + 𝟏)𝟐 + 𝟐
𝑳 [ ]
(𝒔 + 𝟏)𝟐 + 𝟏)(𝒔 + 𝟏)𝟐 + 𝟒)

−𝒕 −𝟏
(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏) + 𝟏
=𝒆 𝑳 [ 𝟐 ]
(𝒔 + 𝟏)(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒)

−𝟏
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏 𝟏
𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒓 𝑳 [ 𝟐 + ]
(𝒔 + 𝟏)(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒) (𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏)(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒)

𝟏 𝟏
𝑳−𝟏 [ 𝟐 + 𝟐 ]
(𝒔 + 𝟒) (𝒔 + 𝟏)(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒)

𝟏 𝟏
= 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕 + 𝑳−𝟏 [ 𝟐 ]
𝟐 (𝒔 + 𝟏)(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒)

𝟏
𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒓 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏)(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒)

26
EM III_SMITA N
 𝟏 𝟏
𝑳𝒆𝒕 𝑭𝟏 (𝒔) = 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑭 𝟐 (𝒔 ) =
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏 𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒

𝒇𝟏 (𝒕) = 𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟏 (𝒔)]

𝟏
= 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏
= 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕

𝒇𝟐 (𝒕) = 𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟐 (𝒔)]

𝟏
= 𝑳−𝟏 [ 𝟐 ]
𝒔 +𝟒
𝟏
= 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕
𝟐
𝒕

𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟏 (𝒔)𝑭𝟐 (𝒔)] = ∫ 𝒇𝟏 (𝒖)𝒇𝟐 (𝒕 − 𝒖)𝒅𝒖

𝟎
𝒕
𝟏 𝟏
𝑳−𝟏 [ 𝟐 ] = ∫ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒖 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐(𝒕 − 𝒖)𝒅𝒖
(𝒔 + 𝟏)(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒) 𝟐
𝟎

𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑨𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑩 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝑨 − 𝑩) − 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝑨 + 𝑩)

𝒕
𝟏
= ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒖 − 𝟐𝒕 + 𝟐𝒖) − 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒖 + 𝟐𝒕 − 𝟐𝒖)𝒅𝒖
𝟒
𝟎

27
EM III_SMITA N
 𝒕
𝟏
= ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟑𝒖 − 𝟐𝒕) − 𝒄𝒐𝒔(−𝒖 + 𝟐𝒕)𝒅𝒖
𝟒
𝟎

𝒕
𝟏
= ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟑𝒖 − 𝟐𝒕) − 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒖 − 𝟐𝒕)𝒅𝒖
𝟒
𝟎

𝒕
𝟏 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝟑𝒖 − 𝟐𝒕)
= [ − 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝒖 − 𝟐𝒕)]
𝟒 𝟑 𝟎

𝟏 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒏(−𝟐𝒕)
= [ − 𝒔𝒊𝒏(−𝒕) − ( − 𝒔𝒊𝒏(−𝟐𝒕))]
𝟒 𝟑 𝟑

𝟏 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕
= [ + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕 + − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕]
𝟒 𝟑 𝟑

𝟏 𝟒 𝟐
= [ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕]
𝟒 𝟑 𝟑

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝑳−𝟏 [ ] = [𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕]
(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏)(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒) 𝟑 𝟐

28
EM III_SMITA N
 −𝟏
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟑
𝑳 [ 𝟐 ]
(𝒔 + 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟐)(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟓)

𝒆−𝒕 𝒆−𝒕 𝟏
= 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕 + + [𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕]
𝟐 𝟑 𝟐

𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕

= 𝒆−𝒕 [ + − ]
𝟐 𝟑 𝟔

𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕
= 𝒆−𝒕 [ + ]
𝟑 𝟑

𝒆−𝒕
= [𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕]
𝟑

𝟏
𝟏𝟐) 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
(𝒔 − 𝟑)(𝒔 − 𝟏)
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝟏 𝟏
𝑳𝒆𝒕 𝑭𝟏 (𝒔) = 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑭𝟐 (𝒔) =
𝒔−𝟑 𝒔−𝟏

𝒇𝟏 (𝒕) = 𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟏 (𝒔)]

𝟏
= 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
𝒔−𝟑

29
EM III_SMITA N
 = 𝒆𝟑𝒕

𝒇𝟐 (𝒕) = 𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟐 (𝒔)]

𝟏
= 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
𝒔−𝟏
= 𝒆𝒕
𝒕

𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟏 (𝒔)𝑭𝟐 (𝒔)] = ∫ 𝒇𝟏 (𝒖)𝒇𝟐 (𝒕 − 𝒖)𝒅𝒖

𝟎
𝒕
𝟏
𝑳−𝟏 [ ] = ∫ 𝒆𝟑𝒖 𝒆(𝒕−𝒖) 𝒅𝒖
(𝒔 − 𝟑)(𝒔 − 𝟏)
𝟎
𝒕

= ∫ 𝒆𝟑𝒖+𝒕−𝒖 𝒅𝒖
𝟎
𝒕

= ∫ 𝒆𝟐𝒖+𝒕 𝒅𝒖
𝟎
𝒕
𝒆𝟐𝒖+𝒕
=[ ]
𝟐 𝟎

𝒆𝟑𝒕 𝒆𝒕
=[ − ]
𝟐 𝟐

30
EM III_SMITA N
 𝒆𝟑𝒕 − 𝒆𝒕
=
𝟐

𝒔
𝟏𝟑) 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
𝒔𝟒 + 𝟖𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏𝟔
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

𝒔𝟒 + 𝟖𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏𝟔 = 𝒔𝟒 + 𝟒𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏𝟔

= 𝒔𝟐 (𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒) + 𝟒(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒)
𝒔
𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒)𝟐
𝒔 𝟏
𝑳𝒆𝒕 𝑭𝟏 (𝒔) = 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑭 𝟐 (𝒔 ) =
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒 𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒

𝒇𝟏 (𝒕) = 𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟏 (𝒔)]

𝒔
= 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒
= 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒕

𝒇𝟐 (𝒕) = 𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟐 (𝒔)]

𝟏
= 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒

31
EM III_SMITA N
 𝟏
= 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕
𝟐
𝒕

𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟏 (𝒔)𝑭𝟐 (𝒔)] = ∫ 𝒇𝟏 (𝒖)𝒇𝟐 (𝒕 − 𝒖)𝒅𝒖

𝟎
𝒕
𝒔 𝟏
𝑳−𝟏 [ 𝟐 ] = ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒖 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝟐𝒕 − 𝟐𝒖)𝒅𝒖
(𝒔 + 𝟒)𝟐 𝟐
𝟎

𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑨𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑩 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝑨 + 𝑩) − 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝑨 − 𝑩)

𝒕
𝟏
= ∫ 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝟐𝒖 + 𝟐𝒕 − 𝟐𝒖) − 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝟐𝒖 − (𝟐𝒕 − 𝟐𝒖))𝒅𝒖
𝟒
𝟎
𝒕
𝟏
= ∫ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝟐𝒖 − 𝟐𝒕 + 𝟐𝒖)𝒅𝒖
𝟒
𝟎

𝟏 𝒕
= ∫𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝟒𝒖 − 𝟐𝒕)𝒅𝒖
𝟒

𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟒𝒖 − 𝟐𝒕) 𝒕
= [𝒖𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕 + ]
𝟒 𝟒 𝟎

𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟒𝒕 − 𝟐𝒕) 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟎 − 𝟐𝒕)

= [𝒕𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕 + − (𝟎 + )]
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
32
EM III_SMITA N
 𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒕
= [𝒕𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕 + − ]
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒

𝟏
= 𝒕𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕
𝟒

𝒔+𝟑
𝟏𝟒) 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟔𝒔 + 𝟏𝟎)𝟐
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

𝒔+𝟑 𝒔+𝟑
𝑳−𝟏 [ ] = 𝑳 −𝟏
[ ]
(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟔𝒔 + 𝟏𝟎)𝟐 (𝒔 + 𝟑)𝟐 + 𝟏)𝟐

𝒔
= 𝒆−𝟑𝒕 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
(𝒔𝟐 +𝟏)𝟐

𝒔
𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒓 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏)𝟐
𝟏 𝒔
𝑳𝒆𝒕 𝑭𝟏 (𝒔) = 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑭 𝟐 (𝒔 ) =
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏 𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏

𝒇𝟏 (𝒕) = 𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟏 (𝒔)]

𝟏
= 𝑳−𝟏 [ 𝟐 ]
𝒔 +𝟏
= 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕
33
EM III_SMITA N
 𝒇𝟐 (𝒕) = 𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟐 (𝒔)]
𝒔
= 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏
= 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕
𝒕

𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟏 (𝒔)𝑭𝟐 (𝒔)] = ∫ 𝒇𝟏 (𝒖)𝒇𝟐 (𝒕 − 𝒖)𝒅𝒖

𝟎
𝒕
𝒔
𝑳−𝟏 [ 𝟐 ] = ∫ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒖 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒕 − 𝒖)𝒅𝒖
(𝒔 + 𝟏)𝟐
𝟎

𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑨𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑩 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝑨 + 𝑩) + 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝑨 − 𝑩)

𝒕
𝟏
= ∫ 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝒖 + 𝒕 − 𝒖) + 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝒖 − (𝒕 − 𝒖))𝒅𝒖
𝟐
𝟎
𝒕
𝟏
= ∫ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝒖 − 𝒕 + 𝒖)𝒅𝒖
𝟐
𝟎
𝟏 𝒕
= ∫𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝟐𝒖 − 𝒕)𝒅𝒖
𝟐

𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟐𝒖 − 𝒕) 𝒕
= [𝒖𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕 − ]
𝟐 𝟐 𝟎

34
EM III_SMITA N
 𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟐𝒕 − 𝒕) 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟎 − 𝒕)
= [𝒕𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕 − − (𝟎 − )]
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐

𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕
= [𝒕𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕 − + ]
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏
= 𝒕𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕
𝟐

−𝟏
𝒔+𝟑 𝒆−𝟑𝒕
𝑳 [ 𝟐 ]= 𝒕𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕
(𝒔 + 𝟑𝒔 + 𝟏𝟎)𝟐 𝟐

−𝟏
𝒔𝟐
𝟏𝟓) 𝑳 [ 𝟐 ]
(𝒔 + 𝒂𝟐 )(𝒔𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 )

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

𝒔 𝒔
𝑳𝒆𝒕 𝑭𝟏 (𝒔) = 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑭 𝟐 (𝒔 ) =
𝒔𝟐 + 𝒂 𝟐 𝒔𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐

𝒇𝟏 (𝒕) = 𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟏 (𝒔)]

𝒔
= 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
𝒔𝟐 + 𝒂 𝟐
= 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒂𝒕

𝒇𝟐 (𝒕) = 𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟐 (𝒔)]

𝒔
= 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
𝒔𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐

35
EM III_SMITA N
 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒃𝒕
𝒕

𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟏 (𝒔)𝑭𝟐 (𝒔)] = ∫ 𝒇𝟏 (𝒖)𝒇𝟐 (𝒕 − 𝒖)𝒅𝒖

𝟎
𝒕
𝟐
𝒔
𝑳−𝟏 [ 𝟐 ] = ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒂𝒖 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒃(𝒕 − 𝒖)𝒅𝒖
(𝒔 + 𝟗)(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒)
𝟎

𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑨𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑩 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝑨 + 𝑩) + 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝑨 − 𝑩)

𝒕
𝟏
= ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒂𝒖 + 𝒃𝒕 − 𝒃𝒖) + 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒂𝒖 − (𝒃𝒕 − 𝒃𝒖))𝒅𝒖
𝟐
𝟎
𝒕
𝟏
= ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔((𝒂 − 𝒃)𝒖 + 𝒃𝒕) + 𝒄𝒐𝒔((𝒂 + 𝒃)𝒖 − 𝒃𝒕)𝒅𝒖
𝟐
𝟎

𝒕
𝟏 𝒔𝒊𝒏((𝒂 − 𝒃)𝒖 + 𝒃𝒕) 𝒔𝒊𝒏((𝒂 + 𝒃)𝒖 − 𝒃𝒕)
= [ + ]
𝟐 𝒂−𝒃 𝒂+𝒃 𝟎

𝟏 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒃𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒃𝒕

= [ + − + ]
𝟐 𝒂−𝒃 𝒂+𝒃 𝒂−𝒃 𝒂+𝒃

36
EM III_SMITA N
 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= [𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕 ( + ) + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒃𝒕 ( − )]
𝟐 𝒂−𝒃 𝒂+𝒃 𝒂+𝒃 𝒂−𝒃

𝟏 𝟐𝒂𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕 − 𝟐𝒃𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒃𝒕
= [ ]
𝟐 𝒂 𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐

−𝟏
𝒔𝟐 𝒂𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕 − 𝒃𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒃𝒕
𝑳 [ 𝟐 ] =
(𝒔 + 𝒂𝟐 )(𝒔𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 ) 𝒂 𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐

−𝟏
𝒔𝟐
𝟏𝟔) 𝑳 [ 𝟐 ]
(𝒔 − 𝒂𝟐 )𝟐

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

𝒔 𝒔
𝑳𝒆𝒕 𝑭𝟏 (𝒔) = 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑭 𝟐 (𝒔 ) =
𝒔𝟐 − 𝒂 𝟐 𝒔𝟐 − 𝒂 𝟐

𝒇𝟏 (𝒕) = 𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟏 (𝒔)]

𝒔
= 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
𝒔𝟐 − 𝒂 𝟐
= 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉𝒂𝒕

𝒇𝟐 (𝒕) = 𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟐 (𝒔)]

37
EM III_SMITA N
 𝒔
= 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
𝒔𝟐 − 𝒂 𝟐
= 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉𝒂𝒕
𝒕

𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟏 (𝒔)𝑭𝟐 (𝒔)] = ∫ 𝒇𝟏 (𝒖)𝒇𝟐 (𝒕 − 𝒖)𝒅𝒖

𝟎
𝒕
−𝟏
𝒔𝟐
𝑳 [ 𝟐 ] = ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉𝒂𝒖 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉𝒂(𝒕 − 𝒖)𝒅𝒖
(𝒔 + 𝟒)𝟐
𝟎

𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑨𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑩 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝑨 + 𝑩) + 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝑨 − 𝑩)

𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉𝑨𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉𝑩 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉(𝑨 + 𝑩) + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉(𝑨 − 𝑩)

𝒕
𝟏
= ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉(𝒂𝒖 + 𝒂𝒕 − 𝒂𝒖) + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉(𝒂𝒖 − (𝒂𝒕 − 𝒂𝒖))𝒅𝒖
𝟐
𝟎
𝒕
𝟏
= ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉𝒂𝒕 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉(𝒂𝒖 − 𝒂𝒕 + 𝒂𝒖)𝒅𝒖
𝟐
𝟎

