Pre-processing Raw and

Analysis tools
Group members:
- Nguyễn Ngọc Minh Tâm
- Tống Thị Linh
- Trần Thị Hiền Mai
1 Pre-Processing Raw
 - Pre-processing referred to as image restoration and rectification that
includes geometric correction, radiation calibration, atmospheric
correction, radiometric correction, image enhancement.
- The sources of distortion:
+ Variations in flying height or orbit
+ Variations in scene illumination or viewing geometry
+ Atmospheric conditions
+ Relief displacement
+ Panoramic distortions

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 Data processing level:
- Data products are processed at various levels ranging from level 0 to
Level 4 .
- At high levels, data are converted into more useful parameters and
formats.
- Data level:
• Level 0: Products are raw data (on-board compressed) in raw
Instrument Source Packet (ISP) format that performed to preserve
the integrity of acquired data.
• Level 1A: L1A data are reconstructed, unprocessed instrument data
at full resolution, time-referenced. They are obtained by
decompressing image data.

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 • Level 1B: L1B data are L1A data that have been processed to sensor units.
• Level 1C: L1C data are L1B data that include new variables to describe
the spectra. These variables allow the user to identify which L1C channels
have been copied directly from the L1B and which have been synthesized
from L1B and why.

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 • Level 2 : Derived geophysical variables at the same resolution and location as
L1 source data.
• Level 2A: contains information derived from the geolocated sensor data :
ground elevation, highest and lowest surface return elevations, energy quantile
heights, and other waveform-derived metrics describing the intercepted
surface.
• Level 3: Variables mapped on uniform space-time grid scales, usually with
some completeness and consistency.
• Level 3A : L3A data are generally periodic summaries (weekly, ten-day,
monthly) of L2 products.
• Level 4: Model output or results from analyses of lower-level data.

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2 Analysis Software
 (ENvironment for Visualizing Images)
software product suite of EXELIS Visual
Information Solutions (USA)
ENVI is the industry standard for image processing and
analysis software.
ENVI has remained on the cutting edge of innovation for
more than three decades due in part to its support of all
types of data including multispectral, hyperspectral,
thermal, LiDAR and SAR.

- combine specialized techniques for processing digital

image data (including data) remote sensing, DEM and
GIS/GPS) with geospatial analysis technology
- exploit valuable information to support accurate and
timely decision making

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  modern, easy-to-use interface
 outstanding features in image analysis and
processing

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 The outstanding features of the ENVI software suite include:
- Working (displaying and processing) large numbers and sizes of images;
- Read, display and analyze many formats (formats) of satellite images, common
images, raster and DEM data;

- Extracting information from many different types of satellite and aerial

images (VNREDSat-1, SPOT, Landsat, ASTER, QuickBird, GeoEye, WorldView,
Radar, Vexcel...);
- Combine image types (optical images, radar images...) to understand the
characteristics of the study area;
- IDL programming language

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 1. Rigorous Orthorectification module
corrects geometries of ground coordinates and
creates orthogonal images with high accuracy
This module is based on a mathematical model that uses
specific sensor parameters (e.g. SPOT or Landsat
sensors) to eliminate distortions during flight.

This module allows:

- Easy to use with wizard-based interface that follows every step in the tuning
process;
- Works with many types of sensors (eg SPOT 1-5, IKONOS-2, QuickBird-2,
Landsat 4-5, Landsat 7 ETM+, ASTER, VNREDSat-1)
- Automate the geometry correction process and transfer the results easily
into a GIS database.

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 1. Rigorous Orthorectification module
corrects geometries of ground coordinates and
creates orthogonal images with high accuracy
This module is based on a mathematical model that uses
specific sensor parameters (e.g. SPOT or Landsat
sensors) to eliminate distortions during flight.

2. ENVI Feature Extraction (FX) module:

Find, detect and extract information from objects of interest (eg buildings,
football fields, vehicles, roads, bridges, rivers, etc…) based on spatial features,
spectral properties or texture properties... from different types of satellite &
aerial images.