𝟏 𝒕
= ∫𝟎 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉𝒂𝒕 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉(𝟐𝒂𝒖 − 𝒂𝒕)𝒅𝒖
𝟐

𝟏 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉(𝟐𝒂𝒖 − 𝒂𝒕) 𝒕
= [𝒖𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉𝒂𝒕 + ]
𝟐 𝟐𝒂 𝟎

38
EM III_SMITA N
 𝟏 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉(𝟐𝒂𝒕 − 𝒂𝒕) 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉(𝟎 − 𝒂𝒕)
= [𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉𝒂𝒕 + − (𝟎 + )]
𝟐 𝟐𝒂 𝟐𝒂
𝒆𝒂𝒕 − 𝒆−𝒂𝒕
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉𝒂𝒕 =
𝟐

𝒆−𝒂𝒕 − 𝒆𝒂𝒕
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉(−𝒂𝒕) =
𝟐
= −𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉𝒂𝒕

𝟏 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉𝒂𝒕
= [𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉𝒂𝒕 + + ]
𝟐 𝟐𝒂 𝟐𝒂

𝟏 𝟏
= [𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉𝒂𝒕 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉𝒂𝒕]
𝟐 𝒂

𝟏
= [𝒂𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉𝒂𝒕 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉𝒂𝒕]
𝟐𝒂

𝟏
𝟏𝟕) 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
(𝒔 − 𝟑)(𝒔 + 𝟒)𝟐

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

39
EM III_SMITA N
 𝟏 𝟏
𝑳𝒆𝒕 𝑭𝟏 (𝒔) = 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑭𝟐 (𝒔) =
𝒔−𝟑 (𝒔 + 𝟒)𝟐

𝒇𝟏 (𝒕) = 𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟏 (𝒔)]

𝟏
= 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
𝒔−𝟑
= 𝒆𝟑𝒕

𝒇𝟐 (𝒕) = 𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟐 (𝒔)]

𝟏
= 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
(𝒔 + 𝟒)𝟐

𝟏
= 𝒆−𝟒𝒕 𝑳−𝟏 [ 𝟐 ]
𝒔

= 𝒕𝒆−𝟒𝒕
𝒕

𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟏 (𝒔)𝑭𝟐 (𝒔)] = ∫ 𝒇𝟏 (𝒖)𝒇𝟐 (𝒕 − 𝒖)𝒅𝒖

𝟎
𝒕
𝟏
𝑳−𝟏 [ 𝟐
] = ∫ 𝒆𝟑𝒖 (𝒕 − 𝒖)𝒆−𝟒(𝒕−𝒖) 𝒅𝒖
(𝒔 − 𝟐)(𝒔 + 𝟐)
𝟎

40
EM III_SMITA N
 𝒕

= ∫(𝒕 − 𝒖)𝒆𝟑𝒖 𝒆−𝟒(𝒕−𝒖) 𝒅𝒖

𝟎
𝒕

= ∫(𝒕 − 𝒖)𝒆𝟕𝒖−𝟒𝒕 𝒅𝒖
𝟎

= ∫(𝒕 − 𝒖)𝒆𝟕𝒖 𝒆−𝟒𝒕 𝒅𝒖

𝟎
𝒕

= 𝒆−𝟒𝒕 ∫(𝒕 − 𝒖)𝒆𝟕𝒖 𝒅𝒖

𝟎

= 𝒆−𝟒𝒕 [(𝒕 − 𝒖) ∫ 𝒆𝟕𝒖 𝒅𝒖 − ∫(∫ 𝒆𝟕𝒖 𝒅𝒖)(−𝒅𝒖)]𝒕𝟎

𝒕
−𝟒𝒕 (
𝒆𝟕𝒖 𝒆𝟕𝒖
= 𝒆 [ 𝒕 − 𝒖) +∫ 𝒅𝒖]
𝟕 𝟕 𝟎

𝒕
−𝟒𝒕 (
𝒆𝟕𝒖 𝒆𝟕𝒖
= 𝒆 [ 𝒕 − 𝒖) + ]
𝟕 𝟒𝟗 𝟎

−𝟒𝒕
𝒆𝟕𝒕 𝟏 𝟏
=𝒆 [𝟎 + − (𝒕 − 𝟎) − ]
𝟒𝟗 𝟕 𝟒𝟗
41
EM III_SMITA N
 −𝟒𝒕
𝒆𝟕𝒕 𝒕 𝟏
=𝒆 [ − − ]
𝟒𝟗 𝟕 𝟒𝟗

𝒆−𝟒𝒕 𝟕𝒕
= [𝒆 − 𝟕𝒕 − 𝟏]
𝟒𝟗
𝒔
18) 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
𝒔𝟒 −𝟏

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝒔 𝒔 𝟏
= ×
𝒔𝟒 − 𝟏 𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏 𝒔𝟐 − 𝟏

𝒔 𝟏
𝑳𝒆𝒕 𝑭𝟐 (𝒔) = 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑭 𝟏 (𝒔 ) =
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏 𝒔𝟐 − 𝟏

𝒇𝟐 (𝒕) = 𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟏 (𝒔)]

𝒔
= 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏
= 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕

𝒇𝟏 (𝒕) = 𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟐 (𝒔)]

𝟏
= 𝑳−𝟏 [ 𝟐 ]
𝒔 −𝟏

= 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉𝒕

42
EM III_SMITA N
 𝒕

𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭𝟏 (𝒔)𝑭𝟐 (𝒔)] = ∫ 𝒇𝟏 (𝒖)𝒇𝟐 (𝒕 − 𝒖)𝒅𝒖

𝟎
𝒕
𝟏
𝑳−𝟏 [ ] = ∫ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉𝒖 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒕 − 𝒖)𝒅𝒖
(𝒔 − 𝟐)(𝒔 + 𝟐)𝟐
𝟎
𝒕
(𝒆𝒖 − 𝒆−𝒖 )
=∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒕 − 𝒖)𝒅𝒖
𝟐
𝟎
𝒕
𝟏
= ∫ 𝒆𝒖 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒕 − 𝒖) − 𝒆−𝒖 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒕 − 𝒖) 𝒅𝒖
𝟐
𝟎

𝒂𝒙
𝒆𝒂𝒙
∫ 𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒃𝒙𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐 (𝒂𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒃𝒙 + 𝒃𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒃𝒙)
𝒂 + 𝒃𝟐

𝟏 𝒆𝒖 𝒆−𝒖 𝒕
= [ (𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒕 − 𝒖) − 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝒕 − 𝒖) − (−𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒕 − 𝒖) − 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝒕 − 𝒖))]
𝟐 𝟏+𝟏 𝟏+𝟏 𝟎

𝟏 𝒆𝒕 𝒆−𝒕 𝟏 𝟏
= [ (𝟏 − 𝟎) − (−𝟏 − 𝟎) − (𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕) + (−𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕)]
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐

𝟏 𝒕
= [𝒆 + 𝒆−𝒕 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕]
𝟒

43
EM III_SMITA N
 𝟏 𝒕
= [𝒆 + 𝒆−𝒕 − 𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕]
𝟒

𝒔+𝟑
𝟏𝟖) 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟔𝒔 + 𝟏𝟑)𝟐
𝒆−𝟑𝒕
𝑨𝒏𝒔 ∶ 𝒕𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕
𝟒
𝒔+𝟐
𝟏𝟗) 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒𝒔 + 𝟓)𝟐
𝒆−𝟐𝒕
𝑨𝒏𝒔 ∶ 𝒕𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕
𝟐

−𝟏
(𝒔 + 𝟐)𝟐
𝟐𝟎) 𝑳 [ 𝟐 ]
(𝒔 + 𝟒𝒔 + 𝟖)𝟐

𝒆−𝟐𝒕
𝑨𝒏𝒔: [𝟐𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒕 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕]
𝟒

−𝟏
(𝒔 + 𝟑)𝟐
𝟐𝟏) 𝑳 [ 𝟐 ]
(𝒔 + 𝟔𝒔 + 𝟓)𝟐

𝒆−𝟑𝒕
𝑨𝒏𝒔: [𝟐𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉𝟐𝒕 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉𝟐𝒕]
𝟒

−𝟏
(𝒔 + 𝟑)𝟐
𝟐𝟐) 𝑳 [ 𝟐 ]
(𝒔 + 𝟔𝒔 + 𝟏𝟖)𝟐

𝒆−𝟑𝒕
𝑨𝒏𝒔: [𝟑𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑𝒕 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝒕]
𝟔

44
EM III_SMITA N
 −𝟏
(𝒔 + 𝟓)𝟐
𝟐𝟑) 𝑳 [ 𝟐 ]
(𝒔 + 𝟏𝟎𝒔 + 𝟏𝟔)𝟐

𝒆−𝟓𝒕
𝑨𝒏𝒔: [𝟑𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉𝟑𝒕 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉𝟑𝒕]
𝟔
𝟏
𝟐𝟒) 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
(𝒔 + 𝟑)(𝒔 − 𝟐)𝟒

𝒆−𝟑𝒕 𝟐𝒕
𝟏 𝟏 𝒕𝟐 𝒕𝟑
𝑨𝒏𝒔: −𝒆 [ − + − ]
𝟔𝟐𝟓 𝟔𝟐𝟓 𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝟓𝟎 𝟑𝟎

45
EM III_SMITA N
INVERSE LAPLACE TRANSFORM OF LOG AND INVERSE FUNCTION
If 𝑳[𝒇(𝒕)] = [𝑭(𝒔)]

𝒅𝒏
𝑳[ 𝒕𝒏 𝒇(𝒕)] = (−𝟏)𝒏 [𝑭(𝒔)]
𝒅𝒔𝒏

𝒅
𝑳[ 𝒕𝒇(𝒕)] = − [𝑭(𝒔)]
𝒅𝒔

𝑳[ 𝒕𝒇(𝒕)] = −𝑭′ (𝒔)

𝒕𝒇(𝒕) = −𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭′ (𝒔)]

𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭′ (𝒔)] = −𝒕𝒇(𝒕)

𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭′ (𝒔)] = −𝒕𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭(𝒔)]

𝟏
𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭(𝒔)] = − 𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭′ (𝒔)]
𝒕

EXAMPLE

−𝟏 𝒔𝟐 −𝟒
1) 𝑳 [𝒍𝒐𝒈 [ ]]
(𝒔−𝟑)𝟐

Solution
𝑚
𝑙𝑜𝑔 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑚 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑛
𝑛

1
EM III_SMITA N
 𝑠2 − 4
𝑙𝑜𝑔 [ 2
] = log(𝑠 2 − 4) − 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑠 − 3)2
(𝑠 − 3)

𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑚𝑛 = 𝑛𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑚

𝑠2 − 4
𝑙𝑜𝑔 [ 2
] = log(𝑠 2 − 4) − 2log (𝑠 − 3)
(𝑠 − 3)

1
𝐿−1 [𝐹 (𝑠)] = − 𝐿−1 [𝐹 ′ (𝑠)]
𝑡

𝐹 (𝑠) = log(𝑠 2 − 4) − 2log (𝑠 − 3)

1 2𝑠 2
𝐿−1 [log(𝑠 2 − 4) − 2log (𝑠 − 3)] = − 𝐿−1 [ 2 − ]
𝑡 𝑠 −4 𝑠−3

1 2𝑠 2
= − [𝐿−1 [ 2 ] − 𝐿−1 [ ]]
𝑡 𝑠 −4 𝑠−3

1
= − [2𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑡 − 2𝑒 3𝑡 ]
𝑡

2 3𝑡
= [𝑒 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑡]
𝑡
𝟒
2) 𝑳−𝟏 [𝒍𝒐𝒈 [𝟏 + 𝟐]]
𝒔

Solution
4 𝑠2 + 4
𝑙𝑜𝑔 [1 + 2 ] = 𝑙𝑜𝑔
𝑠 𝑠2
2
EM III_SMITA N
 = log[𝑠 2 + 4] − 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑠 2

= log[𝑠 2 + 4] − 2𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑠

𝐹(𝑠) = log[𝑠 2 + 4] − 2𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑠

𝟏
𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭(𝒔)] = − 𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭′ (𝒔)]
𝒕

1 2𝑠 2
𝐿−1 [log(𝑠 2 + 4) − 2𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑠] = − 𝐿−1 [ 2 − ]
𝑡 𝑠 +4 𝑠

1 2𝑠 2
= − [𝐿−1 [ 2 ] − 𝐿−1 [ ]]
𝑡 𝑠 +4 𝑠

1
= − [2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 − 2]
𝑡

2
= [1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡]
𝑡

𝟏 𝒔𝟐 +𝟏
3) 𝑳−𝟏 [ 𝒍𝒐𝒈 [ ]]
𝟐 𝒔𝟐 +𝟒

Solution
1 𝑠2 + 1 1
𝑙𝑜𝑔 [ 2 ] = [log(𝑠 2 + 1) − log (𝑠 2 + 4)]
2 𝑠 +4 2

3
EM III_SMITA N
 1
𝐹 (𝑠) = [log(𝑠 2 + 1) − log(𝑠 2 + 4)]
2

𝟏
𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭(𝒔)] = − 𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭′ (𝒔)]
𝒕
1 −1 1 2𝑠 2𝑠
𝐿 [log(𝑠 2 + 1) − log (𝑠 2 + 4)] = − 𝐿−1 [ 2 − 2 ]
2 2𝑡 𝑠 +1 𝑠 +4

1 −1 2𝑠 2𝑠
=− [𝐿 [ 2 ] − 𝐿−1 [ 2 ]]
2𝑡 𝑠 +1 𝑠 +4

1
=− [2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡]
2𝑡

1
= [𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡]
𝑡
𝒔+𝟏
4) 𝑳−𝟏 [𝒔𝒍𝒐𝒈 ( )]
𝒔−𝟏

Solution

𝑠+1
𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( ) = 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑠 + 1) − 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑠 − 1)
𝑠−1

𝐹(𝑠) = 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑠 + 1) − 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑠 − 1)

𝟏
𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭(𝒔)] = − 𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭′ (𝒔)]
𝒕

𝐿−1 [𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑠 + 1) − 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑠 − 1)]