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 3. ENVI DEM (Digital Elevation Model) module:

Create a digital terrain model from stereo pairs (ASTER

satellite images, IKONOS, OrbView-3, QuickBird and SPOT
1-5) or aerial images.
With customization, users can interactively view stereo
pairs, measure the heights of buildings or mountain
peaks, edit DEM values.

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 4. ENVI NITF module:

Read, edit and distribute remote sensing images in the

NITF format with high image compression efficiency.

The NITF format contains image data with graph data

and metadata according to the JITC (Joint
Interoperability Test Command) standard.

This is the optimal format with good image compression,

high security, so it is often used for national defense
data...

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 5. Specialized product ENVI LIDAR:

Light Detection and Ranging, is a remote sensing method that

uses light in the form of a pulsed laser to measure ranges (variable
distances) to the Earth.

- identify and extract 3D objects

- create 3D GIS databases for urban
or forestry applications.

ENVI LIDAR software allows users to

process LiDAR point cloud data to
detect and extract 3D objects such
as trees, power lines, constructions
with elements such as house frame
and roof geometry, model height
digital imaging…

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3 Open source
 What is OS?

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 Open source is source code that is made freely
available for possible modification and
redistribution.
Products include permission to use the source
code, design documents, or content of the
product.
The open-source model is a decentralized
software development model that encourages
open collaboration.
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 The ODC Sandbox
The Open Data Cube (ODC) is an open source solution
for accessing, managing, and analyzing large quantities
of Geographic Information System (GIS) data - namely
Earth observation (EO) data. It presents a common
analytical framework composed of a series of data
structures and tools which facilitate the organization and
analysis of large gridded data collections.
 
 
The Open Data Cube system is designed to:
-    Catalogue large amounts of Earth Observation data
-    Provide a Python based API for high performance querying and data access
-    Give scientists and other users easy ability to perform Exploratory Data Analysis
-    Allow scalable continent scale processing of the stored data
-    Track the provenance of all the contained data to allow for quality control and updates

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 The ODC Sandbox

The ODC core serves as a layer

between satellite data providers and
applications. A set of open source
tools exist to help scientists conduct
research using data managed by the
ODC.  Popular tools used within the
community that utilizes the ODC
Core as its basis include

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 The ODC Sandbox
A demonstration Data Cube Sandbox is
available as an entry point to getting started
with the Open Data Cube. The Sandbox will
be made available here when it is openly
accessible. This trial environment comes
pre-packaged with the Data Cube
Applications Library, a set of standard
remote sensing algorithms that can be
applied to any region within the global
Landsat 8 data coverage, to investigate the
flexibility and power of the ODC platform
For those looking to engage with the Open Data Cube immediately, but don't know where to start,
the ODC Sandbox provides an ideal way to get hands on. The Sandbox is an externally managed
Data Cube, with global data and ARD already indexed and available to interact with. Simply access
your personal Sandbox with authorization from an existing Google or GitHub account, and run any of
the Data Cube Applications immediately, or create your own.
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 GeoTools
GeoTools is an open source (LGPL) Java code library
which provides standards compliant methods for the
manipulation of geospatial data, for example to
implement Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The
GeoTools library implements Open Geospatial
Consortium (OGC) specifications as they are developed.

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 Reference :
1. https://earthdata.nasa.gov/collaborate/open-data-services-and-software/data-information-pol
icy/data-levels
2. https://sentinels.copernicus.eu/web/sentinel/technical-guides/sentinel-2-msi/level-0-processi
ng
3. https://www.int-arch-photogramm-remote-sens-spatial-inf-sci.net/XXXIX-B1/197/2012/ispr
sarchives-XXXIX-B1-197-2012.pdf
4. https://earth.esa.int/eogateway/documents/20142/37627/SPOTScene-SPOTView-preprocess
ing-levels.pdf
5. Góc kỹ thuật - Phần mềm ENVI (geoviet.vn)
6. ENVI® | Image Processing & Analysis Software |Geospatial Image Analysis Softwar
e (l3harrisgeospatial.com)

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