1 1 1
= − 𝐿−1 [𝑠 + log(𝑠 + 1) − 𝑠 − log (𝑠 − 1)]
𝑡 𝑠+1 𝑠−1

4
EM III_SMITA N
 1 𝑠 𝑠
= − 𝐿−1 [ − + log(𝑠 + 1) − log (𝑠 − 1)]
𝑡 𝑠+1 𝑠−1

1 𝑠(𝑠 − 1) − 𝑠(𝑠 + 1)
= − 𝐿−1 [ + log(𝑠 + 1) − log (𝑠 − 1)]
𝑡 𝑠2 − 1

1 −1 𝑠 2 − 𝑠 − 𝑠 2 − 𝑠
=− 𝐿 [ + log(𝑠 + 1) − log (𝑠 − 1)]
𝑡 𝑠2 − 1

1 −2𝑠
= − 𝐿−1 [ 2 + log(𝑠 + 1) − log (𝑠 − 1)]
𝑡 𝑠 −1

1 −2𝑠
= − [𝐿−1 [ 2 ] + 𝐿−1 [log(𝑠 + 1) − log (𝑠 − 1)]
𝑡 𝑠 −1

1
= − [−2𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑡 + 𝐿−1 [log(𝑠 + 1) − log (𝑠 − 1)]
𝑡

Consider
𝐿−1 [log(𝑠 + 1) − log(𝑠 − 1)]

𝟏
𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭(𝒔)] = − 𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭′ (𝒔)]
𝒕

1 1 1
𝐿−1 [log(𝑠 + 1) − log (𝑠 − 1)] = − 𝐿−1 [ − ]
𝑡 𝑠+1 𝑠−1

1
= − [𝑒 −𝑡 − 𝑒 𝑡 ]
𝑡

1 𝑡
= [𝑒 − 𝑒 −𝑡 ]
𝑡

5
EM III_SMITA N
 1
= (2𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑡)
𝑡

𝐿−1 [𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑠 + 1) − 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑠 − 1)]

1 1
= − [−2𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑡 + (2𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑡)]
𝑡 𝑡

2𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑡 2𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑡
= −
𝑡 𝑡2

𝒔𝟐 +𝟏
5) 𝑳−𝟏 [𝒍𝒐𝒈 ( )]
𝒔(𝒔+𝟏

Solution

𝑠2 + 1
𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( ) = log(𝑠 2 + 1) − log (𝑠(𝑠 + 1))
𝑠(𝑠 + 1

= log(𝑠 2 + 1) − [log𝑠 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑠 + 1)]

𝐹(𝑠) = log(𝑠 2 + 1) − log𝑠 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑠 + 1)

𝟏
𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭(𝒔)] = − 𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭′ (𝒔)]
𝒕

𝐿−1 [log(𝑠 2 + 1) − log𝑠 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑠 + 1)]

1 2𝑠 1 1
= − 𝐿−1 [ 2 − − ]
𝑡 𝑠 +1 𝑠 𝑠+1

1 2𝑠 1 1
= − [𝐿−1 [ 2 ] − 𝐿−1 [ ] − 𝐿−1 [ ]]
𝑡 𝑠 +1 𝑠 𝑠+1

6
EM III_SMITA N
 1
= − [2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 − 1 − 𝑒 −𝑡 ]
𝑡

1
= [1 + 𝑒 −𝑡 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡]
𝑡

6) 𝑳−𝟏 [𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 (𝒔 + 𝟏)]

Solution

𝟏
𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭(𝒔)] = − 𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭′ (𝒔)]
𝒕

F(s) = tan−1 (𝑠 + 1)

1 1
𝐿−1 [tan−1 (𝑠 + 1)] = − 𝐿−1 [ ]
𝑡 1 + (𝑠 + 1)2

1 1
= − 𝑒 −𝑡 𝐿−1 [ ]
𝑡 1 + 𝑠2

1
= − 𝑒 −𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
𝑡
𝟏
7) 𝑳−𝟏 [𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 ]
𝒔

Solution

𝟏
𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭(𝒔)] = − 𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭′ (𝒔)]
𝒕

1
F(s) = tan−1
𝑠
7
EM III_SMITA N
 1 1 1 −1
𝐿−1 [tan−1 ] = − 𝐿−1 [ ( )]
𝑠 𝑡 1 2 𝑠2
1+( )
𝑠

1 −1
= − 𝐿−1 [ 2 ]
𝑡 𝑠 +1

1
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
𝑡

𝟐
8) 𝑳−𝟏 [𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 𝟐 ]
𝒔

Solution

𝟏
𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭(𝒔)] = − 𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭′ (𝒔)]
𝒕

2
F(s) = tan−1
𝑠2

2 1 −1 1 −4
𝐿−1 [tan−1 ] = − 𝐿 [ ( )]
𝑠2 𝑡 2 2 𝑠3
1 + ( 2)
𝑠

1 −1 𝑠 4 −4
=− 𝐿 [ 4 ( 3 )]
𝑡 𝑠 +4 𝑠

1 −4𝑠
= − 𝐿−1 [ 4 ]
𝑡 𝑠 +4

8
EM III_SMITA N
 1 −4𝑠
= − 𝐿−1 [ 4 ]
𝑡 𝑠 +4

𝑠 4 + 4 = (𝑠 2 + 2)2 − 4𝑠 2

= (𝑠 2 + 2)2 − (2𝑠)2

𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏)

𝑠 4 + 4 = (𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 + 2)(𝑠 2 − 2𝑠 + 2)

2 1 −1 −4𝑠
𝐿−1 [tan−1 ] = − 𝐿 [ ]
𝑠2 𝑡 (𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 + 2)(𝑠 2 − 2𝑠 + 2)

1 1 1
= − 𝐿−1 [ 2 − 2 ]
𝑡 (𝑠 + 2𝑠 + 2) (𝑠 − 2𝑠 + 2)

1 1 1
= − 𝐿−1 [ − ]
𝑡 (𝑠 + 1)2 + 1) (𝑠 − 1)2 + 1)

1 1 1
= − [𝐿−1 ( ) − 𝐿−1
( )]
𝑡 (𝑠 + 1)2 + 1) (𝑠 − 1)2 + 1)

1 −𝑡 −1 1 𝑡 −1
1
= − [𝑒 𝐿 ( 2 )−𝑒 𝐿 ( 2 )]
𝑡 𝑠 +1 𝑠 + 1)

1
= − [𝑒 −𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 − 𝑒 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡]
𝑡

1
= [(𝑒 𝑡 − 𝑒 −𝑡 )𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡]
𝑡

9
EM III_SMITA N
 1
= [2𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡]
𝑡

2𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
=
𝑡

𝟐
9) 𝑳−𝟏 [𝐜𝐨𝐭 −𝟏 𝟐]
𝒔

Solution

𝟏
𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭(𝒔)] = − 𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭′ (𝒔)]
𝒕

2
F(s) = cot −1
𝑠2

2 1 −1 −1 −4
𝐿−1 [cot −1 ] = − 𝐿 [ ( )]
𝑠2 𝑡 2 2 𝑠3
1 + ( 2)
𝑠

1 −1 𝑠 4 −4
= 𝐿 [ 4 ( 3 )]
𝑡 𝑠 +4 𝑠

1 −4𝑠
= 𝐿−1 [ 4 ]
𝑡 𝑠 +4

1 −4𝑠
= 𝐿−1 [ 4 ]
𝑡 𝑠 +4

10
EM III_SMITA N
 𝑠 4 + 4 = (𝑠 2 + 2)2 − 4𝑠 2

= (𝑠 2 + 2)2 − (2𝑠)2

𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏)

𝑠 4 + 4 = (𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 + 2)(𝑠 2 − 2𝑠 + 2)

2 1 −1 −4𝑠
𝐿−1 [cot −1 ] = 𝐿 [ ]
𝑠2 𝑡 (𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 + 2)(𝑠 2 − 2𝑠 + 2)

1 −1 1 1
= 𝐿 [ 2 − 2 ]
𝑡 (𝑠 + 2𝑠 + 2) (𝑠 − 2𝑠 + 2)

1 −1 1 1
= 𝐿 [ − ]
𝑡 (𝑠 + 1)2 + 1) (𝑠 − 1)2 + 1)

1 1 1
= [𝐿−1 ( ) − 𝐿−1
( )]
𝑡 (𝑠 + 1)2 + 1) (𝑠 − 1)2 + 1)

1 −𝑡 −1 1 1
= [𝑒 𝐿 ( 2 ) − 𝑒 𝑡 𝐿−1 ( 2 )]
𝑡 𝑠 +1 𝑠 + 1)

1 −𝑡
= [𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 − 𝑒 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡]
𝑡

1
= − [(𝑒 𝑡 − 𝑒 −𝑡 )𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡]
𝑡

1
= − [2𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡]
𝑡

−2𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
=
𝑡
11
EM III_SMITA N
 10) 𝑳−𝟏 [𝟐𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐡−𝟏 𝒔]

Solution

1 1+𝑠
tanh−1 𝑠 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( )
2 1−𝑠

1+𝑠
2 tanh−1 𝑠 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( )
1−𝑠

= log(1 + 𝑠) − log (1 − 𝑠)

𝟏
𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭(𝒔)] = − 𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭′ (𝒔)]
𝒕

1 1 −1
𝐿−1 [log(1 + 𝑠) − log (1 − 𝑠)] = − 𝐿−1 [ − ]
𝑡 1+𝑠 1−𝑠

1 1 1
= − 𝐿−1 [ − ]
𝑡 𝑠+1 𝑠−1

1 1 1
= − [𝐿−1 ( ) − 𝐿−1 ( )]
𝑡 𝑠+1 𝑠−1

1
= − [𝑒 −𝑡 − 𝑒 𝑡 ]
𝑡

1 𝑡
= [𝑒 − 𝑒 −𝑡 ]
𝑡

12
EM III_SMITA N
 1
= [2𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑡]
𝑡

2
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑡
𝑡

𝒔𝟐 +𝒂𝟐
11) 𝑳−𝟏 [𝒍𝒐𝒈 ]
√𝒔+𝒃

Solution

𝑠 2 + 𝑎2
𝑙𝑜𝑔 = log(𝑠 2 + 𝑎2 ) − log (√𝑠 + 𝑏)
√𝑠 + 𝑏

1
= log(𝑠 2 + 𝑎2 ) − log (𝑠 + 𝑏)
2

𝟏
𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭(𝒔)] = − 𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭′ (𝒔)]
𝒕

1 1 2𝑠 1 1
𝐿−1 [log(𝑠 2 + 𝑎2 ) − log (𝑠 + 𝑏)] = − 𝐿−1 [ 2 − ]
2 𝑡 𝑠 + 𝑎2 2 𝑠 + 𝑏

1 2𝑠 1 −1 1
= − [𝐿−1 ( 2 ) − 𝐿 ( )]
𝑡 𝑠 + 𝑎2 2 𝑠+𝑏

1 1
= − [2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡 − 𝑒 −𝑏𝑡 ]
𝑡 2

1 1 −𝑏𝑡
= [ 𝑒 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡]
𝑡 2

13
EM III_SMITA N
 −𝟏 𝒔𝟐 +𝒂𝟐
12) 𝑳 [𝒍𝒐𝒈 [ ]]
𝒔𝟐 +𝒃𝟐

Solution

𝑠 2 + 𝑎2
𝑙𝑜𝑔 [ 2 2
] = [log(𝑠 2 + 𝑎2 ) − log (𝑠 2 + 𝑏 2 )]
𝑠 +𝑏

𝐹 (𝑠) = [log(𝑠 2 + 𝑎2 ) − log(𝑠 2 + 𝑏 2 )]

𝟏
𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭(𝒔)] = − 𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭′ (𝒔)]
𝒕
1 −1
𝐿 [log(𝑠 2 + 𝑎2 ) − log (𝑠 2 + 𝑏 2 )]
2
1 2𝑠 2𝑠
= − 𝐿−1 [ 2 − ]
𝑡 𝑠 + 𝑎2 𝑠 2 + 𝑏 2

1 2𝑠 2𝑠
= − [𝐿−1 [ 2 ] − 𝐿−1
[ ]]
𝑡 𝑠 + 𝑎2 𝑠 2 + 𝑏2

1
= − [2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏𝑡]
𝑡

2
= [𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏𝑡 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡]
𝑡

14
EM III_SMITA N
 𝒔+𝒂
13) 𝑳−𝟏 [𝒍𝒐𝒈 ]
𝒔+𝒃

1
𝐴𝑛𝑠: [𝑒 −𝑏𝑡 − 𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 ]
𝑡

4
14) 𝐿−1 [𝑙𝑜𝑔 [1 + 2 ]]
𝑠

2
𝐴𝑛𝑠: = [1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡]
𝑡
1
15) 𝐿−1 [𝑙𝑜𝑔 [1 − 2 ]]
𝑠

2
𝐴𝑛𝑠: = [1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑡]
𝑡
1 𝑠−1
16) 𝐿−1 [ 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( )]
2 𝑠+1
−1
𝐴𝑛𝑠: = 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑡
𝑡
1
17) 𝐿−1 [𝑙𝑜𝑔 [1 + 2 ]]
𝑠

2
𝐴𝑛𝑠: = [1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡]
𝑡
1 𝑎2
18) 𝐿−1 [ 𝑙𝑜𝑔 [1 − ]]
2 𝑠2

1
𝐴𝑛𝑠: = [1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑡]
𝑡
𝑠2 +𝑎2
19) 𝐿−1 [𝑙𝑜𝑔√ ]
𝑠2
1
𝐴𝑛𝑠: = [1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡]
𝑡

15
EM III_SMITA N
 𝑠2 +1
20) 𝐿−1 [𝑙𝑜𝑔√ ]
𝑠2
1
𝐴𝑛𝑠: = [1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡]
𝑡
𝑠
21) 𝐿−1 [tan−1 ]
2
−1
𝐴𝑛𝑠: = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡]
𝑡
𝑠+𝑎
22) 𝐿−1 [tan−1 ]
𝑏
−1 −𝑎𝑡
𝐴𝑛𝑠: = 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑡]
𝑡
23) 𝐿−1 [cot −1 (𝑎𝑠)]
1 𝑡
𝐴𝑛𝑠: 𝑠𝑖𝑛
𝑡 𝑎

16
EM III_SMITA N
INVERSE LAPLACE TRANSFORM USING SECOND SHIFTING THEOREM

If L [𝒇(𝒕)] = 𝑭(𝒔)
𝒇(𝒕 − 𝒂) 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒕 > 𝒂
and if g(t) =
𝟎 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒕 < 𝒂
then L[g(t)] = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝑭(𝒔)

𝒇(𝒕 − 𝒂) 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒕 > 𝒂

𝑳−𝟏 [ 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝑭(𝒔)] = 𝒈(𝒕) =
𝟎 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒕 < 𝒂
Where 𝒇(𝒕) = 𝑳−𝟏 [𝑭(𝒔)]

𝟖𝒆−𝟑𝒔
1) Find 𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
𝒔𝟐 +𝟒

Solution
𝑓 (𝑡 − 𝑎) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 > 𝑎
𝐿−1 [ 𝑒 −𝑎𝑠 𝐹(𝑠)] =
0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 < 𝑎

8
𝑎=3 𝐹 (𝑠) =
𝑠2 + 4

𝑓(𝑡) = 𝐿−1 [𝐹(𝑠)]

8
𝑓 (𝑡) = 𝐿−1 [ 2 ]
𝑠 +4

= 4𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡

−1
8𝑒 −3𝑠 4𝑠𝑖𝑛2(𝑡 − 3) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 > 3
𝐿 [ 2 ]=
𝑠 +4 0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 < 3

1
EM III_SMITA N
 −𝟏 𝒆−𝟓𝒔
2) Find 𝑳 [(𝒔−𝟐)𝟒 ]

Solution

𝑓 (𝑡 − 𝑎) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 > 𝑎
𝐿−1 [ 𝑒 −𝑎𝑠 𝐹(𝑠)] =
0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 < 𝑎

𝑎=5
1
𝐹 (𝑠) =
(𝑠 − 2)4

𝑓(𝑡) = 𝐿−1 [𝐹(𝑠)]

1
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝐿−1 [ ]
(𝑠 − 2)4

1
= 𝑒 2𝑡 𝐿−1 [ 4 ]
𝑠

2𝑡
𝑡3
=𝑒 [ ]
𝛤(4)

2𝑡
𝑡3
=𝑒
3!

2𝑡
𝑡3
=𝑒
6

3
𝑒 −5𝑠 2(𝑡−5)
(𝑡 − 5)
−1
𝐿 [ ]= 𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 > 5
(𝑠 − 2) 4 6
0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 < 5

2
EM III_SMITA N
 −𝒔
−𝟏 (𝒔+𝟏)𝒆
3) Find 𝑳 [ 𝟐 ]
𝒔 +𝒔+𝟏

Solution

𝑓 (𝑡 − 𝑎) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 > 𝑎
𝐿−1 [ 𝑒 −𝑎𝑠 𝐹(𝑠)] =
0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 < 𝑎

𝑎=1

𝑠+1
𝐹 (𝑠) =
𝑠2 + 𝑠 + 1

𝑓(𝑡) = 𝐿−1 [𝐹(𝑠)]

1 1
𝑠+
− +1
−1
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝐿 [ 2 2 ]
2
1 3
(𝑠 + 2) + 4

1 1
(𝑠 + 2) + 2
= 𝐿−1 [ 2 ]
1 3
(𝑠 + 2) + 4

1 1
(𝑠 + 2)
= 𝐿−1 [ + 2 ]
2
1 3 1 2 3
(𝑠 + 2) + 4 (𝑠 + 2) + 4

1 1
(𝑠 + 2)
= 𝐿−1 [ ] + 𝐿−1 [ 2 ]
2
1 3 1 2 3
(𝑠 + 2) + 4 (𝑠 + 2) + 4

3
EM III_SMITA N
 √3
𝑡 𝑠 1 𝑡
2
= 𝑒 −2 𝐿−1 2 + 𝑒 −2 𝐿−1 2
√3 √3 √3
𝑠2 + ( ) 𝑠2 + ( )
[ 2 ] [ 2 ]

𝑡
−2 √3 1 −𝑡 √3
=𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡+ 𝑒 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑡
2 √3 2

−1
(𝑠 + 1)𝑒 −𝑠
𝐿 [ 2 ]
𝑠 +𝑠+1

−
(𝑡−1) √3 1 −
(𝑡−1) √3
= 𝑒 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑡 − 1) + 𝑒 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑡 − 1) 𝑡>1
2 √3 2
=0 𝑡<1

−𝟏 𝒆−𝟐𝒔
4) 𝑳 [ ]
𝒔𝟐 +𝟖𝒔+𝟐𝟓

Solution
𝑓 (𝑡 − 𝑎) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 > 𝑎
𝐿−1 [ 𝑒 −𝑎𝑠 𝐹(𝑠)] =
0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 < 𝑎

𝑎=2

1
𝐹 (𝑠) =
𝑠 2 + 8𝑠 + 25

𝑓(𝑡) = 𝐿−1 [𝐹(𝑠)]

4
EM III_SMITA N
 1
𝑓 (𝑡) = 𝐿−1 [ ]
(𝑠 + 4)2 + 9

1
= 𝑒 −4𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡
3

𝑒 −2𝑠 1 −4(𝑡−2)
𝐿−1
[ 2 ] = 3𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛3(𝑡 − 2) 𝑡>2
𝑠 + 8𝑠 + 25
0 𝑡<2

−𝟏 𝒔𝒆−𝟐𝒔
5) 𝑳 [ ]
𝒔𝟐 +𝟐𝒔+𝟐

Solution

𝑓(𝑡 − 𝑎) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 > 𝑎

𝐿−1 [ 𝑒 −𝑎𝑠 𝐹(𝑠)] =
0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 < 𝑎
𝑎=2
𝑠
𝐹 (𝑠) = 2
𝑠 + 2𝑠 + 2

𝑓 (𝑡) = 𝐿−1 [𝐹(𝑠)]

𝑠
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝐿−1 [ ]
𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 + 2

5
EM III_SMITA N
 𝑠+1−1
= 𝐿−1 [ ]
(𝑠 + 1)2 + 1

(𝑠 + 1) 1
= 𝐿−1 [ − ]
(𝑠 + 1)2 + 1 (𝑠 + 1)2 + 1

𝑠 1
= 𝑒 −𝑡 𝐿−1 [ 2 − 2 ]
𝑠 +1 𝑠 +1

= 𝑒 −𝑡 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡)

−1
𝑠𝑒 −2𝑠
𝐿 [ 2 ]
𝑠 + 2𝑠 + 2
−(𝑡−2)
= 𝑒 (𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑡 − 2) − 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑡 − 2)) 𝑡>2
0 𝑡<2

−𝟏
𝒆−𝒂𝒔
𝟔) 𝑳 [ 𝟓
]
(𝒔 + 𝒃)𝟐

Solution
𝑓 (𝑡 − 𝑎) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 > 𝑎
𝐿−1 [ 𝑒 −𝑎𝑠 𝐹(𝑠)] =
0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 < 𝑎

1
𝐹 (𝑠) = 5
(𝑠 + 𝑏)2

𝑓(𝑡) = 𝐿−1 [𝐹(𝑠)]

6
EM III_SMITA N
 1
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝐿−1 [ 5]
(𝑠 + 𝑏)2

1
= 𝑒 −𝑏𝑡 𝐿−1 [ 5 ]
𝑠2

3
𝑡2
= 𝑒 −𝑏𝑡 [ ]
5
𝛤( )
2

3
𝑡2
= 𝑒 −𝑏𝑡
5
𝛤( )
2

3
𝑡2
= 𝑒 −𝑏𝑡
31 1
𝛤( )
22 2

3
4 −𝑏𝑡 𝑡2
= 𝑒
3 √𝜋

4 3
= 𝑒 −𝑏𝑡 𝑡 2
3√𝜋

−1
𝑒 −𝑎𝑠 4 −𝑏(𝑡−𝑎)
3
𝐿 [ 5] = 𝑒 (𝑡 − 𝑎)2 𝑡>𝑎
(𝑠 + 𝑏)2 3 √𝜋

=0 𝑡<𝑎

7
EM III_SMITA N
 −𝟏
𝒆−𝟒𝒔
7) 𝑳 [ ]
√𝟐𝒔 + 𝟕

Solution
𝑓 (𝑡 − 𝑎) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 > 𝑎
𝐿−1 [ 𝑒 −𝑎𝑠 𝐹(𝑠)] =
0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 < 𝑎

𝑎=4
1
𝐹 (𝑠) =
√2𝑠 + 7

𝑓(𝑡) = 𝐿−1 [𝐹(𝑠)]

1
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝐿−1 [ ]
√2𝑠 + 7

1
= 𝐿−1
√2 √𝑠 + 7
[ 2]

1 7 1
= 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝐿−1 [ 1 ]
√2 𝑠2

−1
1 7
− 𝑡 𝑡2
= 𝑒 2 [ ]
√2 1
𝛤( )
2

8
EM III_SMITA N
 −1
1 7
−2 𝑡 𝑡2
= 𝑒
√2 √𝜋

1 7 1
= 𝑒 −2 𝑡
√2 √𝜋𝑡

1 7
−2 𝑡
= 𝑒
√2𝜋𝑡

−1
𝑒 −4𝑠 1 7
−2(𝑡−4)
𝐿 [ ]= 𝑒 𝑡>4
√2𝑠 + 7 √2𝜋(𝑡 − 4)
=0 𝑡<4

−𝟏 𝒆−𝝅𝒔
8) 𝑳 [ ]
𝒔𝟐 (𝒔𝟐 +𝟏)

Solution
𝑓(𝑡 − 𝑎) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 > 𝑎
𝐿−1 [ 𝑒 −𝑎𝑠 𝐹(𝑠)] =
0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 < 𝑎
𝑎=𝜋
1
𝐹 (𝑠) =
𝑠 2 (𝑠 2 + 1)

𝑓 (𝑡) = 𝐿−1 [𝐹(𝑠)]

1
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝐿−1 [ ]
𝑠 2 (𝑠 2 + 1)

9
EM III_SMITA N
 1 1
= 𝐿−1 [ − ]
𝑠2 𝑠2 + 1

𝑡
= − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
𝛤(2)

= 𝑡 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡

−1
𝑒 −𝜋𝑠 (𝑡 − 𝜋) − 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑡 − 𝜋) 𝑡>𝜋
𝐿 [ 2 2 ]=
𝑠 (𝑠 + 1) 0 𝑡<𝜋

−𝟏 𝒆−𝒃𝒔
9) 𝑳 [ ]
𝒔𝟐 (𝒔+𝒂)

Solution
𝑓(𝑡 − 𝑎) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 > 𝑎
𝐿−1 [ 𝑒 −𝑎𝑠 𝐹(𝑠)] =
0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 < 𝑎
𝑎=𝑏
1
𝐹 (𝑠) =
𝑠 2 (𝑠 + 𝑎)

𝑓(𝑡) = 𝐿−1 [𝐹(𝑠)]

1
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝐿−1 [ 2 ]
𝑠 (𝑠 + 𝑎)

10
EM III_SMITA N
 1
𝐿−1 [ 2 ]
𝑠 (𝑠 + 𝑎)

𝑏𝑦 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐿𝑎𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑙

𝑡
1 1
𝐿−1 [ ] = ∫ 𝐿−1 ( ) 𝑑𝑡
𝑠(𝑠 + 𝑎) 𝑠+𝑎
0
𝑡

= ∫ 𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 𝑑𝑡
0

𝑡
𝑒 −𝑎𝑡
=[ ]
−𝑎 0

1
= − (𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 − 1)
𝑎

𝑡
1 1
𝐿−1 [ 2 ] = ∫ 1 − 𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑠 (𝑠 + 1) 𝑎
0

𝑡
1 𝑒 −𝑎𝑡
= [𝑡 − ]
𝑎 −𝑎 0

11
EM III_SMITA N
 1 𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 − 1
= (𝑡 − )
𝑎 −𝑎

1
= 2
(𝑎𝑡 − 1 + 𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 )
𝑎

𝑒 −𝑏𝑠 1 −𝑎(𝑡−𝑏)
𝐿−1
[ 2 ]= 𝑎 2
(𝑎 (𝑡 − 𝑏 ) − 1 + 𝑒 ) 𝑡>𝑏
𝑠 (𝑠 + 𝑎)
0 𝑡<𝑏

−𝟑𝒔
−𝟏 𝒔𝒆
10) Find 𝑳 [ 𝟐 ]
𝒔 −𝟏

Solution

𝑓 (𝑡 − 𝑎) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 > 𝑎
𝐿−1 [ 𝑒 −𝑎𝑠 𝐹(𝑠)] =
0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 < 𝑎

𝑎=3

𝑠
𝐹 (𝑠) =
𝑠2 − 1

𝑓 (𝑡) = 𝐿−1 [𝐹(𝑠)]

𝑠
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝐿−1 [ ]
𝑠2 − 1

= 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑡

12
EM III_SMITA N
 −1
𝑠𝑒 −3𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ (𝑡 − 3) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 > 3
𝐿 [ 2 ]=
𝑠 −1 0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 < 3

𝑠𝑒 −𝑎𝑠
11) Find 𝐿−1 [ ]
𝑠2 +𝑏2

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏 (𝑡 − 𝑎) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 > 𝑎

Ans:
0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 < 𝑎

𝑠
− −𝑠
−1 𝑠𝑒 2 +𝜋𝑒
12) Find 𝐿 [ 2 2 ]
𝑠 +𝜋

Solution

𝑠
− −𝑠
𝑠𝑒 2𝜋𝑒
𝐿−1 [ 2 + ]
𝑠 + 𝜋2 𝑠2 + 𝜋2

𝑓 (𝑡 − 𝑎) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 > 𝑎
𝐿−1 [ 𝑒 −𝑎𝑠 𝐹(𝑠)] =
0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 < 𝑎

𝑠
𝑠𝑒 −2 𝜋𝑒 −𝑠
𝐹 (𝑠) = 2 +
𝑠 + 𝜋2 𝑠2 + 𝜋2

𝑓(𝑡) = 𝐿−1 [𝐹(𝑠)]

𝑠 𝜋
𝑓 (𝑡) = 𝐿−1 [ + ]
𝑠2 + 𝜋2 𝑠2 + 𝜋2

13
EM III_SMITA N
 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜋𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜋𝑡

𝑠
−2
−1
𝑠𝑒 + 𝜋𝑒 −𝑠
𝐿 [ ]
𝑠2 + 𝜋2

1 1
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜋 (𝑡 − ) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 >
= 2 2 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜋 (𝑡 − 1) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 > 1
1 0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 < 1
0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 <
2

14
EM III_SMITA N